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Mehrjouei M, Jafarzadeh H, Esmaeelpour P, Khorasanchi M. Endodontic treatment of a C-shaped mandibular second molar with narrow dentinal thickness: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8505. [PMID: 38356781 PMCID: PMC10866061 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Formulating an effective root canal treatment plan necessitates clinician awareness of the complexities of the root canal system and possible anatomic challenges. The C-shaped canal variation accompanying the radicular lingual groove makes the lingual dentinal wall so thin that cleaning and shaping of canals require accurate management. This report presents endodontic treatment of a C-shaped mandibular second molar diagnosed with pulpal necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis, that initial radiographic assessment revealed extremely thin (0.3 mm) width of the lingual wall of the canals prone to perforation. Mechanical preparation was performed through the anti-curvature technique and basically by chemical irrigation rather than mechanical instrumentation. The C-shaped isthmus was prepared up to 25/02 rotary system without dentinal defect while maintaining adequate dentin thickness so as to not significantly reduce the strength of the root. Follow-up radiographs showed normal periodontal ligament and lamina dura indicating significant healing of the periapical lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mehrjouei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hamid Jafarzadeh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Pourya Esmaeelpour
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Maryam Khorasanchi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Li Y, Wang Z, Bao P, Meng T, Liu M, Li H, Shen Y, Liu D, Jia Z, Liu H. Cleaning and Disinfecting Oval-Shaped Root Canals: Ex Vivo Evaluation of Three Rotary Instrumentation Systems with Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050962. [PMID: 37241194 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Successful root canal treatment depends on the thorough removal of biofilms through chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cleaning and disinfecting efficiency of oval-shaped root canals using XP-endo Shaper (XPS), ProTaper Next (PTN), and HyFlex CM (HCM) in combination with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Materials and Methods: Ninety extracted teeth were contaminated and randomly divided into three groups: XPS, PTN, and HCM. Each group was assigned to three subgroups: subgroup A (sterile saline), subgroup B (3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and subgroup C (3% sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and PUI). Bacterial sampling was conducted both from baseline samples and samples after chemomechanical preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the residue bacterial biofilms, hard tissue debris, and smear layers on the buccolingual walls of oval-shaped root canals. Results: When combined with sterile saline, XPS demonstrated a higher reduction of bacterial counts and was more effective in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis in the middle third of the canals compared to the other instruments (p < 0.05). Additionally, when used with antimicrobial irrigants, XPS was more effective in disinfecting the coronal third of the canals than the other instruments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, XPS reduced hard tissue debris more effectively in the middle third of canals than in the apical third (p < 0.05). Conclusions: XPS outperforms PTN and HCM in disinfecting oval-shaped root canals. Despite the fact that combining XPS and PUI improves cleaning and disinfecting, removing hard tissue debris from the critical apical area remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pingping Bao
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huixu Li
- Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300041, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dayong Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhi Jia
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Enhancing the intracanal antibacterial effects of sodium hypochlorite with etidronic acid or citric acid. J Endod 2022; 48:1161-1168. [PMID: 35750221 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the bacterial reduction promoted by root canal preparation using irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone, associated with etidronic acid (HEDP) or alternated with citric acid, and after a supplementary agitation step. METHODS Extracted mandibular premolars were selected and distributed into 3 groups based on anatomically paired micro-computed tomographic analyses. The canals were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis for 30 days and then subjected to chemomechanical preparation with a reciprocating instrument under irrigation with NaOCl alone, mixed with HEDP (NaOCl/HEDP), or alternated with citric acid (NaOCl/CA). A supplementary agitation step with the XP-endo Finisher was performed in all groups. Intracanal bacteriological samples were taken before (S1) and after preparation (S2), and after the supplementary approach (S3). DNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Intragroup analyses revealed a substantial bacterial reduction from S1 to S2 or S3 in all groups (p<0.01). The supplementary agitation resulted in S2-to-S3 bacterial reduction of 6%, 68%, and 80% in the NaOCl, NaOCl/HEDP, and NaOCl/CA groups, respectively. Irrigation with NaOCl alone resulted in 53% and 47% of samples negative for bacteria in S2 and S3, respectively. Corresponding figures for NaOCl/HEDP were 75% and 85%, and 44% and 72% for NaOCl/CA. Intergroup analyses of S2 samples showed that NaOCl/HEDP was significantly more effective than the other two in reducing the bacterial levels (p<0.05). After the supplementary approach, both NaOCl/HEDP and NaOCl/CA were significantly more effective than NaOCl alone (p<0.05), with no significant differences between them (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Both the freshly combined NaOCl/HEDP solution and the alternate use of NaOCl and citric acid followed by XP-endo Finisher agitation resulted in significantly higher intracanal bacterial reduction than NaOCl alone.
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Maru V, Padawe D, Naik S, Takate V, Sarjeraodighe K, Mali S. Assessment of Bacterial Load Using 3.8% SDF as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S47-S51. [PMID: 35645496 PMCID: PMC9108811 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using 3.8% as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary molars. Study design A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed that included primary molars with pulp necrosis. Sixty necrotic canals were included, 30 irrigated with 3.8% SDF (experimental group) and 30 with 1% NaOCl solution (control group); in all cases, two microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before obturation. All samples were evaluated by Agar plate method. Results The results were statistically analyzed by student “t“ test. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in the control group (NaOCl), we found a strong significant decrease of bacterial load (p = < 0.001). The same occurred in the 3.8% SDF group samples (p = < 0.001). When both groups were compared post irrigation, a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of 3.8 % SDF. Conclusion 3.8% SDF can be suggested as an alternative irrigant for pulpectomy of necrotic teeth. How to cite this article Maru V, Padawe D, Naik S, et al. Assessment of Bacterial Load Using 3.8% SDF as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S47-S51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral Maru
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Viral Maru, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Phone: +91 9867220417, e-mail: n
| | - Dimple Padawe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Naik
- Department of Microbiology, Govt. Grant Medical College; JJ Group of Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Vilas Takate
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kishor Sarjeraodighe
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Mali
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Interfacial Biomaterial-Dentin Bacterial Biofilm Proliferation and Viability Is Affected by the Material, Aging Media and Period. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10030033. [PMID: 35323235 PMCID: PMC8947710 DOI: 10.3390/dj10030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial−dentin interfaces undergo degradation over time, allowing salivary, tissue fluid, and bacterial movement between the root filling or restoration and dentin. This study aims to investigate the effect of aging in simulated human salivary/bacterial/blood esterases (SHSE) on proliferation and viability of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm within the dentin interface with four materials used to fill/restore the endodontic space. Root canals of human anterior teeth were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and one of the following: self-cured resin composite (BisfilTM 2B, Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) with either self-etch (SE) (EasyBond) or total-etch (TE) (ScotchbondTM, 3M, Saint Paul, MN, USA) methacrylate-based adhesives, epoxy-resin sealer (AH Plus®, Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA), or bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence® BC Sealer™, Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA). Specimens were aged in SHSE or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for up to 360 days, followed by cultivation of steady-state E. faecalis biofilm. Depth and viability of interfacial bacterial biofilm proliferation were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and live/dead staining. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc analyses. Initial depths of biofilm proliferation were similar among material groups (p > 0.05). All groups showed significantly deeper biofilm proliferation with increased aging period (p < 0.05). SHSE aging increased interfacial biofilm depth for TE, SE and BC (p < 0.05) but not AH. For unaged interfaces, BC exhibited the lowest ratio of live bacteria, followed by AH, TE, and SE (p < 0.05). Interfacial bacterial biofilm proliferation and viability were dependent on the biomaterial, aging media, and period.
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Phage therapy for refractory periapical periodontitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis in vitro and in vivo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2121-2131. [PMID: 35190846 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A phage PEf771 that specifically infects and lyses pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis YN771 in patients with refractory periapical periodontitis was used to investigate resistance against E. faecalis infection in vitro and in vivo. PEf771 completely lysed YN771 within 3 h, with a multiplicity of infection of 1. Compared with ten routinely used clinical antibiotics, PEf771 demonstrated the highest bacteriostatic effect within 72 h. The antibacterial effect of PEf771 on extracted teeth within 72 h was better than that of conventional root canal disinfectants such as camphorated phenol, formaldehyde cresol solution, and Ca(OH)2 (P < 0.05) within 72 h. Using E. faecalis, intraperitoneal and periapical infection models were established using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that all SD rats inoculated with 9.6 × 1011 CFU/mL E. faecalis YN771 or 2.9 × 1011 CFU/mL E. faecalis RYN771 died within 8 h. Additionally, all SD rats inoculated with YN771 and treated with antibiotics died within 72 h. Although SD rats inoculated with RYN771 and treated with antibiotics survived for 72 h, the pathological anatomy of these rats showed purulent discharge, numerous pus and blood-filled ascites, and extensive liver abscesses. Notably, YN771 rats treated with PEf771 and RYN771 rats treated with RPEf771 survived for 72 h, and their pathological anatomy showed that the liver, kidneys, intestine, and mesenteries were normal. Computed tomography analysis of SD rats infected with periapical periodontitis showed pathological changes in experimental teeth inoculated with YN771, despite undergoing a normal root canal treatment. Contrastingly, none of the experimental teeth exhibited root periapical inflammation following PEf771 treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a gap between the periodontal ligament and the cementum of experimental teeth, whereas PEf771-treated teeth exhibited normal results. These findings suggested that phage therapy using PEf771 might effectively prevent E. faecalis infection after root canal treatment.Key points• Compared with common clinical antibiotics, PEf771 showed the highest antibacterial.• The liver, kidney, intestine, and mesentery of SD rats treated with PEf771 were normal.• Phage therapy can effectively prevent E. faecalis YN771 and RYN771 infection.
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Kirmizi D, Aksoy U, Orhan K. Efficacy of Laser-Activated Irrigation and Conventional Techniques in Calcium Hydroxide Removal from Simulated Internal Resorption Cavities: Micro-CT Study. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:674-681. [PMID: 34662526 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigant-activation techniques for eliminating calcium hydroxide from an internal root canal resorption cavity by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Background: Several techniques and irrigants are inadequate for the complete removal of calcium hydroxide from an internal root resorption cavity. Recently, a few studies have investigated the effectiveness of various methods, but there has been no micro-CT study that compares the effectiveness of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) techniques. Methods: Seventy single-canal mandibular premolar teeth were selected and divided into seven groups (n = 10) according to the techniques to be used: syringe irrigation (SI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EndoActivator (EA), XP-Endo finisher file (XP), Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation, PIPS, and SWEEPS. The root canals were instrumented using a rotary system and divided vertically. Internal resorption cavities were created and standardized through diamond burs. Calcium hydroxide was placed into the root canal space. All specimens were evaluated using micro-CT in two different periods. The initial and residual calcium hydroxide volumes in the simulated cavities were calculated. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: SWEEPS and PIPS were significantly more effective than EA, Er,Cr:YSGG, PUI, XP, and SI (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the SWEEPS and PIPS groups (p > 0.05). SI and XP showed the least effective activity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The SWEEPS and PIPS techniques were superior to the EA, Er,Cr:YSGG, PUI, XP, and SI techniques. None of the techniques used entirely removed the calcium hydroxide from the resorption cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Kirmizi
- Department of Endodontics, Near East University Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Umut Aksoy
- Department of Endodontics, Near East University Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey.,Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
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Ozasir T, Eren B, Gulsahi K, Ungor M. The Effect of Different Final Irrigation Regimens on the Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Three Different Root Canal Sealers: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study In Vitro. SCANNING 2021; 2021:8726388. [PMID: 34737843 PMCID: PMC8531796 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8726388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different final irrigation regimens on the dentin tubule penetration of three different root canal sealers using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 160 single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth were divided into five groups (n = 32 each) according to the solution used in the final rinse protocol, as follows: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (group 1), 17% EDTA and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) (group 2), 7% maleic acid (MA) (group 3), 7% MA and 2% CHX (group 4), and 5.25% NaOCl (group 5). Two roots from each group were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize smear layer removal. Experimental groups were then split randomly into three subgroups (n = 10) and obturated using a cold lateral condensation technique with 0.1% rhodamine B-labelled sealers [either AH Plus (group A), EndoREZ (group E), or Tech BioSealer Endo (group T)] and gutta-percha. Specimens were sectioned and observed by CLSM to evaluate the percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration at the apical, middle, and coronal levels. Statistical comparison was performed on grouped (apical, middle, and coronal segments) and ungrouped data using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.01). AH Plus showed the greatest tubule penetration while Tech BioSealer Endo showed the least. Resin-based sealers displayed deeper and more consistent penetration. CHX irrigation positively influenced sealer tubule penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Ozasir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birgul Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamran Gulsahi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mete Ungor
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Suzuki TYU, Lima GQ, Delben JA, Cadorin BM, Nascimento VD, Duarte S, Santos PHD. In vitro study on how cold plasma affects dentin surface characteristics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104762. [PMID: 34371332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies evaluating different features of cold plasma action on dentin surface characteristics are lacking. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to determine the effect of cold plasma under different protocols of exposure time, distance to plasma source, and the association of argon gas with distinct concentrations of oxygen on the wettability, surface energy, total free interaction energy, surface roughness, morphology and chemical composition of dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-five bovine dentin samples were used and divided into twenty-five groups according to the exposure time to plasma (15, 30, or 60 s); distance between plasma source and dentin surface (3 or 6 mm); argon gas without plasma generation; and plasma generated by argon gas and association of argon gas with distinct concentrations of oxygen (2 % or 3 %) (n = 5). Contact angle (θ), surface energy (γs) and total free interaction energy (ΔG) were measured using a goniometer (Krüss), while surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated by a profilometer (Mitutoyo). Representative samples were submitted to scanning electron microscopy (JEOL) to ilustrate the morphology and chemical composition of dentin. Data comparing control group with all experimental groups were submitted to ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = .05). Data comparing oxygen gas action at different concentrations and argon gas on dentin characteristics were submitted to non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn test for comparison between the groups and methods (α = 0.05). RESULTS In general, argon gas without plasma generation promoted no significant difference on dentin surface characteristics compared to control group (P > .05), differently for the cold plasma that significantly reduced contact angle values and increased total free interaction energy of dentin surface (P < .05). Overall, feeding of oxygen at distinct concentrations promoted significant difference on dentin surface characteristics compared to control group (P < .05). Exposure time and distance protocols interfered with contact angle, surface energy and total free interaction energy analyses for each gas. There was no significant difference on surface roughness (P > .05), morphology and chemical composition of dentin submitted to argon gas, cold plasma, and distinct concentrations of oxygen. CONCLUSION In conclusion, plasma generated by argon gas and its feeding with 2 % and 3 % oxygen gas improved the dentin surface characteristics about wettability, surface energy and total free interaction energy. Such treatments preserved the surface roughness, morphology and chemical composition of dentin. The protocols of groups Ar-6mm-15sec, ArO2-3mm-30sec and ArO3-3mm-15sec are recommended for improvement of dentin surface characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Glívia Queiroz Lima
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Machado R, Vigarani G, Macoppi T, Pawar A, Glaci Reinke SM, Kovalik Gonçalves AC. Extrusion of debris with and without intentional foraminal enlargement - A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:741-748. [PMID: 34146366 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was sought to assess whether intentional foraminal enlargement (IFE) is responsible for extrusion of a larger quantity of debris from extracted human teeth with fully formed apexes. Following the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PRISMA, electronic and manual searches were performed to identify studies that evaluated the extrusion of debris, comparing different apical limits of instrumentation (with/without IFE). The quality of the studies selected was evaluated, and statistical analysis was conducted. To perform the meta-analysis, just 3 papers could be used. The heterogeneity was high, however; there was no statistically significant difference in relation to the extrusion of debris in teeth either submitted or not submitted to IFE. The general risk of bias was moderate. In conclusion, IFE is not responsible for extrusion of a larger quantity of debris from extracted human teeth with fully formed apexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Machado
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislayne Vigarani
- Student of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tainara Macoppi
- Student of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ajinkya Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Stella Maria Glaci Reinke
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Küçükkaya Eren S, Uzunoğlu-Özyürek E, Karahan S. Influence of reciprocating and rotary instrumentation on microbial reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e19. [PMID: 34123755 PMCID: PMC8170383 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies regarding the effectiveness of reciprocating and rotary instrumentation on microbial reduction in root canals. Materials and Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the gray literature were searched through December 2019. Studies comparing the influence of reciprocating and rotary instrumentation on the removal of microorganisms from root canals that quantified the antimicrobial effect were included. Data extraction was completed using a systematic form for data collection. The risk of bias of the studies was evaluated. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects meta-analysis. Results Seventeen in vitro studies were included in this systematic review, of which 7 provided adequate data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Both reciprocating and rotary systems were similarly effective in reducing the microbial load in infected root canals (SMD [95% CI], 0.0481 [-0.271, 0.367]). Three studies showed a low risk of bias, whereas most of the studies (82%) presented a medium risk. Conclusions Although both techniques decrease the microbial content (with reductions of 23.32%-88.47% and 23.33%-89.86% for reciprocating and rotary instrumentation, respectively), they are not able to provide complete disinfection of root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Küçükkaya Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emel Uzunoğlu-Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Emara RS, Gawdat SI, El-Far HMM. Effect of XP-endo Shaper versus conventional rotary files on postoperative pain and bacterial reduction in oval canals with necrotic pulps: a randomized clinical study. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1026-1036. [PMID: 33560531 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess postoperative pain and bacterial reduction following the use of XP-endo Shaper versus conventional rotary files in preparation of oval canals with necrotic pulps. METHODOLOGY This superiority, parallel, randomized, double blinded clinical trial was conducted in the clinic of the Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt. Sixty single-canalled mandibular premolars with necrotic pulps were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Canals were instrumented using XP-endo Shaper files in the intervention group and iRaCe rotary files in the control group. Bacterial samples were taken before and after canal instrumentation. Incidence and severity of postoperative pain was assessed using a modified VAS after 6, 12, 24 h and daily for 5 days. A culture method was used to assess the number of bacterial colony forming units. Incidence of analgesic intake as well as flare-ups was recorded. Data were analysed using chi-square, Fisher Exact, Mann-Whitney, Independent t-test, and Spearman's correlation for pain and bacterial counts. RESULTS The XP-endo Shaper compared with the iRaCe group was associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative pain at 6, 12, and 24 h (P = 0.039, 0.047, and 0.026, respectively), and severity of postoperative pain at 6 h (mean difference: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.307-2.352, P = 0.02), 12 h (mean difference: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.26-1.936, P = 0.007), 24 h (mean difference: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.178-1.701, P = 0.008) and 48 h (mean difference: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.192-1.747, P = 0.038). There was a significant decrease in bacterial count following canal instrumentation in both groups (P < 0.001) with no significant difference between them (mean difference: 0.83 × 105 , 95% CI: 0.336 × 105 -1.996 × 105 , P = 0.56). A weak correlation existed between postoperative pain severity and bacterial counts (P = 0.54). There was no significant difference in analgesic intake between the two groups (P = 0.085). Flare-ups occurred in 3.3% of teeth in the iRaCe group, while no flare-ups occurred in the XP-endo Shaper group. CONCLUSIONS XP-endo Shaper was associated with a significantly lower frequency of postoperative pain for up to 24 h, and lower severity of postoperative pain for up to 48 h compared with iRaCe files. Both systems were equally effective in bacterial reduction from oval root canals with necrotic pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Emara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S I Gawdat
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H M M El-Far
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Essential Oils as Alternatives for Root-Canal Treatment and Infection Control against Enterococcus faecalis—A Preliminary Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since natural alternatives are needed in dentistry for the treatment of root canal, where the standard irrigant is NaOCl with significant toxicity, the aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial properties of non-chemical root-canal irrigants (aqueous extracts of oregano, thyme, lemongrass, melaleuca and clove essential oils) against Enterococcus faecalis. For this, aqueous extracts of each essential oil (AqEO) were prepared. A solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used as a positive standard against which the antimicrobial effects of AqEO could be reported. The root canals of seven teeth were inoculated with 20 µL of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 inoculum and incubated overnight at 37 °C. All the teeth canals were instrumented and were irrigated with the corresponding AqEO, NaOCl and saline solution, then rinsed with saline. Bacteriological samples for each canal post-instrumentation were collected with sterile paper points which were inoculated on culture media. A second processing followed the same methodology but involved only irrigation and no instrumentation. Using instrumentation, thyme and clove completely inhibited Enterococcus faecalis growth. Without instrumentation, clove and oregano AqEOs completely reduced the bacterial load as seen in direct inoculation, but bacterial growth was observed in all the samples after enrichment, except for NaOCl. Nevertheless, the turbidity of the enrichment media was lower for the samples irrigated with AqEOs than for control. In conclusion, AqEOs of thyme, oregano and clove showed a promising antibacterial effect, especially when teeth instrumentation was performed.
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14
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Jahangir M, Simdar N, Bashardoust N. Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of XP-endo shaper and Mtwo rotary files in oval-shaped canals. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.332101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Abusteit OE. Evaluation of resin sealer penetration of dentin following different final rinses for endodontic irrigation using confocal laser scanning microscopy. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:195-201. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Abusteit
- Division of Endodontics Department of Restorative Sciences School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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16
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Bin-Shuwaish MS. Impact of photodynamic therapy on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102010. [PMID: 32950727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This systematic review documents the up-to-date evidence on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The focused PICO question was: "What impact does PDT have on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented to root dentin?" This systematic review followed the guidelines and recommendations reported in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines chart. An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase from January 1980 up to and including January 2020. Heterogeneity was calculated for push-out bond strength by means of the Chi-square test and I2 statistics. For meta-analyses, if the I2 was higher than 50 %, a random effects model was used, otherwise a fixed effects model for I2 ≤50 % was applied. A p-value <0.05 was set for significant heterogeneity. Forest plots were computed reporting standard mean differences (SMD) of outcomes and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS In total, ten studies were included, all of wich demonstrated medium risk of bias. All studies tested the push-out bond strength by means of a universal testing machine with applying a load ranging between 0.5 and 1 mm/min speed. Of the 10 studies, nine (90 %) indicated that PDT had no effect on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. Only one study indicated that PDT significantly improved the bond strength when compared with other control groups. The overall mean difference for push out bond strength showed no statistically significant difference between PDT and the control group (SMD = -1.11 [-3.25, 1.02], Z=-1.02, p = 0.305). CONCLUSION This systematic review concludes that PDT has no effect on improving the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Bin-Shuwaish
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Fernandes KGC, Silva BBD, Boer NC, Mandarini DR, Moreti LCT, Kato AS, Bueno CEDS, Limoeiro AGDS, Pinheiro SL, Martin ASD, Fontana CE. The Effectiveness of Three Irrigation Systems in the Enterococcus faecalis Reduction after Instrumentation with a Reciprocating Instrument. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:539-543. [PMID: 32898871 PMCID: PMC7535969 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of three irrigation systems: EndoActivator, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Easy Clean in the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis, after instrumentation with the reciprocating system, through microbiological collection and culture method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 extracted human lower premolars were used and standardized at 16 mm in length. The teeth were accessed, contaminated with E. faecalis, and incubated for 21 days at 37°C. Initial collections (S1) were made with an absorbent paper cone to confirm the contamination; subsequently, instrumentation was performed with WaveOne Primary. The teeth were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation protocol (n = 15): group 1. EndoActivator; group 2, PUI; group 3, Easy Clean; and group 4, control group irrigated with saline solution sterile and without agitation. In the final irrigation, the agitation of the 17% ethylene amine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solutions was used, then 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); in both for this, three cycles of 20 seconds each. After the chemical-mechanical preparation and agitation of the irrigating solutions, the final collections (S2) for counting the colony-forming units (CFU/mL) occurred. RESULTS The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that all the agitation systems reduced by 100% and the control group by 65.7%. CONCLUSION The control group presented a significantly higher amount of CFU/mL after the chemical-mechanical preparation than the other groups, which were similar to each other (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Augusto Shoji Kato
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Luiz Pinheiro
- Department of Endodontics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sigrist De Martin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Department of Endodontics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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İnce Yusufoglu S, Keskin NB, Saricam E, Bozkurt DA. Comparison of apical debris extrusion using EDDY, passive ultrasonic activation and photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming irrigation activation devices. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 46:400-404. [PMID: 32881182 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of different irrigation activation systems on the amount of apical debris extrusion in mandibular molar teeth with curved root canals. Sixty extracted mandibular molar teeth were instrumented with HyFlex EDM system and divided into four groups according to irrigation techniques: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EDDY, photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and manual irrigation (MI). After the final irrigation, the extruded irrigants were collected into Eppendorf tubes of known weights. The amount of extruded debris was obtained by subtracting the weight from the initial weight of the tube. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. EDDY caused significantly more debris extrusion than the other irrigation activation systems (P < 0.001). PUI caused less apical debris extrusion but there was no statistical difference between PUI, PIPS and MI (P > 0.05). The EDDY activation system was associated with the highest amount of debris extrusion in curved root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen İnce Yusufoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Büsra Keskin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Saricam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Durmus Alperen Bozkurt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Zavattini A, Cowie J, Niazi S, Giovarruscio M, Sauro S, Foschi F. Reduction of an in vitro Intraradicular Multispecies Biofilm Using Two Rotary Instrumentation Sequences. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:1-7. [PMID: 32018281 PMCID: PMC7069743 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect per se of two shaping and cleaning techniques on the reduction of an
in vitro
multispecies biofilm.
Materials and Methods
A total of 39 freshly extracted monoradicular teeth for periodontal reason were decoronated. Roots were sectioned longitudinally. After autoclaving, a specific stressed biofilm was grown on the root halves that were subsequently reassembled in a silicone index. Two treatments (
n
= 9 each)—RaCe (Schottlander; Letchworth Garden City, United Kingdom) and ProTaper Gold ( PTG; Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland)—were tested; three noninstrumented samples served as a control group and three were rinsed with saline. Posttreatment samples were taken at three different levels of the root. Colony-forming units were counted after incubations. Additionally, three treatments (
n
= 5 each)—RaCe, PTG, and saline only—were evaluated under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).
Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis was conducted using Tukey’s test and analysis of variance to evaluate the post-instrumentation bioburden.
Results
Both instrumentations were able to reduce the biofilm; however, differences were not present between them (
p
> 0.05). CLSM showed biofilm killing and disruption through mechanical shaping alone.
Conclusions
Intraradicular biofilm is reduced with mechanical shaping. There was no difference between RaCe and PTG systems in biofilm reduction despite differences in design, file sequence, and rotational speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zavattini
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Postgraduate Centre, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sadia Niazi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Postgraduate Centre, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Giovarruscio
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Postgraduate Centre, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Departamento de Odontologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Foschi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Postgraduate Centre, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Ulin C, Magunacelaya-Barria M, Dahlén G, Kvist T. Immediate clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of 0.5% versus 3% sodium hypochlorite in root canal treatment: A quasi-randomized controlled trial. Int Endod J 2020; 53:591-603. [PMID: 31808947 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that in the daily routine of a specialist clinic in endodontics that irrigation during root canal preparation with 3.0% NaOCl will result in fewer postoperative samples with cultivable bacteria than irrigation with 0.5% buffered NaOCl but, at the same time, will not result in a higher frequency of postoperative pain nor swelling. METHODOLOGY Two hundred ninety-eight patients were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups - 0.5% NaOCl and 3% NaOCl. All endodontic diagnoses were included. Root canal treatment was performed, and bacterial sampling was carried out prior to root filling. The patients were requested to complete a form regarding pain and swelling seven days postoperatively. Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared and the chi-squared test with a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS In the 0.5% NaOCl group, 18 (13.4%) of the root canal samples were positive; in the 3% NaOCl group, the corresponding number was 24 (18.6%). The mean difference of -5.2% (95% CI: -14.8 to 4.4) was not significant (P = 0.33). In the 0.5% NaOCl group, 57 (53.8%) patients reported some pain; in the 3% group, the corresponding number was 56 (53.3%). The mean difference of 0.4 (95% CI: -14.0 to 14.8) was not significant (P = 1.0). In the 0.5% NaOCl group, 5 (5.1%) patients reported swelling; in the 3% NaOCl group, the corresponding number was 18 (17.8%). The mean difference was 12.7 (95% CI: 3.1-22.4), which was significant (P = 0.0084). CONCLUSIONS The difference in the concentration of NaOCl (0.5% vs 3%) had no significant impact on the number of positive cultures and did not influence either the frequency or the magnitude of postoperative pain. A significantly higher incidence of postoperative swelling was recorded for patients who received a greater concentration of NaOCl (3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ulin
- Specialist Clinic of Endodontics, Public Dental Service, Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Magunacelaya-Barria
- Specialist Clinic of Endodontics, Public Dental Service, Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Kvist
- Department of Endodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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21
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Jiao Y, Tay FR, Niu LN, Chen JH. Advancing antimicrobial strategies for managing oral biofilm infections. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 31570700 PMCID: PMC6802668 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective control of oral biofilm infectious diseases represents a major global challenge. Microorganisms in biofilms exhibit increased drug tolerance compared with planktonic cells. The present review covers innovative antimicrobial strategies for controlling oral biofilm-related infections published predominantly over the past 5 years. Antimicrobial dental materials based on antimicrobial agent release, contact-killing and multi-functional strategies have been designed and synthesized for the prevention of initial bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation on the tooth and material surface. Among the therapeutic approaches for managing biofilms in clinical practice, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has emerged as an alternative to antimicrobial regimes and mechanical removal of biofilms, and cold atmospheric plasma shows significant advantages over conventional antimicrobial approaches. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and appropriately designed and well-structured multi-center clinical trials are critically needed to obtain reliable comparative data. The acquired information will be helpful in identifying the most effective antibacterial solutions and the most optimal circumstances to utilize these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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22
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Abraham S, Vaswani SD, Najan HB, Mehta DL, Kamble AB, Chaudhari SD. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of smear layer removal at the apical third of root canals using diode laser, endoActivator, and ultrasonics with chitosan: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:149-154. [PMID: 31142984 PMCID: PMC6519194 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_337_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the effect of diode laser, endoActivator, and passive ultrasonics for smear layer removal at the apical third from root canals with 0.2% chitosan. Materials and Methods A total of 40 mandibular premolars were decoronated to establish a working length of 12 mm and shaped with ProTaper rotary files up to size F3. In Group A, canals were irrigated with 1 ml of 0.2% chitosan. In Group B, canals were initially irrigated with 0.8 ml of 0.2% chitosan and the remaining 0.2 ml was activated with diode laser. In Group C, canals were irrigated with 1 ml of 0.2% chitosan which was activated with endoActivator. In Group D, canals were irrigated with 0.2% chitosan and activated with passive ultrasonics. All samples were finally flushed with 3 ml of distilled water. The percentage of smear layer removal was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope examination at ×1000 and ×3000. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results The mean value for Group B when compared to Group C for the removal of smear layer was higher, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.068 and P < 0.295). Both Group B and Group C showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) when compared to Group A and Group D for the removal of smear layer. Conclusion Diode laser and endoActivator with 0.2% chitosan proved better in the removal of the smear layer when compared to passive ultrasonic irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Abraham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Dhruvkumar Vaswani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal Balasaheb Najan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Disha Lalit Mehta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aradhana Babu Kamble
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Salil Dinesh Chaudhari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, S.M.B.T. Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Lee OYS, Khan K, Li KY, Shetty H, Abiad RS, Cheung GSP, Neelakantan P. Influence of apical preparation size and irrigation technique on root canal debridement: a histological analysis of round and oval root canals. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1366-1376. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Y. S. Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - K. Khan
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - K. Y. Li
- Centralized Research Laboratories Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - H. Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Nair Hospital Dental College Mumbai India
| | - R. S. Abiad
- Endodontic Division Faculty of Dentistry Beirut Arab University Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - P. Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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Is it really penetration? Part 2. Locomotion of Enterococcus faecalis cells within dentinal tubules of bovine teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4325-4334. [PMID: 30888514 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present vitro study was to examine the question whether devitalized Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) cells can migrate into dentinal tubules and if that process takes place in a time-dependent manner. DESIGN Sixty bovine root canals were incubated with devitalized and vital streptomycin-resistant E. faecalis strains after root canal enlargement (size 80, taper .02) with 3% NaOCl solution. Incubation times 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. Samples were processed for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The penetration depth was calculated with the measurement tool of the Axio Vision program (Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0.05) and Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Devitalized E. faecalis strains were able to migrate into dentinal tubules. The total number and penetration depth of devitalized E. faecalis cells was lower compared to the vital suspension of E. faecalis. It was noted, that bacterial penetration was not common to all of the dentinal tubules in the vital E. faecalis control and especially in the devitalized control. The migration took place in a time-dependent migration characteristic. CONCLUSIONS Devitalized E. faecalis cells are still able to migrate into the dentinal tubules due to possible electrokinetic and osmotic processes. Thereby, increased exposure times lead to a time-dependent penetration characteristic. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Since devitalized bacteria can migrate as well into dentinal tubules, the presence of bacteria within dentinal tubules cannot be interpreted as a failure of tested preparation regimens.
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25
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Morago A, Ruiz‐Linares M, Ferrer‐Luque CM, Baca P, Rodríguez Archilla A, Arias‐Moliz MT. Dentine tubule disinfection by different irrigation protocols. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:558-563. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Morago
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Matilde Ruiz‐Linares
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
| | | | - Pilar Baca
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Granada Granada Spain
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Cardoso LR, Baldasso FER, Delai D, Montagner F, Kopper PMP. Effect of EDTA, sodium, and calcium hypochlorite on the inorganic component of root canal dentin: A SEM analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:128-133. [PMID: 30582246 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of canal irrigation protocols with 5.25% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2 ], 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA solution on the inorganic component of root canal dentin. Sixty roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): Saline solution (SS) (control); Saline solution (SSE) +17% EDTA; CH - 5.25% Ca(OCl)2 ; CHE - 5.25% Ca(OCl)2 + 17% EDTA; SH - 5.25% NaOCl; SHE - 5.25% NaOCl +17% EDTA. After canal irrigation, the specimens were longitudinally split and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dentinal tubules were observed in transverse (middle and apical thirds) direction. The images were classified in scores, according to smear layer removal and peritubular dentin alteration, and data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis's test, followed by Dunn's test (α = 0.05). In the middle third, all groups with EDTA presented better removal of the smear layer with higher peritubular dentin alteration (p < .05). In the apical third, this happened only in SHE (p < .05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl exhibit similar performance to remove smear layer and alteration of the inorganic component in the middle third. In the apical third, NaOCl associated with EDTA showed better performance in smear layer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Roleto Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Delai
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Varela P, Souza E, de Deus G, Duran-Sindreu F, Mercadé M. Effectiveness of complementary irrigation routines in debriding pulp tissue from root canals instrumented with a single reciprocating file. Int Endod J 2018; 52:475-483. [PMID: 30317653 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Varela
- Department of Endodontics; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - E. Souza
- Department of Dentistry II; Federal University of Maranhão; São Luis Brazil
| | - G. de Deus
- Department of Endodontics; Grande Rio University; Duque de Caxias Brazil
| | - F. Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Mercadé
- Department of Dentistry; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- IDIBELL Institute; Barcelona Spain
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Siqueira Junior JF, Rôças IDN, Marceliano-Alves MF, Pérez AR, Ricucci D. Unprepared root canal surface areas: causes, clinical implications, and therapeutic strategies. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e65. [PMID: 30365606 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemomechanical preparation is intended to clean, disinfect, and shape the root canal. This step is of utmost importance during treatment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis, because treatment outcome depends on how effectively the clinician eliminates bacteria, their products, and necrotic tissue that would serve as substrate for bacterial regrowth. Nonetheless, curvatures and complex internal anatomical variations of the root canal system can pose a high degree of difficulty in reaching these goals. In infected teeth, bacteria may persist not only in difficult-to-reach areas such as isthmuses, ramifications, dentinal tubules, and recesses from C-shaped or oval/flattened canals, but also in areas of the main canal wall that remain untouched by instruments. If bacteria withstand chemomechanical procedures, there is an augmented risk for post-treatment apical periodontitis. This article discloses the reasons why some areas remain unprepared by instruments and discusses strategies to circumvent this issue and enhance infection control during endodontic treatment/retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela das Neves Rôças
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Ron Pérez
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jardim Del Monaco R, Tavares de Oliveira M, de Lima AF, Scarparo Navarro R, Zanetti RV, de Fátima Teixeira da Silva D, Horliana ACRT. Influence of Nd:YAG laser on the penetration of a bioceramic root canal sealer into dentinal tubules: A confocal analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202295. [PMID: 30133509 PMCID: PMC6104986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study, is to evaluate the penetration of a bioceramic root canal sealer into dentinal tubules at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex after Nd:YAG laser irradiation. METHODS Forty freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared using Reciproc® and irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Teeth were divided into 4 groups: group 1, obturated with control sealer (AH Plus®); group 2, obturated with bioceramic sealer (Endosequence BC Sealer®); group 3, Nd:YAG laser + control sealer (AH Plus®); and group 4, Nd:YAG laser + bioceramic sealer (Endosequence BC Sealer®). The samples were transversely sectioned 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex and examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two parameters were measured: 1) sealer penetration into dentinal tubules of the root canal and 2) sealer penetration into the perimeter of the root canal walls. RESULTS Penetration analysis showed that bioceramic sealer had a higher penetration at depths of 3 and 5 mm than that of the control sealer, regardless of laser use (p <0.05). Perimeter analysis showed that there was no difference between both sealers at a depth of 3 mm (p <0.05), regardless of laser use. At a depth of 5 mm, bioceramic sealer and laser showed a greater perimeter of penetration (p <0.05) than the control sealer. CONCLUSION The use of Nd:YAG laser did not compromise the penetration of bioceramic sealer into dentinal tubules of root canals at 3 mm and 5 mm from the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Jardim Del Monaco
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Scarparo Navarro
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, University Brazil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Virgínia Zanetti
- Postgraduate Program in Prosthetic Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Seck A, Bane K, Diop A, Ndiaye D, Niang SO, Touré B. Evaluation of the mono instrument (Wave One) mechanical action on the bacterial load reduction: In vitro study of 32 permanent human teeth. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:280-284. [PMID: 29899630 PMCID: PMC5977776 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_344_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Enterococcus faecalis is the most common bacteria found in infected root canals. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mono instrument (wave-one®) on the reduction of E. faecalis in root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two human monoroot teeth were used. After sterilization by autoclave, the teeth were infected by E. faecalis and incubated for 24 h. Each tooth underwent sampling before and after the root canal shaping. After serial dilution, samples were incubated, and colony-forming units were counted. RESULTS The mono instrument technique reduced infection by E. faecalis in root canals of 30 teeth. The mean bacterial load (log10) was 3.98 before treatment and 1.20 after treatment. The paired t-test showed a significant mean difference (log10) of the bacterial load before and after treatment (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study found that the mono instrument (Wave One®) significantly decreases bacterial load in root canals. However, the instrument alone is not enough to eradicate infections; thus, the use of a complementary antimicrobial is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anta Seck
- Department of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Service, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology Stomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khaly Bane
- Department of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Service, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology Stomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Diop
- Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory Microbial Research and Biotechnology Unit, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and University Center in Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Diouma Ndiaye
- Department of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Service, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology Stomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seydina O. Niang
- Department of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Service, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology Stomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Touré
- Department of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Service, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology Stomatology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Jimna MM, Ashwini TS, Sowmya HK. Comparison and evaluation of two reciprocating root canal instruments on removal of smear layer by using two irrigants at apical one-third of the root canal-an ex vivo-scanning electron microscopic study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 20:451-458. [PMID: 29430100 PMCID: PMC5799994 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_374_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare and evaluate the cleaning ability of two reciprocating systems, that is, WaveOne (WO) and self-adjusting files (SAF) in terms of removal of smear layer using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) at apical one-third of the root canal. Materials and Methods: Forty-three human maxillary anterior teeth were selected. The canal was instrumented manually up to a number 25 K-file size. WO and SAF were used to prepare the root canals. The following groups were studied: Group 1 using WO:-Group 1a = 5% NaOCl + 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Group 1b = 2% CHX + 17% EDTA, Group 2 using SAF:-Group 2a = 5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group 2b = 2% CHX + 17% EDTA. All roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic. The presence of smear layer apical thirds was evaluated using a 5-score evaluation system. Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed no significant difference in smear layer removal among both reciprocating system and among the irrigants. Group 2a exhibited the best results and was close to significant difference in score (P > 0.05). The NaOCl + EDTA solution used in Group 1a and Group 2a could effectively remove the smear layer in most of the specimens. However, SAF was more effective than WO in the apical third of the canal. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study suggest that using the SAF system and continuous irrigation action with NaOCl and EDTA solution could overcome the difficulty of removing smear layer even in hard-to-reach regions of the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jimna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - T S Ashwini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - H K Sowmya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Vasconcelos LRSMD, Midena RZ, Minotti PG, Pereira TC, Duarte MAH, Andrade FBD. Effect of ultrasound streaming on the disinfection of flattened root canals prepared by rotary and reciprocating systems. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:477-482. [PMID: 29069144 PMCID: PMC5804383 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New technical and scientific developments have been advocated to promote the success of the endodontic treatment. In addition to rotary and reciprocating systems, irrigating solution agitation has been suggested and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is the most used. Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of ultrasound streaming (US) in the disinfection of flattened root canal systems prepared by the ProTaper, BioRaCe and Reciproc systems, utilizing the microbiological culture. Methodology: Extracted human mandibular incisors (n=84) were used. Suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were standardized and inserted along with the teeth immersed in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. The contamination was made following a protocol during 5 days. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups: G1, ProTaper Universal; G2, ProTaper Universal with US; G3, BioRaCe; G4, BioRaCe with US; G5, Reciproc; and G6, Reciproc with US. Irrigation was performed with saline solution. After biomechanical preparation, microbiological samples were performed with sterilized paper points, which were diluted and spread on BHI agar; after 48 h, the colony forming units (CFU/mL) were counted for each sample. Results: Groups using ultrasonic agitation presented a greater antibacterial effect than the other ones, even using saline solution as irrigant. The ProTaper Universal system showed the best antibacterial activity of the tested systems (median of 0 CFU/mL with and without surfactant or ultrasonic activation [PUI]). Even with PUI, Reciproc (median of 2.5 CFU/mL with PUI and 5 without it) could not reduce as many colonies as ProTaper Universal without US. The BioRaCe system had greater bacterial reduction when using US (median of 0 CFU/mL with PUI and 30 without it). Conclusions: US promoted greater reduction in the number of bacteria in the flattened root canals prepared with nickel-titanium mechanized systems. Regarding the instruments used, the ProTaper Universal system was the most effective in reducing the bacterial number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Zanin Midena
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Paloma Gagliardi Minotti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Thais Cristina Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Baldasso FER, Cardoso LR, Silva VDD, Morgental RD, Kopper PMP. Evaluation of the effect of four final irrigation protocols on root canal dentin components by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1337-1343. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Emi Razera Baldasso
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ramiro Barcelos; Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
| | - Luana Roleto Cardoso
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ramiro Barcelos; Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
| | - Vinicius Duval da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ramiro Barcelos; Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
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Antibiofilm Efficacy of Positively Charged Imidazolium-Based Silver Nanoparticles in Enterococcus faecalis Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.55616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jaiswal N, Sinha DJ, Singh UP, Singh K, Jandial UA, Goel S. Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Chitosan, Chlorhexidine, Propolis and Sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm : An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e1066-e1074. [PMID: 29075407 PMCID: PMC5650207 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term successful root canal treatment requires effective debridement and disinfection of root canal system. Persistent periradicular lesions are usually associated with Enterococccus faecalis. Prompt research for natural alternatives for irrigation is mainly due to the constant increase in antibiotic resistant strains and side effects caused by synthetic drugs. Sodium hypochlorite; the gold standard for irrigation has many disadvantages. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore newer irrigants probably be as more effective and at the same time would be less irritating to the tissues than NaOCl. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety extracted human mandibular premolars were biomechanically prepared, vertically sectioned, placed in tissue culture wells exposing the root canal surface to E. faecalis to form a biofilm. At the end of 3rd week, all groups were irrigated with 3 ml of test solutions and control for 10 minutes. The samples were then scraped with a scalpel, inoculated on tryptone soy agar plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. The plates were then subjected to digital colony counter and evaluated for E. faecalisgrowth. The growth was statistically analysed by ANOVA & Post Hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS Chitosan + Chlorhexidine, NaOCl and Chlorhexidine showed no statistically significant difference, whereas all the other inter‑group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Chitosan + Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine and Propolis were found to be as efficacious as sodium hypochlorite. The use of natural alternatives as root canal irrigation solutions might prove to be advantageous considering several unfavorable properties of NaOCl. Key words:Antibacterial efficacy, Chitosan, Enterococcus faecalis, Root canal irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Jaiswal
- PG student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal dental college and research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001
| | - Dakshita-Joy Sinha
- Associate professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001
| | - Udai-Pratap Singh
- Professor & Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001
| | - Kanwardeep Singh
- PG student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal dental college and research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001
| | - Urja-Ahuja Jandial
- PG student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal dental college and research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001
| | - Shivika Goel
- PG student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal dental college and research centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001
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Thota MM, Sudha K, Malini DL, Madhavi SB. Effect of Different Irrigating Solutions on Depth of Penetration of Sealer into Dentinal Tubules: A Confocal Microscopic Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:391-394. [PMID: 29042723 PMCID: PMC5643995 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_114_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions used in final irrigation on depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods: Thirty recently extracted, human mandibular premolar teeth with single canals were randomly divided into two groups, and one of the two irrigants was used in each group - Group A (Chitosan) and Group B (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). All the teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26® sealer labeled with fluorescent dye. The teeth were sectioned at distances 2, 5, and 8 mm from the root apex. Maximum depth of sealer penetration was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis used One-way analysis of variance and t-test. Results: At coronal third depth, the sealer penetration was greater in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) group; however, depth of sealer penetration was greater at apical third in chitosan group. Conclusion: Final irrigation with EDTA and chitosan after the use of sodium hypochlorite affected sealer penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Mohan Thota
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kakollu Sudha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - D L Malini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Singiri Bindhu Madhavi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Keskin C, Sariyilmaz E, Sariyilmaz Ö. Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher File in Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Simulated Internal Resorption Cavity. J Endod 2017; 43:126-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kozuszko SN, Sánchez MA, Ferro MIGD, Sfer AM, Madrid APM, Takabatake K, Nakano K, Nagatsuka H, Rodríguez AP. Antibacterial Activity and Biocompability of Zinc Oxide and Graphite Particles as Endodontic Materials. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Noemí Kozuszko
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías (FACET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Catedra de Anatomía y fisiología Patológicas de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
| | - María Alejandra Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías (FACET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | | | - Ana María Sfer
- Departamento de Estadística. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología Universidad Nacional de Tucumán
| | - Ana Paula Moreno Madrid
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías (FACET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Andrea Paola Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN), Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías (FACET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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BALDASSO FER, ROLETO L, SILVA VDD, MORGENTAL RD, KOPPER PMP. Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness reduction and erosion of root canal dentin. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e40. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana ROLETO
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rudranaik S, Nayak M, Babshet M. Periapical healing outcome following single visit endodontic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e498-e504. [PMID: 27957260 PMCID: PMC5149081 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of apical periodontitis in diabetes mellitus patients is high. The altered immunity in diabetes affects the healing process of periapical tissue. Single visit endodontic treatment has shown to increase the periapical healing rate with better patient compliance. Hence the present study aims at evaluating the clinical and radiographic healing outcome of single visit endodontic treatment, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with periapical disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty patients with periapical disease were divided into 2 groups of 40 each: Group I, Control subjects and Group II, Type 2 diabetics. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were assessed preoperatively and at follow up intervals in diabetics. Pre-operative assessment of periapical status was done using CPDR (Clinical periapical diagnosis of root), QLDR (Qualitative radiographic diagnosis of tooth) and QTDR (Quantitative radiographic diagnosis of tooth) criteria. Postoperative healing was evaluated following single-visit endodontic treatment by Strindberg criteria. RESULTS Group 2 subjects had chronic and exacerbating lesions with significantly larger lesions (p=0.029). 100 % clinical healing outcome in diabetic group was seen in two months. Group 2 showed 85% success in one year on radiographic evaluation. Poor controlled diabetics showed failure compared to fair and good controlled. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetics had chronic and larger sized lesions when compared to control subjects. The periapical lesions in patients with poor diabetic control showed failure. The clinical and radiographic healing outcome of single visit endodontic therapy was delayed in diabetic patients. Key words:Apical periodontitis, diabetes mellitus type 2, endodontics, periapical lesion, strindberg criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rudranaik
- MDS, Reader, Department of conservative dentistry & endodontics, Sri Hasanamba Dental College and Hospital, Hassan, India
| | - Moksha Nayak
- MDS, Principal, Department of conservative dentistry & endodontics, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, India
| | - Medha Babshet
- MDS, Reader, Department of oral medicine and radiology, Sri Hasanamba Dental College and Hospital, Hassan, India
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Podar R, Kulkarni GP, Dadu SS, Singh S, Singh SH. In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of 6% Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, and 3% sodium hypochlorite as root canal irrigants. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:529-534. [PMID: 26929692 PMCID: PMC4745235 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of 6% Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, and 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as root canal irrigants. Materials and Methods: Thirty nonvital maxillary anteriors were randomly assigned to one of the three groups corresponding to the irrigant to be tested; 6% Morinda citrifolia juice (MCJ) (n = 10), A. indica (n = 10) and 3% NaOCl (n = 10). After the root canal access opening a root canal culture sample was taken with two paper points and cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cleaning and shaping were completed with irrigation by 10 mL of respective irrigants and 5 mL of final rinse. The patients were recalled after 3 days and canals were rinsed again with 5 mL of the test irrigants. This was followed by obtaining a posttreatment root canal culture sample and culturing and analyzed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs). Results: Six percentage MCJ, A. indica, and 3% NaOCl showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the mean CFU counts for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria between baseline and 3 days. Conclusion: There was no difference in the antimicrobial efficacy of 6% M. citrifolia, A. indica, and 3% NaOCl as root canal irrigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Podar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav P Kulkarni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shifali S Dadu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shraddha Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shishir H Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Terna Dental College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Carbajal Mejía JB, Aguilar Arrieta A. Reduction of viableEnterococcus faecalisin human radicular dentin treated with 1% cetrimide and conventional intracanal medicaments. Dent Traumatol 2015; 32:321-7. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeison B. Carbajal Mejía
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Daniel Alcides Carrión National University; UNDAC; Pasco Peru
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics; Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Suita Japan
| | - Angela Aguilar Arrieta
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Daniel Alcides Carrión National University; UNDAC; Pasco Peru
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Moshari AA, Akhlaghi NM, Rahimifard N, Darmiani S. Reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in curved root canals after various sizes and tapers of canal preparation. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:306-9. [PMID: 26180416 PMCID: PMC4502127 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.159733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in curved root canals after various sizes and tapers of the canal preparation. Materials and Methods: Mandibular first molars (n = 103) with curved mesiobuccal canals were divided into one control (n = 5) and 7 experimental (n = 14) groups, were inoculated with E. faecalis (ATTC 29212) and prepared with the following RaCe files (FKG Dentaire) as master apical file: Groups: 25.04, 25.06, 30.04, 30.06, 35.04, 35.06 and 40.06. All the experimental groups were irrigated with 2 mL of 1% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation and finally rinsed with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (2 mL) followed by 5.25% NaOCl (2 mL) and sterile distilled water. Colony counting was performed after incubation. Statistical Analysis Used: Resulting data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, (P < 0.05). Results and Conclusions: All the experimental groups showed significant bacterial reduction (P < 0.001). Although the greater the size/taper or both led to more decreased amount of bacteria, differences between the groups with the identical size and different tapers, and among the groups with the same taper and different sizes were not significant. Based on this study, 25.04 along with using 2 mL of 1% NaOCl during instrumentation, and using 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl as final rinse successively after the termination of preparation, can effectively reduce intra-canal bacteria and preserve root structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Moshari
- Department of Endodontic, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Rahimifard
- Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Food and Drug Laboratories Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Darmiani
- Dental Research Center Department, Dental Faculty, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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MENDONÇA DHDS, COLUCCI V, RACHED-JUNIOR FJA, MIRANDA CES, SILVA-SOUSA YTC, SILVA SRCD. Effects of various irrigation/aspiration protocols on cleaning of flattened root canals. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100277. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cachovan G, Schiffner U, Altenhof S, Guentsch A, Pfister W, Eick S. Comparative antibacterial efficacies of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic irrigation systems in vitro. J Endod 2015; 39:1171-5. [PMID: 23953293 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To ensure root canal treatment success, endodontic microbiota should be efficiently reduced. The in vitro bactericidal effects of a hydrodynamic system and a passive ultrasonic irrigation system were compared. METHODS Single-rooted extracted teeth (n = 250) were contaminated with suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, mixed aerobic cultures, or mixed anaerobic cultures. First, the antibacterial effects of the hydrodynamic system (RinsEndo), a passive ultrasonic irrigation system (Piezo smart), and manual rinsing with 0.9% NaCl (the control) were compared. Colony-forming units were counted. Second, the 2 systems were used with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone or NaOCl + 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The colony-forming units in the treated and untreated roots were determined during a period of 5 days. RESULTS Both irrigation systems reduced bacterial numbers more effectively than manual rinsing (P < .001). With NaCl, ultrasonic activated irrigation reduced bacterial counts significantly better than hydrodynamic irrigation (P = .042). The NaOCl + CHX combination was more effective than NaOCl alone for both systems (P < .001), but hydrodynamic irrigation was more effective with NaOCl + CHX than the passive ultrasonic irrigation system. CONCLUSIONS Both irrigation systems, when combined with NaOCl + CHX, removed bacteria from root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Cachovan
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Endodontic disease is a biofilm-mediated infection, and primary aim in the management of endodontic disease is the elimination of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system. The most common endodontic infection is caused by the surface-associated growth of microorganisms. It is important to apply the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology to understand the pathogenic potential of the root canal microbiota as well as to form the basis for new approaches for disinfection. It is foremost to understand how the biofilm formed by root canal bacteria resists endodontic treatment measures. Bacterial etiology has been confirmed for common oral diseases such as caries and periodontal and endodontic infections. Bacteria causing these diseases are organized in biofilm structures, which are complex microbial communities composed of a great variety of bacteria with different ecological requirements and pathogenic potential. The biofilm community not only gives bacteria effective protection against the host's defense system but also makes them more resistant to a variety of disinfecting agents used as oral hygiene products or in the treatment of infections. Successful treatment of these diseases depends on biofilm removal as well as effective killing of biofilm bacteria. So, the fundamental to maintain oral health and prevent dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis is to control the oral biofilms. From these aspects, the formation of biofilms carries particular clinical significance because not only host defense mechanisms but also therapeutic efforts including chemical and mechanical antimicrobial treatment measures have the most difficult task of dealing with organisms that are gathered in a biofilm. The aim of this article was to review the mechanisms of biofilms’ formation, their roles in pulpal and periapical pathosis, the different types of biofilms, the factors influencing biofilm formation, the mechanisms of their antimicrobial resistance, techniques to identify biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Jhajharia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Vikram Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Lata Kiran Mehta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, P. D. M. Dental College and Research Institute, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
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Tewari RK, Ali S, Mishra SK, Kumar A, Andrabi SMUN, Zoya A, Alam S. Mechanical reduction of the intracanal Enterococcus faecalis population by Hyflex CM, K3XF, ProTaper Next, and two manual instrument systems: an in vitro comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:168-73. [PMID: 25424649 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, the effectiveness of three rotary and two manual nickel titanium instrument systems on mechanical reduction of the intracanal Enterococcus faecalis population was evaluated. METHODS Mandibular premolars with straight roots were selected. Teeth were decoronated and instrumented until 20 K file and irrigated with physiological saline. After sterilization by ethylene oxide gas, root canals were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups for canal instrumentation: Manual Nitiflex and Hero Shaper nickel titanium files, and rotary Hyflex CM, ProTaper Next, and K3XF nickel titanium files. Intracanal bacterial sampling was done before and after instrumentation. After serial dilution, samples were plated onto the Mitis Salivarius agar. The c.f.u. grown were counted, and log10 transformation was calculated. RESULTS All instrumentation systems significantly reduced the intracanal bacterial population after root canal preparation. ProTaper Next was found to be significantly more effective than Hyflex CM and manual Nitiflex and Hero Shaper. However, ProTaper Next showed no significant difference with K3XF. CONCLUSION Canal instrumentation by all the file systems significantly reduced the intracanal Enterococcus faecalis counts. ProTaper Next was found to be most effective in reducing the number of bacteria than other rotary or hand instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra K Tewari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra K Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Mukhtar-Un-Nisar Andrabi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asma Zoya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharique Alam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Dr Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Metzger Z. The self-adjusting file (SAF) system: An evidence-based update. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:401-19. [PMID: 25298639 PMCID: PMC4174698 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.139820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current rotary file systems are effective tools. Nevertheless, they have two main shortcomings: They are unable to effectively clean and shape oval canals and depend too much on the irrigant to do the cleaning, which is an unrealistic illusionThey may jeopardize the long-term survival of the tooth via unnecessary, excessive removal of sound dentin and creation of micro-cracks in the remaining root dentin. The new Self-adjusting File (SAF) technology uses a hollow, compressible NiTi file, with no central metal core, through which a continuous flow of irrigant is provided throughout the procedure. The SAF technology allows for effective cleaning of all root canals including oval canals, thus allowing for the effective disinfection and obturation of all canal morphologies. This technology uses a new concept of cleaning and shaping in which a uniform layer of dentin is removed from around the entire perimeter of the root canal, thus avoiding unnecessary excessive removal of sound dentin. Furthermore, the mode of action used by this file system does not apply the machining of all root canals to a circular bore, as do all other rotary file systems, and does not cause micro-cracks in the remaining root dentin. The new SAF technology allows for a new concept in cleaning and shaping root canals: Minimally Invasive 3D Endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Metzger
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gong SQ, Huang ZB, Shi W, Ma B, Tay FR, Zhou B. In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of AH Plus Incorporated with Quaternary Ammonium Epoxy Silicate against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2014; 40:1611-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antimicrobial effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma as a novel root canal disinfectant. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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