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Sen Sarma M, Tripathi PR. Natural history and management of liver dysfunction in lysosomal storage disorders. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1844-1861. [PMID: 36340750 PMCID: PMC9627439 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i10.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a rare group of genetic disorders. The major LSDs that cause liver dysfunction are disorders of sphingolipid lipid storage [Gaucher disease (GD) and Niemann-Pick disease] and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency [cholesteryl ester storage disease and Wolman disease (WD)]. These diseases can cause significant liver problems ranging from asymptomatic hepatomegaly to cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Abnormal storage cells initiate hepatic fibrosis in sphingolipid disorders. Dyslipidemia causes micronodular cirrhosis in lipid storage disorders. These disorders must be keenly differentiated from other chronic liver diseases and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that affect children and young adults. GD, Niemann-Pick type C, and WD also cause neonatal cholestasis and infantile liver failure. Genotype and liver phenotype correlation is variable in these conditions. Patients with LSD may survive up to 4-5 decades except for those with neonatal onset disease. The diagnosis of all LSD is based on enzymatic activity, tissue histology, and genetic testing. Enzyme replacement is possible in GD and Niemann-Pick types A and B though there are major limitations in the outcome. Those that progress invariably require liver transplantation with variable outcomes. The prognosis of Niemann-Pick type C and WD is universally poor. Enzyme replacement therapy has a promising role in cholesteryl ester storage disease. This review attempts to outline the natural history of these disorders from a hepatologist’s perspective to increase awareness and facilitate better management of these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Parijat Ram Tripathi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankura Hospital for Women and Children, Hyderabad 500072, India
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Lau HA, Viskochil D, Tanpaiboon P, Lopez AGM, Martins E, Taylor J, Malkus B, Zhang L, Jurecka A, Marsden D. Long-term efficacy and safety of vestronidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in pediatric subjects < 5 years with mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:28-37. [PMID: 35331634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is an ultra-rare, autosomal-recessive, metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of β-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including dermatan sulfate (DS), chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate (HS). β-glucuronidase deficiency leads to progressive accumulation of undegraded GAGs in lysosomes of affected tissues, which may cause hydrops fetalis, short stature, hepatosplenomegaly, and cognitive impairment. An open-label, multicenter, phase II study was conducted in 8 pediatric subjects <5 years of age with MPS VII. Subjects received the recombinant human β-glucuronidase vestronidase alfa 4 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every other week for 48 weeks (treatment period). Those who completed the 48-week treatment were offered to continue treatment with vestronidase alfa 4 mg/kg for up to 240 weeks or until withdrawal of consent, discontinuation, or study termination (continuation period). The level of GAG excreted in urine (uGAG) above normal has been shown to correlate with disease severity and clinical outcomes in MPS diseases. Therefore, the primary efficacy endpoint of this study was to determine the mean percentage change in uGAG DS excretion from baseline to week 48. Statistically significant reductions in uGAG DS from baseline were observed at each visit (p < 0.0001), with a least square mean (standard error) percentage change of -60% (6.6) at week 4 (first post-baseline assessment) and -61% (6.41) at week 48 (final assessment during treatment period). Secondary efficacy endpoints included change from baseline to week 48 in growth and hepatosplenomegaly. Positive trends were observed toward increased standing height Z-score (mean [standard deviation] at baseline, -2.630 [1.17], n = 8; at week 48, -2.045 [0.27], n = 7) and growth velocity (mean [SD] Z-score at baseline, -2.59 [1.49], n = 4; at week 48, -0.39 [2.10], n = 4; p = 0.27). Hepatomegaly was resolved in 3 of 3 subjects assessed by ultrasound and in 5 of 6 subjects assessed by physical examination; splenomegaly was resolved in 1 of 3 subjects assessed by ultrasound and in 2 of 2 subjects assessed by physical examination. There were no new safety signals identified during this study. Mild-to-moderate infusion-associated reactions occurred in 4 (50%) subjects. In conclusion, long-term vestronidase alfa treatment demonstrated a rapid and sustained reduction in uGAGs, maintained growth, and improved hepatosplenomegaly in pediatric subjects with MPS VII <5 years of age. Trial registration: NCT02418455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Lau
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Viskochil
- University of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Pranoot Tanpaiboon
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Julie Taylor
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Betsy Malkus
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
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Neonatal cholestasis and Niemann-pick type C disease: A literature review. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101757. [PMID: 34303826 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal cholestasis (NC) is one of the most serious diseases in newborns and infants and results from metabolic disorders, such as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), among other causes. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the incidence of NPC in our NC plus lysosomal storage disease (LSD) suspicious neonates and infants series. METHODS The study included children (≤3 years old) with a history of NC together with a suspicion of LSD, referred from Spanish Hospitals during the period 2011-2020. Screening for NPC was done by plasma biomarker assay (chitotriosidase activity and 7-ketocholesterol), and Sanger sequencing for NPC1 and NPC2 genes. RESULTS We screened NPC disease in 17 patients with NC plus organomegaly and that were LSD suspicious, finding 5 NPC patients (29.4%) and 2 carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the need to study NPC when NC and visceral enlargement arise in a newborn or infant.
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Mahran E, Keusgen M, Morlock GE. New planar assay for streamlined detection and quantification of β-glucuronidase inhibitors applied to botanical extracts. Anal Chim Acta X 2020; 4:100039. [PMID: 33117985 PMCID: PMC7587031 DOI: 10.1016/j.acax.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the β-glucuronidase released from gut bacteria is associated with specific health-related benefits. Though a number of β-glucuronidase inhibition assays are currently in use, none of them can directly measure the relevant activity of each single constituent in a complex mixture, without prior separation and tedious isolation of the pure compounds. Thus, the hyphenation of the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique with a β-glucuronidase inhibition assay was investigated and successfully demonstrated for the first time. A colorimetric as well as fluorometric detection of the inhibitors was achieved using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide as a substrate. Hence, β-glucuronidase inhibitors were detected as bright zones against an indigo blue or fluorescent background. The established method was optimized and validated employing the well-known inhibitor d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate. As proof of concept, the suitability of the new workflow was verified through analysis of two botanical extracts, Primula boveana and silymarin flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. The found inhibitors were identified by spectroscopic methods; one of them, 3ʹ-O-(β-galactopyranosyl)-flavone, is here described as a newly isolated natural compound. The new hyphenation HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-β-glucuronidase inhibition assay-HRMS covers four orthogonal dimensions, i.e. separation, spectral detection, biochemical activity and structural characterization, in a highly targeted time- and material-saving workflow for analysis of complex or costly mixtures. Coupling of HPTLC to the β-glucuronidase inhibition assay is demonstrated. Colorimetric and fluorometric detection of the inhibition was given. A new β-glucuronidase inhibiting flavonoid in P. boveana was elucidated. HPTLC-HRMS analysis of other β-glucuronidase inhibitors is shown for silymarin. Analysis of rare plants (low extract amount) is possible with the new planar assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mahran
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11371, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Wadood A, Rahim F, Al Muqarrabin LMR, Zaki HM, Ahmat N, Nasir A, Khan F. Synthesis of novel disulfide and sulfone hybrid scaffolds as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:15-22. [PMID: 27414468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel series of disulfide and sulfone hybrid analogs (1-20) were synthesized and characterized through EI-MS and (1)H NMR and evaluated for β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential. All synthesized analogs except 13 and 15 showed excellent β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranging in between 2.20-88.16μM as compared to standard d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (48.4±1.25μM). Analogs 19, 16, 4, 1, 17, 6, 10, 3, 18, 2, 11, 14 and 5 showed many fold potent activity against β-glucuronidase inhibitor. Structure activity relationship showed that substitution of electron withdrawing groups at ortho as well as para position on phenyl ring increase potency. Electron withdrawing groups at meta position on phenyl ring showed slightly low potency as compared to ortho and para position. The binding interactions were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Laode Muhammad Ramadhan Al Muqarrabin
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Mohd Zaki
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Norizan Ahmat
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Depatment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Khan
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Montaño AM, Lock-Hock N, Steiner RD, Graham BH, Szlago M, Greenstein R, Pineda M, Gonzalez-Meneses A, Çoker M, Bartholomew D, Sands MS, Wang R, Giugliani R, Macaya A, Pastores G, Ketko AK, Ezgü F, Tanaka A, Arash L, Beck M, Falk RE, Bhattacharya K, Franco J, White KK, Mitchell GA, Cimbalistiene L, Holtz M, Sly WS. Clinical course of sly syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type VII). J Med Genet 2016; 53:403-18. [PMID: 26908836 PMCID: PMC4893087 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is an ultra-rare disease characterised by the deficiency of β-glucuronidase (GUS). Patients’ phenotypes vary from severe forms with hydrops fetalis, skeletal dysplasia and mental retardation to milder forms with fewer manifestations and mild skeletal abnormalities. Accurate assessments on the frequency and clinical characteristics of the disease have been scarce. The aim of this study was to collect such data. Methods We have conducted a survey of physicians to document the medical history of patients with MPS VII. The survey included anonymous information on patient demographics, family history, mode of diagnosis, age of onset, signs and symptoms, severity, management, clinical features and natural progression of the disease. Results We collected information on 56 patients from 11 countries. Patients with MPS VII were classified based on their phenotype into three different groups: (1) neonatal non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) (n=10), (2) Infantile or adolescent form with history of hydrops fetalis (n=13) and (3) Infantile or adolescent form without known hydrops fetalis (n=33). Thirteen patients with MPS VII who had the infantile form with history of hydrops fetalis and survived childhood, had a wide range of clinical manifestations from mild to severe. Five patients underwent bone marrow transplantation and one patient underwent enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human GUS. Conclusions MPS VII is a pan-ethnic inherited lysosomal storage disease with considerable phenotypical heterogeneity. Most patients have short stature, skeletal dysplasia, hepatosplenomegaly, hernias, cardiac involvement, pulmonary insufficiency and cognitive impairment. In these respects it resembles MPS I and MPS II. In MPS VII, however, one unique and distinguishing clinical feature is the unexpectedly high proportion of patients (41%) that had a history of NIHF. Presence of NIHF does not, by itself, predict the eventual severity of the clinical course, if the patient survives infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ngu Lock-Hock
- Metabolic and Clinical Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert D Steiner
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA Current Affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marina Szlago
- Consultorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital de Niños R. Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robert Greenstein
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mercedes Pineda
- Fundació, Hospital Sant Joan De Déu, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mahmut Çoker
- Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dennis Bartholomew
- Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark S Sands
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Raymond Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service/HCPA & Department of Genetics/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anastasia K Ketko
- University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Minnesota Neonatal Physicians P.A., Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fatih Ezgü
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Akemi Tanaka
- Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Laila Arash
- Childrens Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Beck
- Childrens Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rena E Falk
- Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - José Franco
- Hospital Infantil Sabará, Sao Paulo and Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klane K White
- Seattle children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Grant A Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Loreta Cimbalistiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Max Holtz
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William S Sly
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Discovery of specific inhibitors for intestinal E. coli β-glucuronidase through in silico virtual screening. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:740815. [PMID: 25839056 PMCID: PMC4370192 DOI: 10.1155/2015/740815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a major metabolism process of detoxification for carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy)-1-butanone (NNK) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, intestinal E. coli
β-glucuronidase (eβG) has been considered pivotal to colorectal carcinogenesis. Specific inhibition of eβG may prevent reactivating the glucuronide-carcinogen and protect the intestine from ROS-mediated carcinogenesis. In order to develop specific eβG inhibitors, we found that 59 candidate compounds obtained from the initial virtual screening had high inhibition specificity against eβG but not human βG. In particular, we found that compounds 7145 and 4041 with naphthalenylidene-benzenesulfonamide (NYBS) are highly effective and selective to inhibit eβG activity. Compound 4041 (IC50 = 2.8 μM) shows a higher inhibiting ability than compound 7145 (IC50 = 31.6 μM) against eβG. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis indicates that compound 4041 has two hydrophobic contacts to residues L361 and I363 in the bacterial loop, but 7145 has one contact to L361. Only compound 4041 can bind to key residue (E413) at active site of eβG via hydrogen-bonding interactions. These novel NYBS-based eβG specific inhibitors may provide as novel candidate compounds, which specifically inhibit eβG to reduce eβG-based carcinogenesis and intestinal injury.
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Staretz-Chacham O, Lang TC, LaMarca ME, Krasnewich D, Sidransky E. Lysosomal storage disorders in the newborn. Pediatrics 2009; 123:1191-207. [PMID: 19336380 PMCID: PMC2768319 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders are rare inborn errors of metabolism, with a combined incidence of 1 in 1500 to 7000 live births. These relatively rare disorders are seldom considered when evaluating a sick newborn. A significant number of the >50 different lysosomal storage disorders, however, do manifest in the neonatal period and should be part of the differential diagnosis of several perinatal phenotypes. We review the earliest clinical features, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for lysosomal storage disorders that can present in the newborn. Although many of the lysosomal storage disorders are characterized by a range in phenotypes, the focus of this review is on the specific symptoms and clinical findings that present in the perinatal period, including neurologic, respiratory, endocrine, and cardiovascular manifestations, dysmorphic features, hepatosplenomegaly, skin or ocular involvement, and hydrops fetalis/congenital ascites. A greater awareness of these features may help to reduce misdiagnosis and promote the early detection of lysosomal storage disorders. Implementing therapy at the earliest stage possible is crucial for several of the lysosomal storage disorders; hence, an early appreciation of these disorders by physicians who treat newborns is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Staretz-Chacham
- Office of the Clinical Director, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tess C. Lang
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary E. LaMarca
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donna Krasnewich
- Office of the Clinical Director, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Islam MR, Shah GN, Sly WS. PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and haplotype of the most common mutation L176F in the beta-glucuronidase gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 11:72-4. [PMID: 17394395 DOI: 10.1089/gte.2006.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII or Sly syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycosaminoglycan storage leading to variable clinical symptoms, such as hepatosplenomegaly, bone deformities, hearing loss, corneal opacities, mental retardation, and hydrops fetalis in affected individuals. The disease is caused by approximately 40 different mutations in the beta-glucuronidase gene. Detection of the most common mutation L176F by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was not always successful. Although DNA sequencing followed by PCR amplification can easily detect this mutation, accessibility to a DNA sequencer or useful reagents in the sequencing procedure is not readily available in many countries. A PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) developed in this report would allow rapid and easier detection of this mutation for screening new patients or neonates of heterozygous parents. Analysis of intragenic polymorphic sites in the L176F patients identified two distinct alleles; the predominant one probably originated in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rafiq Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA.
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Arslan N, Mavi A, Kalkan S, Aydin A, Ortaç R, Büyükgebiz B, Durak H. Findings of hepatobiliary scintigraphy and liver biopsy in Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome presenting as neonatal cholestasis. Pediatr Int 2006; 48:498-500. [PMID: 16970791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2006.02246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Arslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey.
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Miller DG, Wang PR, Petek LM, Hirata RK, Sands MS, Russell DW. Gene targeting in vivo by adeno-associated virus vectors. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24:1022-6. [PMID: 16878127 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic gene delivery typically involves the addition of a transgene expression cassette to mutant cells. This approach is complicated by transgene silencing, aberrant transcriptional regulation and insertional mutagenesis. An alternative strategy is to correct mutations through homologous recombination, allowing for normal regulation of gene expression from the endogenous locus. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing single-stranded DNA efficiently transduce cells in vivo and have been shown to target homologous chromosomal sequences in cultured cells. To determine whether AAV-mediated gene targeting can occur in vivo, we developed a mouse model that contains a mutant, nuclear-localized lacZ gene inserted at the ubiquitously expressed ROSA26 locus. Foci of beta-galactosidase-positive hepatocytes were observed in these mice after injection with an AAV vector containing a lacZ gene fragment, and precise correction of the 4-bp deletion was demonstrated by gene sequencing. We also used AAV gene-targeting vectors to correct the naturally occurring GusB gene mutation responsible for murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Developmental Medicine, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
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Schwartz I, Silva LR, Leistner S, Todeschini LA, Burin MG, Pina-Neto JM, Islam RM, Shah GN, Sly WS, Giugliani R. Mucopolysaccharidosis VII: clinical, biochemical and molecular investigation of a Brazilian family. Clin Genet 2003; 64:172-5. [PMID: 12859417 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2003.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Further insights into the molecular regulation of bile acid transport and metabolism have provided the basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases. Novel insights into the mechanisms of action of ursodeoxycholic acid should advance our understanding of the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. Mutations of transporter genes can cause hereditary cholestatic syndromes in both infants and adults as well as cholesterol gallstone disease. Important studies have been published on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, drug-induced cholestasis, and cholestasis of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Karl-Franzens University, School of Medicine, Graz, Austria
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