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Arias-Moliz MT, Pérez-Carrasco V, Uroz-Torres D, Santana Ramos JD, García-Salcedo JA, Soriano M. Identification of keystone taxa in root canals and periapical lesions of post-treatment endodontic infections: Next generation microbiome research. Int Endod J 2024; 57:933-942. [PMID: 38357799 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the microbiome present in root canals and periapical lesions of teeth with post-treatment infections, and to identify the presence of keystone taxa in both habitats using next-generation sequencing analysis. METHODOLOGY Apices and periapical lesions of patients with post-treatment apical periodontitis were surgically extracted. Specimens were cryo-pulverized, bacterial DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out with Mothur software, whilst diversity indices were obtained using operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The diversity indices were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and community composition differences were explored with Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). A bacterial functional study was performed with the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. Co-occurrence network analyses were performed using the Sparse Correlations for Compositional data (SparCC). Eigencentrality, clr-based abundance and ubiquitousness were applied to infer keystone taxa. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Thirty-two apices and thirty-nine periapical lesions were sequenced and analysed. A similar alpha-diversity (p < .05) and community composition (p = .91) was observed for apices and lesion samples. The most abundant OTUs identified amongst all samples included Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella loescheii, Streptococcus intermedius, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Parvimonas micra, Synergistetes bacterium, Tannerella forsythia and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. The metabolic pathways with >0.81% abundances included membrane transport, genetic information processing and metabolic pathways. F. nucleatum was identified as a keystone taxon as it showed ubiquitousness, an eigenvector centrality value of 0.83 and a clr-based abundance >4. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome in apices and periapical lesions of post-treatment endodontic infections showed a similar diversity and taxonomic composition. Co-occurrence network analyses at OTU level identified F. nucleatum as a keystone taxon candidate in these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Carrasco
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose Antonio García-Salcedo
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
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2
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Gandhe P, Aravelli S, Penigalapati S, Kasam S, Ramachandruni N, Alam S. Effect of apical foraminal enlargement on postoperative pain and inflammatory markers in asymtomatic single-rooted mandibular teeth with apical periodontitis - An in vivo randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:584-590. [PMID: 38989502 PMCID: PMC11232762 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_138_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Aim of the Study This study aims to assess the effect of apical foraminal enlargement on inflammatory markers and pain in patients with asymptomatic single-rooted mandibular teeth with apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods The study included 60 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Before beginning root canal treatment (RCT), a blood sample was obtained from the antecubital fossa to evaluate the inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Access opening was done and initial irrigation was done. Working length (WL) was determined with an electronic apex locator and verified with a radiograph. In the control group, the determined WL was maintained, while in the experimental group, the WL was set till the apical foramen. Biomechanical preparation was done in both groups till F2 or F3 based on the initial apical file, followed by final irrigation and obturation based on the master apical file size. Patients were given a Visual Analog Scale to record pain sensations at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperative. After 72 h, patients were recalled for follow-up appointments, and blood was taken from the antecubital fossa again to evaluate inflammatory markers. Statistical Analysis The resultant findings for the reduction in inflammatory markers before and after RCT with or without foraminal enlargement were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test. The pain was statistically examined with one-way "analysis of variance" and Tukey's post hoc test for inter-group comparison of pain. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). As pain in the control groups is zero before and after RCT, statistical analysis is not required as the overall pain score is zero. Results The P values of the CRP and ESR of the control group were 0.02 and 0.03, respectively, which indicates it is significant whereas the P values of the ESR and CRP of the experimental group were 0.0002 and 0.0008 which indicates it is highly significant. Results indicate that the experimental group is more effective compared to the control group in reducing inflammatory markers. Pain in the control group after RCT was zero at the end of 24, 48, and 72 h. In the experimental group, where RCT was done with apical foraminal enlargement, mild pain was present at the end of 24 h which gradually decreased at the end of 48 h and no pain was reported at the end of 72 h. Conclusion Reduction in inflammatory markers was more effective in RCT with apical enlargement than without apical enlargement. RCT with apical enlargement caused mild pain in the patients immediately after treatment which gradually decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gandhe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swathi Aravelli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sivaram Penigalapati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swetha Kasam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nimeshika Ramachandruni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sindhura Alam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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3
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Elashiry MM, Bergeron BE, Tay FR. Enterococcus faecalis in secondary apical periodontitis: Mechanisms of bacterial survival and disease persistence. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106337. [PMID: 37683835 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. However, in individuals with compromised immune systems, the pathogen can lead to severe illness. This opportunistic pathogen is associated with secondary apical diseases and is adept at resisting antibiotics and other forms of treatment because of its numerous virulence factors. Enterococcus faecalis is capable of disrupting the normal functions of immune cells, thereby hindering the body's ability to eradicate the infection. However, intensive research is needed in further understanding the adverse immunomodulatory effects of E. faecalis. Potential strategies specific for eradicating E. faecalis have proven beneficial in the treatment of persistent secondary apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Brian E Bergeron
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
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4
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Pérez-Carrasco V, Uroz-Torres D, Soriano M, Solana C, Ruiz-Linares M, Garcia-Salcedo JA, Arias-Moliz MT. Microbiome in paired root apices and periapical lesions and its association with clinical signs in persistent apical periodontitis using next-generation sequencing. Int Endod J 2023; 56:622-636. [PMID: 36689323 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess and compare the microbiome of paired root apices and periapical lesions from cases with failed endodontic treatment and to associate the microbiome and bacterial metabolic pathways in both sites with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP), using next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODOLOGY Matched root apices and periapical lesions of patients with failed root canal treatments were surgically extracted. Specimens were cryopulverized, bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. Diversity and community composition were studied in the paired samples, as well as in AAP and SAP cases. Diversity indices were compared in each case by means of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. Differences in the community composition were explored with multivariate statistical analysis and Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe). Bacterial functional study was performed through the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. RESULTS Twenty-one paired apices and lesions were successfully sequenced and analysed, identifying a total of 21 phyla and 600 genera. A higher alpha-diversity was observed in the periapical lesions, although no global differences in the community composition between the two sites were found (p = .87), the most prevalent genera being Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Streptococcus. Prevotella, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, Bosea, Phreatobacter, Afipia and Xanthobacteriaceae_unclassified were enriched in SAP samples, while Pseudopropionibacterium, Campylobacter and Peptoniphilus were significantly more abundant in AAP cases (p < .05). Metabolic pathways involved in the amino acid metabolism or degradation and flagellum assembly were more abundant in SAP samples, whereas glucose metabolism-related pathways were associated with AAP. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial community composition was similar in the apices and periapical lesions. The microbiome was different in AAP and SAP samples, gram-negative bacteria showing higher relative abundances in SAP cases. An association was observed between amino acid degradation and flagellum assembly pathways, and the development of tenderness to percussion or palpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pérez-Carrasco
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - David Uroz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Private Practice, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Center for Research in Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Carmen Solana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Private Practice, Granada, Spain
| | - Matilde Ruiz-Linares
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Stomatology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Garcia-Salcedo
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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5
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Chaudhari PS, Chandak MG, Jaiswal AA, Ikhar A. Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of three retrograde filling materials in teeth with root apices resected at 90°: Mineral trioxide aggregate Angelus, Zirconomer, and Bioactive bone cement. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:605-609. [PMID: 36591585 PMCID: PMC9795682 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_268_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical endodontic dissatisfaction is frequently caused by an inadequate seal at the apex. The retrograde filling material utilized should prevent any contaminants from seeping into the periradicular tissue. Aim (1) To evaluate push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Zirconomer, and Bioactive bone cement as root-end filling material, (2) To compare push-out bond strength of three different retrograde filling materials with a universal testing machine. Materials and Methods At the cementoenamel junction, 36 removed upper anterior teeth were sliced horizontally. The samples were resected 3 mm at the apical end at a 90° angle along the long axis of the tooth, following the standard protocols. With an ultrasonic tip S12 90ND, a 3 mm root-end cavity was made. The teeth were then divided into three groups at random: Group 1: MTA Angelus, Group 2: Zirconomer, and Group 3: Bioactive bone cement. With the help of small pluggers, each material was compacted in the root-end cavity. Acrylic resin was used to embed the specimens. Each specimen's apical section was sliced into 2-mm thick slices perpendicular to the long axis. A universal testing equipment was used to apply a compressive push-out load, and the push-out bond strength was determined in megapascals. Results Zirconomer showed higher push-out bond strength when placed in the retrograde cavity preparation, followed by MTA Angelus and then Bioactive bone cement. Conclusion Zirconomer showed superior resistance to dislodgment when compared to MTA Angelus, followed by Bioactive bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Sandeep Chaudhari
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMSDU, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Akshay Ajay Jaiswal
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMSDU, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuja Ikhar
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, DMIMSDU, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Chi Y, Wang Y, Ji M, Li Y, Zhu H, Yan Y, Fu D, Zou L, Ren B. Natural products from traditional medicine as promising agents targeting at different stages of oral biofilm development. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955459. [PMID: 36033896 PMCID: PMC9411938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity is an ideal habitat for more than 1,000 species of microorganisms. The diverse oral microbes form biofilms over the hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity, affecting the oral ecological balance and the development of oral diseases, such as caries, apical periodontitis, and periodontitis. Currently, antibiotics are the primary agents against infectious diseases; however, the emergence of drug resistance and the disruption of oral microecology have challenged their applications. The discovery of new antibiotic-independent agents is a promising strategy against biofilm-induced infections. Natural products from traditional medicine have shown potential antibiofilm activities in the oral cavity with high safety, cost-effectiveness, and minimal adverse drug reactions. Aiming to highlight the importance and functions of natural products from traditional medicine against oral biofilms, here we summarized and discussed the antibiofilm effects of natural products targeting at different stages of the biofilm formation process, including adhesion, proliferation, maturation, and dispersion, and their effects on multi-species biofilms. The perspective of antibiofilm agents for oral infectious diseases to restore the balance of oral microecology is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengzhen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hualing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zou,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Biao Ren,
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Kim JY, Choi W, Mangal U, Seo JY, Kang TY, Lee J, Kim T, Cha JY, Lee KJ, Kim KM, Kim JM, Kim D, Kwon JS, Hong J, Choi SH. Multivalent network modifier upregulates bioactivity of multispecies biofilm-resistant polyalkenoate cement. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:219-233. [PMID: 35310353 PMCID: PMC8897648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yun Kang
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Mason Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Sharma G, Garg N, Hasan S, Shirodkar S. Prevotella: An insight into its characteristics and associated virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105673. [PMID: 35843443 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella species, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, is commonly associated with human infections such as dental caries and periodontitis, as well as other conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis, bite-related infections, rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal diseases like ulcerative colitis. This generally harmless commensal possesses virulence factors such as adhesins, hemolysins, secretion systems exopolysaccharide, LPS, proteases, quorum sensing molecules and antibiotic resistance to evolve into a well-adapted pathogen capable of causing successful infection and proliferation in the host tissue. This review describes several of these virulence factors and their advantage to Prevotella spp. in causing inflammatory diseases like periodontitis. In addition, using genome analysis of Prevotella reference strains, we examined other putative virulence determinants which can provide insights as biomarkers and be the targets for effective interventions in Prevotella related diseases like periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Nancy Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sheetal Shirodkar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida Campus, Noida, 201313, India.
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9
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Ricucci D, Milovidova I, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Surgical management of a lateral lesion refractory to root canal retreatment caused by an extraradicular calculus. A case report. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:183-191. [PMID: 35644940 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the management of a root canal-treated maxillary central incisor displaying a radiographic lateral radiolucency and a sinus tract that persisted irrespective of root canal retreatment following high standards. Endodontic microsurgery was indicated and curettage of the pathologic tissue revealed a calculus-like material attached to the outer root surface around the exit of a large lateral canal. A non-conventional approach was chosen: No root-end resection was conducted. Instead, the calculus was removed and the apical surface was scaled and smoothed, conserving the apical structure. Retrocavities were prepared in both lateral and apical foramens and filled with a bioceramic material. Follow-up examination showed optimal soft tissue healing. One-year follow-up of radiographs revealed healing of the lateral lesion. The lesion was diagnosed as a cyst, with an infected lumen. An exuberant calculus-like material attached to the external root surface was the most likely cause of the recalcitrant lateral periradicular lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
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10
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Evidence on the Use of Mouthwash for the Control of Supragingival Biofilm and Its Potential Adverse Effects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060727. [PMID: 35740134 PMCID: PMC9219991 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial mouthwash improves supragingival biofilm control when used in conjunction with mechanical removal as part of an oral hygiene routine. Mouthwash is intended to suppress bacterial adhesion during biofilm formation processes and is not aimed at mature biofilms. The most common evidence-based effects of mouthwash on the subgingival biofilm include the inhibition of biofilm accumulation and its anti-gingivitis property, followed by its cariostatic activities. There has been no significant change in the strength of the evidence over the last decade. A strategy for biofilm control that relies on the elimination of bacteria may cause a variety of side effects. The exposure of mature oral biofilms to mouthwash is associated with several possible adverse reactions, such as the emergence of resistant strains, the effects of the residual structure, enhanced pathogenicity following retarded penetration, and ecological changes to the microbiota. These concerns require further elucidation. This review aims to reconfirm the intended effects of mouthwash on oral biofilm control by summarizing systematic reviews from the last decade and to discuss the limitations of mouthwash and potential adverse reactions to its use. In the future, the strategy for oral biofilm control may shift to reducing the biofilm by detaching it or modulating its quality, rather than eliminating it, to preserve the benefits of the normal resident oral microflora.
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11
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Present status and future directions - microbiology of endodontic infections. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 3:512-530. [PMID: 34958494 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association with apical periodontitis, but bacteria are by far the most prevalent and dominant microorganisms in endodontic infections. Bacterial infection of the root canal system only occurs when the pulp is necrotic or was removed for previous treatment. In some specific cases, including acute and chronic abscesses, the bacterial infection may reach the periradicular tissues. Intracanal bacteria are usually observed as sessile multispecies communities (biofilms) attached to the dentinal root canal walls. Infection in the main root canal lumen can spread to other areas of the root canal system. Although more than 500 bacterial species have been detected in endodontic infections, a selected group of 20 to 30 species are most frequently detected and may be considered as the core microbiome. There is a high interindividual variability in the endodontic microbiome in terms of species composition and relative abundance. Obligate anaerobic species are more abundant in the intraradicular bacterial communities of teeth with primary apical periodontitis, while both anaerobes and facultatives dominate the communities in post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacterial interactions play an essential role in determining the overall virulence of the community, which has been regarded as the unit of pathogenicity of apical periodontitis. This article reviews the microbiologic aspects of endodontic infections and provides perspectives for future research and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, and Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Lin X, Chi D, Gong Q, Tong Z. An in vitro study on the effects of serum proteins on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion to three types of root sealers and gutta-percha. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:622. [PMID: 34876112 PMCID: PMC8650416 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extrusion of overfilled materials that extend beyond the apical foramina into the periradicular tissue may serve as a reservoir for bacterial adhesion and further affect recovery from periapical diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of serum proteins on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion and survival on the surface of a calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer (Apexit Plus), an epoxy resin sealer (AH-Plus) and a bioceramic sealer (iRoot SP). METHODS Apexit Plus, AH-Plus and iRoot SP were evenly coated on gutta-percha, using gutta-percha alone as the control. After root canal sealer setting, the number of E. faecalis adhering to the root canal sealers and gutta-percha was counted in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% glucose (TSBG) by viable cell plate counts. The morphology of 7-day-old E. faecalis biofilms in FSB and TSBG was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, E. faecalis biofilms on the three root canal sealers were labeled with a LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit, and the ratios of viable to dead cells were analyzed using laser scanning microscopy operative software (Zen software). RESULTS In the assays, after 1 and 7 days, the number of E. faecalis adhering to the root canal sealers or gutta-percha in FBS were significantly lower than those in TSBG (P < 0.05). In FBS, E. faecalis adhesion to iRoot SP and gutta-percha was reduced to a greater extent than that adhered to Apexit Plus and AH-Plus. Few E. faecalis accumulated on iRoot SP in FBS, whereas many bacteria assembled on iRoot SP and formed biofilms in TSBG. The ratio of viable cells in the E. faecalis biofilm on iRoot SP was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers, epoxy resin sealers and bioceramic sealers may provide a substrate for E. faecalis adhesion, and the bioceramic sealer in this study showed the least E. faecalis adhesion in the presence of serum proteins compared to the other two sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danlu Chi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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de Freitas Portela FSM, De Martin AS, Pelegrine RA, Gutmann JL, Kato AS, Bueno CEDS. Effect of Foraminal Enlargement on Postoperative Pain in Necrotic Single-Rooted Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2021; 47:1046-1051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Machado R, Vigarani G, Macoppi T, Pawar A, Glaci Reinke SM, Kovalik Gonçalves AC. Extrusion of debris with and without intentional foraminal enlargement - A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:741-748. [PMID: 34146366 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was sought to assess whether intentional foraminal enlargement (IFE) is responsible for extrusion of a larger quantity of debris from extracted human teeth with fully formed apexes. Following the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PRISMA, electronic and manual searches were performed to identify studies that evaluated the extrusion of debris, comparing different apical limits of instrumentation (with/without IFE). The quality of the studies selected was evaluated, and statistical analysis was conducted. To perform the meta-analysis, just 3 papers could be used. The heterogeneity was high, however; there was no statistically significant difference in relation to the extrusion of debris in teeth either submitted or not submitted to IFE. The general risk of bias was moderate. In conclusion, IFE is not responsible for extrusion of a larger quantity of debris from extracted human teeth with fully formed apexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Machado
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislayne Vigarani
- Student of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tainara Macoppi
- Student of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ajinkya Pawar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Stella Maria Glaci Reinke
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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A Conservative Management Approach for Unusual Presentation of Oral Actinomycosis. Case Rep Dent 2021; 2021:5570758. [PMID: 34113468 PMCID: PMC8154279 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is gram-positive saprophytic infection that is characterized by chronic suppurative and granulomatous lesion. It could be found in the oral cavity, lungs, colon, and genital area. In the oral cavity, it is commonly associated with infected root canals presented as persistent infections. This case reports demonstrate an atypical presentation of actinomycosis in the lower left mandibular canine/premolar area showing painless soft tissue lesion associated with bone sequestration. Nonsurgical curettage of the lesion followed by nonsurgical root canal treatment and retreatment to the offended teeth was determined as the treatment modality for this case.
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16
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Bactericidal effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on endodontic biofilm: An ex vivo study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112185. [PMID: 33819769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This ex vivo study aimed to evaluate the of Er,Cr:YSGG laser effectiveness in the decontamination of an endodontic biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three single rooted human teeth, freshly were chosen. Each tooth was exposed to four associated species in an endodontic biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia) and randomly allocated to one of the seven experimental groups. The group 1 (7 teeth) was used to finalize the reliable biofilm-forming technique. The groups 2 and 3 (15 teeth each group) were irradiated with two different Er;Cr:YSGG laser settings (0,75 W - 40 Hz and 4 W - 40 Hz, respectively). The groups 4 and 5 (15 teeth each group) were irrigated with two different solutions and laser irradiated with the same settings (1,5 W - 15 Hz). The group 6 (6 teeth) was the control group treated only with 4 ml 2,5% NaOCl irrigation during 60 s. RESULTS The observations of group 2 and 3 specimens showed the ripeness of the biofilm with the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus salivarius in chains but in group 3 thermal edge effects produced by the optic fiber in the canal walls were present. The group 4 specimens observation showed an average cleaning of the root canal walls while on the canal walls of group 5 samples the apical third presented several debris and smear layer and in the centre cracks and melting dentin of the radicular wall were observed. CONCLUSION In those experimental conditions, this study, demonstrated that Er,Cr:YSGG laser has a canals decontamination ability when associated to NaOCl irrigation.
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Prevalence and risk factors of Apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth: cross-sectional study in an Adult Moroccan subpopulation. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33731077 PMCID: PMC7968314 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of Apical periodontitis in a Moroccan Adult subpopulation with a non-surgical root canal treatment and to assess associated risk factors including endodontic treatment quality, periodontal health status, coronal restoration cavity design and quality.
Methods A total of 358 endodontically treated teeth were evaluated after more than 1-year period in a Moroccan subpopulation according to predetermined criteria. Studied parameters were assessed clinically and radiographically. The association between coronal restoration quality, cavity design, periodontal status, root canal filling quality, coronal restoration related features, presence or absence of the opposing dentition and the periapical status was determined. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, odds ratio and logistic regression. Results The present study revealed that gingival health, coronal restoration with CL II cavity design, and root canal filling quality influenced periapical status of endodontically treated teeth. Multivariate analysis showed that this association was statistically significant for gingival inflammation (95% CI 1.08–3.91, OR 2.05, p = 0.02), inadequate coronal restoration (95% CI 1.16–4.04, OR 2.16, p = 0.01), inadequate root canal filling length and homogeneity (95% CI 1.24–3.01, OR 1.93, P = 0.004), (95% CI 1.41–4.44, OR 2.50, p = 0.002) respectively. Conclusions The present study revealed that inadequate coronal restorations especially with large proximal margins (CL II cavity design) and gingival inflammation increased the risk of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth. Prevalence of Apical periodontitis in the present study was 72.1%.
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18
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Rusu D, Stratul SI, Calniceanu H, Boariu M, Ogodescu A, Milicescu S, Didilescu A, Roman A, Surlin P, Locovei C, Chiperi M, Solomon S, Nica L. A qualitative and semiquantitative SEM study of the morphology of the biofilm on root surfaces of human teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:201. [PMID: 33133249 PMCID: PMC7593830 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved to be invaluable for ultrastructural investigation, allowing imaging of the overall appearance and/or specific features of oral biofilms, e.g., microbial colonies and individual cells, glycocalyx, the presence of inorganic products. The aim of this study was the observation and evaluation of the morphology of the biofilm of endodontic-periodontal lesions (EPL) with a modified protocol involving a simplified histologic sample preparation and a low-vacuum SEM examination method. Twenty-one teeth with endodontic-periodontal involvement, extracted for periodontal reasons, were carefully washed with saline, underwent fixation in modified Karnovsky solution and were dehydrated in alcohol series. Samples were examined under low-vacuum SEM. Radicular surfaces were evaluated qualitatively and semiquantitatively for several characteristics, including the presence of bacterial types, the biofilm morphology and the content of root resorptions. Radicular surfaces were divided in four conventional zones Surfaces were evaluated for several characteristics: Presence of bacterial types, biofilm morphology, presence of root resorptions. High-quality images, relevant for endodontic-periodontal biofilms were collected. Continuous, established biofilm was found on all examined surfaces, its detection varying from 19% of the samples on the wall of cemental cone to 52.3% on the radicular surface of the periodontal pocket. Observed microorganisms included cocci, rods an filaments. Spirils and motile bacteria were only accidentally found. SEM investigation of surfaces involved in EPL revealed less surfaces covered by mature biofilm (in only 28.5% of the samples in the ‘transition zone’), especially rods and filaments associated with cemental resorptions and calculus. Biofilm elements were better represented in periodontal pockets than in other zones of EPL (detected in up to 81% of the samples). A strong correlation between mature biofilm and the presence of cocci appears on all investigated zones (P<0.01). Microbiota appeared to be morphologically similar in apical and periodontal areas, especially in old EPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Horia Calniceanu
- Department of Periodontology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ogodescu
- Department of Pedodontics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan Milicescu
- Department of Prosthodontics, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cosmin Locovei
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara 300006, Romania
| | | | - Sorina Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700020 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Nica
- Department of Endodontics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Morphologic Changes of Apical Foramen and Microcrack Formation after Foraminal Enlargement: A Scanning Electron Microscopic and Micro–computed Tomographic Analysis. J Endod 2020; 46:1726-1732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Matsui S, Yoneda N, Maezono H, Kuremoto K, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Yumoto H, Ebisu S, Noiri Y, Hayashi M. Assessment of the functional efficacy of root canal treatment with high-frequency waves in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239660. [PMID: 32991601 PMCID: PMC7523981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a high-frequency wave therapy model in rats and to investigate the influence of high-frequency waves on root canal treatment, which may provide a novel strategy for treating apical periodontitis. Root canal treatments with and without high-frequency wave irradiation were performed on the mandibular first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats. The mesial roots were evaluated radiologically, bacteriologically, and immunohistochemically. At 3 weeks after root canal treatment, lesion volume had decreased significantly more in the irradiated group than in the non-irradiated group, indicating successful development of the high-frequency therapy model. The use of high-frequency waves provided no additional bactericidal effect after root canal treatment. However, high-frequency wave irradiation was found to promote healing of periapical lesions on the host side through increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 and transforming growth factor-β1 and could therefore be useful as an adjuvant nonsurgical treatment for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Matsui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Yoneda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsutaka Kuremoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Greene AC, Acharya AP, Lee SB, Gottardi R, Zaleski E, Little SR. Cranberry extract-based formulations for preventing bacterial biofilms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1144-1155. [PMID: 32783154 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Generating formulations for the delivery of a mixture of natural compounds extracted from natural sources is a challenge because of unknown active and inactive ingredients and possible interactions between them. As one example, natural cranberry extracts have been proposed for the prevention of biofilm formation on dental pellicle or teeth. However, such extracts may contain phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides along with other constituents like coumaroyl iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, alpha-linolenic acid, n-6 (or n-3) fatty acids, and crude fiber. Due to the presence of a variety of compounds, determining which molecules (and how many molecules) are essential for preventing biofilm growth is nontrivial to ascertain. Therefore, a formulation that could contain natural, unrefined, cranberry extract (with all its constituent compounds) at high loading would be ideal. Accordingly, we have generated several candidate formulations including poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based microencapsulation of cranberry extract (CE15) as well as formulations including stearic acid along with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or Ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) complexed with cranberry extracts (CE15). We found that stearic acid in combination with PVP or LAE as excipients led to higher loading of the active and inactive compounds in CE15 as compared with a PLGA microencapsulation and also sustained release of CE15 in a tunable manner. Using this method, we have been able to generate two successful formulations (one preventative based, one treatment based) that effectively inhibit biofilm growth when incubated with saliva. In addition to cranberry extract, this technique could also be a promising candidate for other natural extracts to form controlled release systems.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee C Greene
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85284, USA
| | - Sang B Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Ri.MED Foundation, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Erin Zaleski
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Health, Skillman, NJ, 08558, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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22
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Asnaashari M, Meyari A, Hajrezai R, Paymanpour P, Behrooz N. Low-Pressure Radiofrequency Cold Plasma for Disinfection of Gutta-Percha Cones. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.5.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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23
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Dioguardi M, Alovisi M, Crincoli V, Aiuto R, Malagnino G, Quarta C, Laneve E, Sovereto D, Lo Russo L, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. Prevalence of the Genus Propionibacterium in Primary and Persistent Endodontic Lesions: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030739. [PMID: 32182900 PMCID: PMC7141369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium are anaerobic/aero-tolerant rod Gram-positive bacteria, and numerous studies are associated with primary and secondary endodontic infections. The data in the literature on the prevalence of Propionibacterium are conflicting, and there are studies that report conflicting data on the prevalence in primary and secondary endodontic infections. This review aims to clarify the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium in endodontic lesions. The present systematic review work was performed on the basis of the Prisma protocol. A search was carried out on the PubMed and Scopus databases with the use of keywords. The research produced 410 records, which, after the elimination of the overlaps and the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to a number of 36 included articles divided by the three outcomes. The first outcome concerns prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium in primary and secondary endodontic lesions. The secondary outcome, differences in the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium between primary endodontic infections and secondary endodontic infections. The tertiary outcome, differences in the prevalence of Propionibacterium Acnes compared to Propionibacterium propionicum in endodontic infections. The results of the meta-analysis show that the genus Propionibacterium bacteria are more prevalent in secondary endodontic infections and that P. Acnes has a higher prevalence than P. propionicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Alovisi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Division of Complex Operating Unit of Dentistry, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Aiuto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Malagnino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Cristian Quarta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Enrica Laneve
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Diego Sovereto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.Q.); (E.L.); (D.S.); (L.L.R.); (G.T.); (L.L.M.)
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Suzuki Y, Ohsumi T, Isono T, Nagata R, Hasegawa T, Takenaka S, Terao Y, Noiri Y. Effects of a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate on the development of in vitro multi-species biofilms. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:146-158. [PMID: 32182151 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1739271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Following antimicrobial administrations in oral environments, bacteria become exposed to a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC), which can induce in vitro single-species biofilms. This study explored the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) at a sub-MIC on in vitro multi-species biofilms comprising Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii. CHG at a sub-MIC was found to induce in vitro biofilm growth, although the bacterial growth was not significantly different from that in the control. The gene transcription related to S. mutans multi-species biofilm formation with CHG at a sub-MIC was significantly higher than that of the control, but this was not found in S. mutans single-species biofilms. The bio-volume of extracellular polysaccharides with CHG at a sub-MIC was significantly higher than that of the control. This suggests that CHG at a sub-MIC may promote the development of multi-species biofilms by affecting the gene transcription related to S. mutans biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Suzuki
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohsumi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagata
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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The influence of apical extent of root canal obturation on endodontic therapy outcome: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:2005-2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yoo YJ, Perinpanayagam H, Oh S, Kim AR, Han SH, Kum KY. Endodontic biofilms: contemporary and future treatment options. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e7. [PMID: 30834229 PMCID: PMC6387897 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated infection. The biofilm protects bacteria from host defenses and increase their resistance to intracanal disinfecting protocols. Understanding the virulence of these endodontic microbiota within biofilm is essential for the development of novel therapeutic procedures for intracanal disinfection. Both the disruption of biofilms and the killing of their bacteria are necessary to effectively treat apical periodontitis. Accordingly, a review of endodontic biofilm types, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and current and future therapeutic procedures for endodontic biofilm is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Soram Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Genc Sen O, Kaya M. Effect of Root Canal Disinfection with a Diode Laser on Postoperative Pain After Endodontic Retreatment. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:85-90. [PMID: 31050927 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the influence of root canal disinfection with a 940-nm diode laser on the intensity of pain after endodontic retreatment. Background data: Microorganisms are the most common causes of tooth pain. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to explore the effect of disinfection techniques on postoperative pain. Methods: Eighty-four patients scheduled for endodontic retreatment were allocated to two groups in a 1:1 ratio (n = 42 each). After root canal filling removal and chemomechanical procedures, the root canals were disinfected with a 940-nm diode laser in one group [laser disinfection (LD) group]. In the other group, a mock application of laser was made with the power off [pseudo-laser disinfection (PLD) group]. All retreatment procedures were completed in a single visit. The patients assessed their pain levels at 24, 48, and 72 h after retreatment using a numeric rating scale. The number of analgesic pills used during this period was also recorded. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Postoperative pain on the first 2 days was significantly lesser in the LD group than in the PLD group (p < 0.05), and the difference became insignificant on the third day (p > 0.05). Moreover, analgesic intake over 3 days and pain on percussion on the fourth day were significantly lesser in the LD group than in the PLD group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Elimination of microorganisms from root canals is important for preventing postoperative complications. Our findings suggest that diode LD can reduce postoperative pain and provide comfort after endodontic retreatment. This study is registered in www.ClinicalTrials.gov database with the identifier number NCT03584880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Genc Sen
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Melih Kaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Kuang X, Chen V, Xu X. Novel Approaches to the Control of Oral Microbial Biofilms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6498932. [PMID: 30687755 PMCID: PMC6330817 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6498932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated virulence compared with planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven effective in the disruption/inhibition of oral biofilm. However, the challenge of precisely and continuously eliminating the specific pathogens without disturbing the microbial ecology still exists, which is a major factor in determining the virulence of a multispecies microbial consortium and the consequent development of oral infectious diseases. Therefore, several novel approaches are being developed to inhibit biofilm virulence without necessarily inducing microbial dysbiosis of the oral cavity. Nanoparticles, such as pH-responsive enzyme-mimic nanoparticles, have been developed to specifically target the acidic niches within the oral biofilm where tooth demineralization readily occurs, in effect controlling dental caries. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) such as dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), when incorporated into dental adhesives or resin composite, have also shown excellent and durable antimicrobial activity and thus could effectively inhibit the occurrence of secondary caries. In addition, custom-designed small molecules, natural products and their derivatives, as well as basic amino acids such as arginine, have demonstrated ecological effects by modulating the virulence of the oral biofilm without universally killing the commensal bacteria, indicating a promising approach to the management of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. This article aims to introduce these novel approaches that have shown potential in the control of oral biofilm. These methods may be utilized in the near future to effectively promote the clinical management of oral infectious diseases and thus benefit oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | | | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Shimizu R, Tanaka K, Oikawa Y, Tomioka H, Kayamori K, Ikeda T, Yoshioka T, Ebihara A, Harada H. Epithelioid cell granuloma with caseating necrosis possibly caused by periapical periodontitis: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:365. [PMID: 30537983 PMCID: PMC6290520 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelioid cell granuloma with caseating necrosis is a typical pathological finding in tuberculosis. While specific inflammation, including that related to tuberculosis, can induce caseating granuloma formation, there have been very few reports on the induction of caseating granuloma by non-specific inflammation. Chronic periapical periodontitis is usually related to bacterial biofilm formation as well as fungal or viral infection in the periapical lesion. However, it is difficult to eliminate these extraradicular pathogenic microbes by normal endodontic therapy alone, and more invasive surgical removal is almost always required. Case presentation Here we describe the case of a 30-year-old Japanese woman who had suffered from dull pain related to periapical periodontitis for approximately 10 years. Although the causal tooth had been previously extracted at the Department of Oral Surgery of another hospital in 2015, inflammation of the surrounding tissue had not abated. She was referred to our hospital in May 2016 and underwent surgical debridement via an intra/extraoral approach under general anesthesia. A caseating granuloma accompanied by a small amount of fungi was histopathologically confirmed in the excised specimen. Her inflammation has not been exacerbated since the operation. Conclusions This is the first report in which non-specific inflammation is shown to induce caseating granuloma arising in the jaw. Our report also highlights the importance of sufficient root canal treatment during the first stage of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Shimizu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kae Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Yu Oikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomioka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Section of Diagnostic Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Section of Diagnostic Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takatomo Yoshioka
- Yoshioka Dental Office, 2-3-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Arata Ebihara
- Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Influence of foraminal enlargement on the healing of periapical lesions in rat molars. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1985-1991. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ricucci D, Lopes WS, Loghin S, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Large Bacterial Floc Causing an Independent Extraradicular Infection and Posttreatment Apical Periodontitis: A Case Report. J Endod 2018; 44:1308-1316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Yaylali IE, Demirci GK, Kurnaz S, Celik G, Kaya BU, Tunca YM. Does Maintaining Apical Patency during Instrumentation Increase Postoperative Pain or Flare-up Rate after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Endod 2018; 44:1228-1236. [PMID: 29935875 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of maintaining apical patency (AP) is a controversial issue in endodontics. The primary objectives of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were to determine the influence of maintaining AP during instrumentation on postoperative pain severity and the prevalence of flare-ups. A second objective was to assess the effect of maintaining AP on the use of analgesics. METHODS RCTs and controlled clinical trials were searched for in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library. Four reviewers independently screened all identified articles for eligibility. The included studies were assessed for bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the quality of the body of evidence. Because of the considerable heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis was not possible. Therefore, the results were analyzed narratively. RESULTS Five RCTs that included a total of 848 patients were found eligible and included in the review. An assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies provided results that classified the studies as showing a low risk (n = 1), high risk (n = 1), or unclear risk (n = 3) of bias. The available evidence indicated that maintaining AP (1) did not increase postoperative pain in teeth with nonvital pulp, (2) did not increase postoperative pain in teeth with vital pulp, and (3) did not cause (0%) flare-ups. The available evidence also indicated that maintaining AP did not increase analgesic use. The available evidence indicated that maintaining AP did not increase postoperative pain when a single-visit or 2-visit root canal treatment approach was used. CONCLUSIONS In light of the current evidence, maintaining AP does not increase postoperative pain in teeth with vital/nonvital pulp when compared with nonapical patency (low to moderate quality evidence). Furthermore, maintaining AP did not cause flare-ups (low evidence) and did not increase analgesic use (moderate evidence).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Safa Kurnaz
- Department of Endodontics, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Gul Celik
- Department of Endodontics, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Yamaguchi M, Noiri Y, Itoh Y, Komichi S, Yagi K, Uemura R, Naruse H, Matsui S, Kuriki N, Hayashi M, Ebisu S. Factors that cause endodontic failures in general practices in Japan. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29703201 PMCID: PMC5924503 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial biofilms that develop on root surfaces outside apical foramens have been found to be associated with refractory periapical periodontitis. However, several other factors cause endodontic failures apart from extraradicular biofilms. The aim of this study was to identify the factors causing endodontic failures in general practices in Japan. METHODS Patients diagnosed as having refractory periapical periodontitis by general practitioners and who requested endodontic treatment at Osaka University Dental Hospital were selected by checking medical records from April 2009 to March 2013. Factors causing endodontic failures were identified. RESULTS A total of 103 teeth were selected, and 76 teeth completed root-canal treatment. Tooth extractions were required for 18 teeth after or without endodontic treatment. Six teeth required apicoectomy after endodontic treatment. One tooth needed hemisection. One tooth needed intentional replantation. One tooth needed adhesion and replantation. The main causes of treatment failure were open apices (24 teeth), perforation (18 teeth), and root fracture (13 teeth). In six teeth with open apices that required apicoectomy or extraction, extraradicular biofilms may have been related to endodontic failure. CONCLUSIONS Most endodontic cases diagnosed with refractory periapical periodontitis by general practitioners were compromised by any other factors rather than extraradicular biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Itoh
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shungo Komichi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yagi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reo Uemura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Naruse
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Matsui
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanako Kuriki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Li FC, Kishen A. Microtissue engineering root canal dentine with crosslinked biopolymeric nanoparticles for mechanical stabilization. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1171-1180. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.-C. Li
- Faculty of Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry; Dental Research Institute; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Yaylali IE, Kurnaz S, Tunca YM. Maintaining Apical Patency Does Not Increase Postoperative Pain in Molars with Necrotic Pulp and Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod 2018; 44:335-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Forough Reyhani M, Rezagholizadeh Y, Narimani MR, Rezagholizadeh L, Mazani M, Barhaghi MHS, Mahmoodzadeh Y. Antibacterial effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canals. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 11:215-221. [PMID: 29354247 PMCID: PMC5768953 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2017.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution in reducing bacterial growth in Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canals.
Methods. The root canals of maxillary central incisors of 104 subjects underwent chemomechanical debridement. In order to remove the smear layer, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution was used for 3 minutes in the root canals. Then, the samples were immersed in 1 mL of 17% EDTA for 3 minutes. Finally, the root canals were irrigated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. After removing the smear layer, the samples were sterilized. Then E. faecalis biofilms formed within the root canals at 4-, 6-, and 10-week intervals were evaluated. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups in terms of the antibacterial treatment: group 1: 1% NaOCl solution; group 2: 2.5% NaOCl solution; group 3: 5.25% NaOCl solution; and group 4: PBS solution. After preparation of root canal filings, the counts of live bacteria were calculated through the classic method of counting, i.e. colony forming units (CFU), followed by the analysis of data.
Results. In groups 2 and 3, there was no bacterial growth due to complete removal of E. faecalis biofilms (P<0001), while the bacterial counts in group 1 at 4-, 6- and 10-week intervals decreased compared to the control group.
Conclusion. The bacterial cells in mature and old biofilms have higher resistance to 1% NaOCl solution compared to the young biofilms. However, the 2.5% and 5.25% NaOCl solutions caused complete inhibition of the growth of E. faecalis biofilm in all the stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Forough Reyhani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Narimani
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Rezagholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Yavar Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Tinoco JM, Liss N, Zhang H, Nissan R, Gordon W, Tinoco E, Sassone L, Stevens R. Antibacterial effect of genetically-engineered bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)P nisA on dentin infected with antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Arch Oral Biol 2017. [PMID: 28646693 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium, which is present in 30-89% of teeth with postendodontic treatment failures. E. faecalis is capable of penetrating dentinal tubules and surviving as a monoculture after conventional endodontic therapy, indicating that it is resistant to commonly used endodontic disinfection protocols. Different E. faecalis strains have shown resistance to several antibiotics, and have been associated with both dental pathology and systemic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a genetically engineered bacteriophage to disinfect dentin infected with antibiotic resistant strains of E. faecalis. METHODS Extracted human dentin root segments were cemented into sealable two-chamber devices, fabricated from syringe needle caps to form in vitro infected-dentin models. The models were inoculated with an overnight suspension of either E. faecalis V583 (vancomycin resistant strain) or E. faecalis JH2-2 (fusidic acid and rifampin resistant, vancomycin sensitive strain). After 7days of incubation at 37°C, a suspension of a genetically engineered phage, ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA, was added to the root canal of each infected dentin segment, and the incubation was continued for an additional 72-h. Dentin was harvested from the walls of each root canal and assayed for the residual titer of E. faecalis cells. RESULTS The recovered E. faecalis titer was reduced by 18% for the JH2-2 infected models, and by 99% for the V583 infected models. CONCLUSION Treatment: of E. faecalis-infected dentin with bacteriophage ϕEf11/ϕFL1C(Δ36)PnisA consistently resulted in a decrease in the residual bacterial population of both vancomycin-sensitive and resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Monnerat Tinoco
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Liss
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Laboratory of Oral Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Roni Nissan
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wanda Gordon
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Eduardo Tinoco
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sassone
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Roy Stevens
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Laboratory of Oral Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Yoneda N, Noiri Y, Matsui S, Kuremoto K, Maezono H, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Ebisu S, Hayashi M. Development of a root canal treatment model in the rat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3315. [PMID: 28607360 PMCID: PMC5468248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Root canal treatment is performed to treat apical periodontitis, and various procedures and techniques are currently used. Although animal models have been used in the developmental research of root canal treatment, little of this research has used small animals such as rats, because of their small size. In this study, root canal treatment was performed on the rat mandibular first molar, which had four root canals, using a microscope, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated bacteriologically, radiologically and histopathologically. By performing root canal treatment, the level of bacteria in the mesial root of the treated teeth was reduced by 75% compared with the control. Additionally, the volume of the periapical lesions of the treated teeth as measured by micro-computed tomography decreased significantly 2 weeks after the root canal treatment when compared with the control. Histological evidence of healing was observed in the treatment group 8 weeks after root canal treatment. These results suggest that a root canal treatment model using rats can be used in developmental research for novel methods of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomichi Yoneda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Saori Matsui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Kuremoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Department of Biomaterials and Structural Materials Design, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Department of Biomaterials and Structural Materials Design, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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Janani M, Jafari F, Samiei M, Lotfipour F, Nakhlband A, Ghasemi N, Salari T. Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy vs. 2.5% NaOCl against E. faecalis-infected Root Canals Using Real-time PCR Technique. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e539-e544. [PMID: 28469819 PMCID: PMC5410674 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria like E. faecalis can produce intra- and extra-radicular biofilms. Theoretically, the adjustable penetration ability of lasers enables better access to root canal system. Therefore the aim of the present study was to compare the ability of photoactivated laser and 2.5% NaOCl irrigation solution to eliminate E. faecalis from the root canals by real-time PCR technique. Material and Methods Sixty extracted human upper central incisors were selected and sterilized in an autoclave. The root canals were infected with E. faecalis (PTCC 1237, Persian Type Culture Collection, Iran) and then incubated for 24 hours. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups. No intervention was made in the control group (group 1). In group 2, laser therapy was performed with a power of 100 mW by diode laser for 120 seconds. In group 3, the canals were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl; then all the samples were sonicated in 15 mL of normal saline in test tubes in order to isolate the bacteria. DNA extraction was performed followed by real-time PCR technique for all the samples. Results Inhibition of bacterial growth in all the experimental samples was significantly more than that in the control group. There was a significant difference between photodynamic therapy and 2.5% NaOCl. The effect of NaOCl in all the samples was better than photodynamic therapy. The results of the mean CT (cyclic threshold) were 40, 30.2 and 15.35 for 2.5% NaOCl, photodynamic therapy and control group, respectively. Conclusions Based on the results of this experimental study, 2.5% NaOCl eliminated E. faecalis from infected root canals more effectively compared to photodynamic therapy. Key words:Photoactivated laser, Enterococcus faecalis, antibacterial agents, sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Janani
- Assistant Professor, Endodontics Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Farnaz Jafari
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Associate Professor, Endodontics Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ailar Nakhlband
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- Assistant Professor, Endodontics Department, Dentistry Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
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The Effect of Foraminal Enlargement of Necrotic Teeth with a Continuous Rotary System on Postoperative Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod 2017; 43:359-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sousa BCD, Gomes FDA, Ferreira CM, Rocha MMDNP, Barros EB, Albuquerque DSD. Persistent extra-radicular bacterial biofilm in endodontically treated human teeth: scanning electron microscopy analysis after apical surgery. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:662-667. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Pan J, Wang J, Hao L, Zhu G, Nguyen DN, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Li YP, Chen W. The Triple Functions of D2 Silencing in Treatment of Periapical Disease. J Endod 2017; 43:272-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Samiei M, Shahi S, Abdollahi AA, Eskandarinezhad M, Negahdari R, Pakseresht Z. The Antibacterial Efficacy of Photo-Activated Disinfection, Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite in Infected Root Canals: An in Vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:179-83. [PMID: 27471527 PMCID: PMC4947840 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the efficacy of light-activated low-power laser, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 2.5% NaOCl in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canal system. METHODS AND MATERIALS The root canals of 60 maxillary central incisors were contaminated with E. faecalis and then the bacteria were incubated for 24 h. All the root canals were instrumented in a crown-down manner with #4 and 3 Gates-Glidden drills, followed by RaCe rotary files (40/0.10, 35/0.08, and 30/0.06). The samples were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (n=15). In the control group no intervention was made. In the photo-activated disinfection (PAD) group, laser therapy was undertaken with diode laser beams (with an output power of 100 mW/cm(2)) for 120 sec. For the other two experimental groups, root canals were irrigated either with 5 mL of 2% CHX or 2.5% NaOCl solutions, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the CFU values of the bacteria and post-hoc Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparisons. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS The inhibition of bacterial growth in all the experimental groups was significantly superior to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effect of PAD and 2% CHX (P=0.05). The effect of 2.5% NaOCl was significantly better than that of the PAD technique (P<0.001). In addition, 2.5% NaOCl was significantly better than 2% CHX (P=0.007). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy was effective in reducing the E. faecalis counts in comparison with the control group, but 2.5% NaOCl solution was the most effective protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ardalan Abdollahi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskandarinezhad
- Department of Endodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Negahdari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Narita M, Shibahara T, Takano N, Fujii R, Okuda K, Ishihara K. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms Isolated from Periapical Periodontitis Lesions. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2016; 57:133-42. [DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Narita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Nobuo Takano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Rie Fujii
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
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Saini HR, Sangwan P, Sangwan A. Pain following foraminal enlargement in mandibular molars with necrosis and apical periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial. Int Endod J 2015; 49:1116-1123. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Saini
- Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences (PGIDS); Rohtak India
| | - P. Sangwan
- Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences (PGIDS); Rohtak India
| | - A. Sangwan
- Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences (PGIDS); Rohtak India
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Ravi Chandra PV, Kumar VH, Reddy SJ, Kiran DR, Krishna MN, Kumar GV. Biofilm forming capacity of Enterococcus faecalis on Gutta-percha points treated with four disinfectants using confocal scanning laser microscope: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2015; 12:331-6. [PMID: 26288622 PMCID: PMC4533190 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.161446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro biofilm forming capacity of Enterococcus faecalis on Gutta-percha points disinfected with four disinfectants. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 Gutta-percha points used in this study were divided into four test groups based on disinfectant (5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 20% neem, 13% benzalkonium chloride [BAK]), and one control group. The Gutta-percha points were initially treated with corresponding disinfectants followed by anaerobic incubation in Brain Heart Infusion broth suspended with human serum and E. faecalis strain for 14 days. After incubation, these Gutta-percha points were stained with Acridine Orange (Sigma – Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) and 0.5 mm thick cross section samples were prepared. The biofilm thickness of E. faecalis was analyzed quantitatively using a confocal scanning laser microscope. Results statistically analyzed using analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Confocal scanning laser microscope showed reduced amount of E. faecalis biofilm on Gutta-percha points treated with BAK and sodium hypochlorite. Post-hoc (least square differences) test revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between BAK and sodium hypochlorite groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study illustrates that the Gutta-percha points disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and BAK showed minimal biofilm growth on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vemisetty Hari Kumar
- Department of Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Dandolu Ram Kiran
- Department of Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Golla Vinay Kumar
- Department of Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas for bacterial biofilm prevention and eradication. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029404. [PMID: 25869456 DOI: 10.1116/1.4914382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are three-dimensional structures formed by surface-attached microorganisms and their extracellular products. Biofilms formed by pathogenic microorganisms play an important role in human diseases. Higher resistance to antimicrobial agents and changes in microbial physiology make treating biofilm infections very complex. Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) are a novel and powerful tool for antimicrobial treatment. The microbicidal activity of NTPs has an unspecific character due to the synergetic actions of bioactive components of the plasma torch, including charged particles, reactive species, and UV radiation. This review focuses on specific traits of biofilms, their role in human diseases, and those effects of NTP that are helpful for treating biofilm infections. The authors discuss NTP-based strategies for biofilm control, such as surface modifications to prevent bacterial adhesion, killing bacteria in biofilms, and biofilm destruction with NTPs. The unspecific character of microbicidal activity, proven polymer modification and destruction abilities, low toxicity for human tissues and absence of long-living toxic compounds make NTPs a very promising tool for biofilm prevention and control.
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Tomazinho FSF, Sousa-Neto MD, Pécora JD, Lamon AW, Gonzalez BC, Silva-Sousa YTC. Use of a dissolved oxygen microsensor for assessing the viability and thickness of microbial biofilm on root surfaces. Int Endod J 2015; 48:469-77. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. S. F. Tomazinho
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. D. Sousa-Neto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - J. D. Pécora
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - A. W. Lamon
- School of Engineering; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - B. C. Gonzalez
- School of Engineering; University of São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
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Abstract
Endodontic disease is a biofilm-mediated infection, and primary aim in the management of endodontic disease is the elimination of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system. The most common endodontic infection is caused by the surface-associated growth of microorganisms. It is important to apply the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology to understand the pathogenic potential of the root canal microbiota as well as to form the basis for new approaches for disinfection. It is foremost to understand how the biofilm formed by root canal bacteria resists endodontic treatment measures. Bacterial etiology has been confirmed for common oral diseases such as caries and periodontal and endodontic infections. Bacteria causing these diseases are organized in biofilm structures, which are complex microbial communities composed of a great variety of bacteria with different ecological requirements and pathogenic potential. The biofilm community not only gives bacteria effective protection against the host's defense system but also makes them more resistant to a variety of disinfecting agents used as oral hygiene products or in the treatment of infections. Successful treatment of these diseases depends on biofilm removal as well as effective killing of biofilm bacteria. So, the fundamental to maintain oral health and prevent dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis is to control the oral biofilms. From these aspects, the formation of biofilms carries particular clinical significance because not only host defense mechanisms but also therapeutic efforts including chemical and mechanical antimicrobial treatment measures have the most difficult task of dealing with organisms that are gathered in a biofilm. The aim of this article was to review the mechanisms of biofilms’ formation, their roles in pulpal and periapical pathosis, the different types of biofilms, the factors influencing biofilm formation, the mechanisms of their antimicrobial resistance, techniques to identify biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Jhajharia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Vikram Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Lata Kiran Mehta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, P. D. M. Dental College and Research Institute, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
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Huang YH, Xie SJ, Wang NN, Ge JY. Status of bacterial colonization in teeth associated with different types of pulpal and periradicular disease: A scanning electron microscopy analysis. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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