1
|
Guidara W, Messedi M, Naifar M, Charfi N, Grayaa S, Maalej M, Maalej M, Ayadi F. Predictive value of oxidative stress biomarkers in drug-free patients with bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 76:539-550. [PMID: 34965843 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.2016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is one of the primary etiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS The present study was conducted over a period of 24 months on Tunisian on 34 drug‑free male patients with BD (mean age: 34.5 years) and 101 age and gender matched controls (mean age: 34.20 years) were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiols levels were significantly decreased in patients compared to controls (respectively p < .001; p = .009). In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC) and homocysteine (Hcys) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p = .002; p < .001; p = .001; p < .001 and p = .016, respectively). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that MDA, AOPP and Hcys could be considered as independent risk factors for BD. When using CombiROC analysis, a remarkable increase in the area under the curve (AUC) with higher sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for MDA, AOPP, PC, GSH-Px and Hcys combined markers was observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the identification of the predictive value of these five selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress in drug free patients should lead to a better identification of the etiological mechanism of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guidara
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Messedi
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sfax & Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nada Charfi
- Psychiatry C- department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Maalej
- Psychiatry C- department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Maalej
- Psychiatry C- department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Laboratory of Research "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sfax & Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Filiponi M, Gougoura SG, Befani C, Bargiota Α, Liakos P, Koukoulis GN. 17-β estradiol attenuates the pro-oxidant activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone in macroendothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1407-1415. [PMID: 31141240 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone, which is the predominant regulator of neuroendocrine responses to stress, attenuates inflammation through stimulation of glucocorticoid release. Enhanced corticotropin-releasing hormone expression has been detected in inflammatory cells of the vascular endothelium, where it acts as a local regulator of endothelial redox homeostasis. Estrogens have beneficial effects on endothelial integrity and function, though the mechanism underlying their antioxidative effect remains as yet largely unknown. We therefore investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on pro-oxidant action of corticotropin-releasing hormone in vitro in macroendothelial cells, and, more specifically, the role of 17β-estradiol on corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced activities/release of the antioxidant enzymes namely, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. We observed that 17β-estradiol abolished the stimulatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and counteracted its inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide release. In addition, 17β-estradiol significantly induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, an effect that was not significantly influenced by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Finally, 17β-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Our results reveal that 17β-estradiol counterbalances corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated pro-inflammatory action and thereby maintains the physiological threshold of the endothelial cell redox environment. These observations may be of importance, considering the protective role of estrogen in the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filiponi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia G Gougoura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Αlexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - George N Koukoulis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shin JA, Jeong SI, Kim HW, Jang G, Ryu DR, Ahn YH, Choi JH, Choi YH, Park EM. Repression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 by estrogen increases intracellular glutathione in brain endothelial cells following ischemic reperfusion injury. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:138-148. [PMID: 29574357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette efflux transporter ABCG2, which is located in the blood-brain barrier limits the entry of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics into the brain, and its expression and activity are regulated by estrogen. This study was aimed to define the role of ABCG2 in estrogen-mediated neuroprotection against ischemic injury. ABCG2 protein levels before and after ischemic stroke were increased in the brain of female mice by ovariectomy, which were reversed by estrogen replacement. In brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, estrogen reduced the basal ABCG2 protein level and efflux activity and protected cells from ischemic injury without inducing ABCG2 expression. When bEnd.3 cells were transfected with ABCG2 small interfering RNA, ischemia-induced cell death was reduced, and the intracellular concentration of glutathione, an antioxidant that is transported by ABCG2, was increased. In addition, after ischemic stroke in ovariectomized mice, estrogen prevented the reduction of intracellular glutathione level in brain microvessels. These data suggested that the suppression of ABCG2 by estrogen is involved in neuroprotection against ischemic injury by increasing intracellular glutathione, and that the modulation of ABCG2 activity offers a therapeutic target for brain diseases in estrogen-deficient aged women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Im Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeonghui Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ha Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Harpal S Randeva
- Medicine Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kedzierska M, Czernek U, Szydłowska-Pazera K, Potemski P, Piekarski J, Jeziorski A, Olas B. The changes of blood platelet activation in breast cancer patients before surgery, after surgery, and in various phases of the chemotherapy. Platelets 2012; 24:462-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.711866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
6
|
Dietrich-Muszalska A, Malinowska J, Olas B, Głowacki R, Bald E, Wachowicz B, Rabe-Jabłońska J. The oxidative stress may be induced by the elevated homocysteine in schizophrenic patients. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1057-62. [PMID: 22270909 PMCID: PMC3321271 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of oxidative stress in schizophrenic patients are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of elevated level of homocysteine (Hcys) on some parameters of oxidative stress, namely thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation in plasma, the level of carbonyl groups in plasma proteins, as well as the amount of 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins isolated from schizophrenic patients. Patients hospitalised in I and II Psychiatric Department of Medical University in Lodz, Poland were interviewed with special questionnaire (treatment, course of diseases, dyskinesis and other EPS). According to DSM-IV criteria all patients had diagnosis of paranoid type. They were treated with antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine). Mean time of schizophrenia duration was about 5 years. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyse the total level of homocysteine in plasma. Levels of carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine residues in plasma proteins were measured by ELISA and a competition ELISA, respectively. The lipid peroxidation in plasma was measured by the level of TBARS. Our results showed that in schizophrenic patients the amount of homocysteine in plasma was higher in comparison with the control group. We also observed a statistically increased level of biomarkers of oxidative/nitrative stress such as carbonyl groups or 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins from schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our experiments indicate that the correlation between the increased amount of homocysteine and the oxidative stress exists. Considering the data presented in this study, we suggest that the elevated Hcys in schizophrenic patients may stimulate the oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dietrich-Muszalska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Malinowska
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Głowacki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edward Bald
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Wachowicz
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kedzierska M, Olas B, Wachowicz B, Jeziorski A, Piekarski J. Relationship between thiol, tyrosine nitration and carbonyl formation as biomarkers of oxidative stress and changes of hemostatic function of plasma from breast cancer patients before surgery. Clin Biochem 2011; 45:231-6. [PMID: 22200561 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In breast cancer patients dysregulation of reactive oxygen species metabolism, as detected by various indicators in plasma or various blood cells, including red blood cells and blood platelets, is observed. DESIGN AND METHODS The aim of our study was to explain the effect of oxidative/nitrative stress on hemostatic activity of plasma from breast cancer patients. Different methods were used to analyze oxidative/nitrative stress (carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine levels - ELISA and C-ELISA method, respectively and free thiol groups was estimated with 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitro-benzoic acid)). We also measured total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma. RESULTS Our results showed the correlation between the oxidative stress and changes of hemostasis in breast cancer patients; the correlation between the increased amount of carbonylated or nitrated plasma proteins and fibrin polymerization or lysis in plasma isolated from invasive breast cancer patients. We also observed that the relationship between TAS and fibrin polymerization or lysis in plasma from invasive breast cancer exists. CONCLUSION Considering the data presented in this study, we suggest that the oxidative/nitrative stress in breast cancer patients may induce the changes of hemostasis in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kedzierska
- Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim GA, Lee ST, Ahn JY, Park JH, Lim JM. Improved viability of freeze-thawed embryonic stem cells after exposure to glutathione. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:2409-12. [PMID: 20236633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adding a potent antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), to a cryoprotective solution consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol and/or postthaw culture medium significantly improved the postthaw viability of mouse embryonic stem cells. This effect, which was caused by a decrease in reactive oxygen species, was only induced by exposure of embryonic stem cells during cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ah Kim
- Stem Cell and Bioevalution, Major in Biomodulation, WCU, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oxidative Stress and the Metabolic Pathology of Autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-489-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Ho SM, Leung YK, Chung I. Estrogens and Antiestrogens as Etiological Factors and Therapeutics for Prostate Cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1089:177-93. [PMID: 17261766 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1386.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a key role played by estrogen or estrogen in synergy with an androgen, in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). New experimental data suggest that this process could begin as early as prenatal life. During adulthood, estrogen carcinogenicity is believed to be mediated by the combined effects of hormone-induced, unscheduled cell proliferation and bioactivation of estrogens to genotoxic carcinogens. Increased bioavailability of estrogen through age-dependent increases in conversion from androgen could also be a contributing factor. Individual variations and race-/ethnic-based differences in circulating or locally formed estrogens or in tissue estrogen responsiveness may explain differential PCa risk among individuals or different populations. Estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and ER-beta are the main mediators of estrogen action in the prostate. However, ER-beta is the first ER subtype expressed in the fetal prostate. During cancer development, ER-beta expression is first lost as tumors progress into high grade in the primary site. Yet, its reexpression occurs in all metastatic cases of PCa. A change in cytosine methylation in a regulatory CpG island located in the proximal promoter of ER-beta may constitute an "on/off" switch for reversible regulation of ER-beta expression. A variety of estrogenic/antiestrogenic/selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like compounds have been shown to use non-ERE pathways, such as tethering of ER-beta to NF-kappaB binding proteins, Sp2, or Ap1 for gene transactivation. These findings open new avenues for drug design that now focuses on developing a new generation of estrogen-based PCa therapies with maximal proapoptotic action but few or no side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hirai Y, Kawabe N, Tsuda Y, Miyamoto S, Iwakawa S. Effect of 2-methoxyestradiol, buthionine sulfoximine and hydrogen peroxide on the viability of renal carcinoma cell lines (ACHN and ACVB). Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1064-7. [PMID: 16651749 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, induces the intracellular accumulation of superoxide anion (O2*-) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. We have examined the combination anticancer effect of 2-ME and BSO accompanied with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 2-ME inhibited cell growth in renal carcinoma cell lines (ACHN and ACVB) accompanied by an increase in the intracellular contents of GSH. The combination of 2-ME, BSO and H2O2 showed a significant antiproliferation effect in both ACHN and ACVB. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a combination with 2-ME and H2O2 in ACHN and ACVB pretreated with BSO were markedly increased, which may have contributed to the potential antiproliferative action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hirai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sazci A, Ergul E, Kucukali I, Kara I, Kaya G. Association of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene with schizophrenia: association is significant in men but not in women. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005; 29:1113-23. [PMID: 16084002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex and common psychiatric disorder with a polygenic inheritance. In our previous report, we showed an association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and schizophrenia in patients from Bakirkoy in Istanbul, Turkey [Sazci, A., Ergul, E., Guzelhan, Y., Kaya, G., Kara, I., 2003. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia. Mol. Brain Res. 117, 104-107]. We wanted also independently to confirm this study in a gender-specific manner with schizophrenic patients from Erenkoy in Istanbul, Turkey. To investigate the role of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in schizophrenia in a gender-specific manner, we analyzed the genotypes of MTHFR677 and MTHFR1298 of 297 schizophrenic patients and 341 healthy controls, using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The MTHFR 677T allele was significantly distributed (chi2=7.312; P=0.026), between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. The T677T genotype was overrepresented in the total schizophrenic patients (OR=1.938; 95%CI=1.133-3.315; chi2=5.996; P=0.014). Similarly, the T677T/A1298A compound genotype was the most significant one in the total schizophrenic patients (OR=2.397; 95% CI=1.327-4.330; chi2=8.821; P=0.003). The C1298C genotype was overrepresented in the total schizophrenic patients (OR=1.706; 95%CI=1.014-2.870; chi2=4.126; P=0.042). Likewise, the C677C/C1298C compound genotype was significant in the total schizophrenic patients (OR=1.689; 95%CI=0.985-2.894; chi2=3.695; P=0.055). When schizophrenic patients and healthy controls were stratified according to gender difference, the T677T genotype and T677T/A1298A compound genotype were significantly overrepresented (OR=2.184; 95% CI=1.069-4.462; chi2=4.767; P=0.029; OR=2.748; 95% CI=1.215-6.214; chi2=6.301; P=0.012, respectively) in men schizophrenic patients. However, neither the MTHFR C677T nor the A1298C polymorphisms are associated with schizophrenia in women. In conclusion, the MTHFR 677T allele and T677T, C1298C genotypes, and T677T/A1298A, C677C/C1298C compound genotypes are genetic risk factors for schizophrenia in men but not in women in a gender-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sazci
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kocaeli, Derince, 41900, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Applebaum J, Shimon H, Sela BA, Belmaker RH, Levine J. Homocysteine levels in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. J Psychiatr Res 2004; 38:413-6. [PMID: 15203293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Revised: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously found a marked elevation of plasma homocysteine in young male schizophrenic patients in hospital. It seemed important to determine if this finding is already present in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. Serum homocysteine levels were studied in 184 consecutively admitted schizophrenic patients and 305 control subjects from an employee screening program. Homocysteine levels were markedly increased in this population of newly admitted schizophrenic patients, especially in young males. Newly admitted male schizophrenic patients have elevated homocysteine levels that cannot be explained on the basis of poor hospital nutrition. Smoking may raise homocysteine by 1-2 microM/L but this is not a large enough effect to explain our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Applebaum
- Beer-Sheba Mental Health Center, Stanley Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Christodoulakos GE, Panoulis CPC, Lambrinoudaki IV, Dendrinos SG, Rizos DA, Creatsas GC. Effect of hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on serum total homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 112:74-9. [PMID: 14687744 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or tibolone on serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Ninety-five postmenopausal women aged 41-68 years were included in the study. Seventy-three women with climacteric complaints, osteopenia or osteoporosis received either conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg (CEE/MPA, n=31) or tibolone 2.5 mg (n=42). Twenty-two healthy women, matched for chronological and menopausal age, served as controls. Serum tHcy levels were assessed at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. RESULTS No difference was recorded between groups regarding demographic characteristics or mean baseline serum tHcy. Serum tHcy levels decreased significantly in the CEE/MPA compared to baseline (change at 18 months: -3.9%, P<0.05). The magnitude of the decrease was higher in the subgroup of women with baseline tHcy levels above the median (change at 18 months: -15.0%, P<0.01). No change in tHcy levels was detected in the tibolone group throughout the study period, either in the whole group (change at 18 months: 1.9%, NS) or in the subgroup with baseline tHcy levels above the median (change at 18 months: -3.23%, NS). CONCLUSION Continuous CEE/MPA reduces tHcy especially in women with high pretreatment tHcy levels. Tibolone has no effect on serum tHcy levels at least during the first 18 months of therapy. Larger studies with longer follow-up are required to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Christodoulakos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, 3 Neofytou Douka Street, Athens GR-10674, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ho SM. Estrogens and anti-estrogens: Key mediators of prostate carcinogenesis and new therapeutic candidates. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:491-503. [PMID: 14755680 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite the historical use of estrogens in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) little is known about their direct biological effects on the prostate, their role in carcinogenesis, and what mechanisms mediate their therapeutic effects on PCa. It is now known that estrogens alone, or in synergism with an androgen, are potent inducers of aberrant growth and neoplastic transformation in the prostate. The mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenicity could be mediated via induction of unscheduled cell proliferation or through metabolic activation of estrogens to genotoxic metabolites. Age-related changes and race-/ethnic-based differences in circulating or locally formed estrogens may explain differential PCa risk among different populations. Loss of expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-beta expression during prostate carcinogenesis and prevention of estrogen-mediated oxidative damage could be exploited in future PCa prevention strategies. Re-expression of ER-beta in metastatic PCa cells raises the possibility of using ER-beta-specific ligands in triggering cell death in these malignant cells. A variety of new estrogenic/anti-estrogenic/selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like compounds, including 2-methoxyestradiol, genistein, resveratrol, licochalcone, Raloxifene, ICI 182,780, and estramustine are being evaluated for their potential in the next generation of PCa therapies. Increasing numbers of patients self-medicate with herbal formulations such as PC-SPES. Some of these compounds are selective ER-beta ligands, while most of them have minimal interaction with ER-alpha. Although many may inhibit testosterone production by blockade of the hypothalamal-pituitary-testis axis, the most effective agents also exhibit direct cytostatic, cytotoxic, or apoptotic action on PCa cells. Some of them are potent in interfering with tubulin polymerization, blocking angiogenesis and cell motility, suppressing DNA synthesis, and inhibiting specific kinase activities. Further discovery of other compounds with potent apoptotic activities but minimal estrogen action should promote development of a new generation of effective PCa preventive or treatment regimens with few or no side-effects due to estrogenicity. Further advancement of our knowledge of the role of estrogens in prostate carcinogenesis through metabolic activation of estrogens and/or ER-mediated pathways will certainly result in better preventive or therapeutic modalities for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang HS, Cao EH, Qin JF. Intracellular redox status modulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression stimulated by homocysteine in endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 42:258-65. [PMID: 12883331 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200308000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Homocystinemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-l (MCP-l) is a potent chemokine that stimulates the migration of monocytes into the intima of the arterial wall. The authors investigated the role of intracellular redox status in the expression of MCP-l stimulated by homocysteine in endothelial cells. Homocysteine stimulated MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein production in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in endothelial cells, decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and protein thiol levels, as well as G6PDH activity and NADPH levels. Thiol reduced reagents, GSH, and dithiothreitol levels, and reversed the MCP-l mRNA expression and protein production in endothelial cells; in addition, thiol oxidized reagent, diamide, and BSO levels, and markedly potentiated homocysteine-mediated up-regulation of MCP-l mRNA expression and protein production in endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that homocysteine can trigger overexpression of the MCP-1 gene by altering the intracellular redox status, suggesting that the homocysteine-induced changes in the intracellular redox status play an important role in modulating the expression of MCP-l in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|