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Morris AH, Chang J, Kyriakides TR. Inadequate Processing of Decellularized Dermal Matrix Reduces Cell Viability In Vitro and Increases Apoptosis and Acute Inflammation In Vivo. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:177-87. [PMID: 27500014 PMCID: PMC4948200 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized tissue scaffolds are commonly used in the clinic because they can be used as substitutes for more traditional biomaterials, while imparting additional physiological effects. Nevertheless, reports of complications associated with their use are widespread and poorly understood. This study probes possible causes of these complications by examining cell viability and apoptosis in response to eluents from decellularized dermis. Using multiple sources of decellularized dermis, this study shows that typical decellularized scaffolds (prepared with commonly used laboratory techniques, as well as purchased from commercial sources) contain soluble components that are cytotoxic and that these components can be removed by extensive washes in cell culture media. In addition, this study demonstrates that these observed in vitro phenotypes correlate with increased apoptosis and acute inflammation when implanted subcutaneously in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Song L, Murphy SV, Yang B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Atala A. Bladder Acellular Matrix and Its Application in Bladder Augmentation. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:163-72. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Song
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, China
| | - Sean V. Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bin Yang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
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Giuliani A, Moroncini F, Mazzoni S, Belicchi MLC, Villa C, Erratico S, Colombo E, Calcaterra F, Brambilla L, Torrente Y, Albertini G, Della Bella S. Polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid scaffold response to different progenitor cell in vitro cultures: a demonstrative and comparative X-ray synchrotron radiation phase-contrast microtomography study. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 20:308-16. [PMID: 23879738 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal interactions play important roles in tissue development and function, especially in stem cell-seeded bioscaffolds. Cells interact with the surface of bioscaffold polymers and influence material-driven control of cell differentiation. In vitro cultures of different human progenitor cells, that is, endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from a healthy control and a patient with Kaposi sarcoma (an angioproliferative disease) and human CD133+ muscle-derived stem cells (MSH 133+ cells), were seeded onto polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid scaffolds. Three-dimensional (3D) images were obtained by X-ray phase-contrast microtomography (micro-CT) and processed with the Modified Bronnikov Algorithm. The method enabled high spatial resolution detection of the 3D structural organization of cells on the bioscaffold and evaluation of the way and rate at which cells modified the construct at different time points from seeding. The different cell types displayed significant differences in the proliferation rate. In conclusion, X-ray synchrotron radiation phase-contrast micro-CT analysis proved to be a useful and sensitive tool to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of progenitor cell organization on a bioscaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Giuliani
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
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Albertini G, Giuliani A, Komlev V, Moroncini F, Pugnaloni A, Pennesi G, Belicchi M, Rubini C, Rustichelli F, Tasso R, Torrente Y. Organization of Extracellular Matrix Fibers Within Polyglycolic Acid–Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Analyzed Using X-Ray Synchrotron-Radiation Phase-Contrast Micro Computed Tomography. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:403-11. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Albertini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Ingegneria dei Materiali e del Territorio, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, Ancona unit, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliani
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, Ancona unit, Ancona, Italy
- Dipartimento S.A.I.F.E.T.—Sezione Di Scienze Fisiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Vladimir Komlev
- Dipartimento S.A.I.F.E.T.—Sezione Di Scienze Fisiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Moroncini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Ingegneria dei Materiali e del Territorio, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, Ancona unit, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armanda Pugnaloni
- Dipartimento di Patologia Molecolare e Terapie Innovative, Istologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pennesi
- Laboratorio di Cellule Staminali, Centro di Biotecnologie Avanzate, Genova, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze–Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Franco Rustichelli
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia, Ancona unit, Ancona, Italy
- Dipartimento S.A.I.F.E.T.—Sezione Di Scienze Fisiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Tasso
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Italy
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Bartsch GC, Malinova V, Volkmer BE, Hautmann RE, Rieger B. CO-alkene polymers are biocompatible scaffolds for primary urothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. BJU Int 2007; 99:447-53. [PMID: 17092287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06576.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate CO-alkene polymers, novel synthetic nonbiodegradable polymers, as a potential biomaterial for urological applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine urothelial cells were seeded on cover glasses (96 wells; 10 000 cells/well) coated with CO-alkene polymers [propylene/N-Acetyl-O'-(hex-5-enyl)-l-tyrosine ethyl ester/CO (PTCO) and hexene-CO (HxCO)]. The following conditions were investigated: cells seeded; (i) on PTCO, (ii) on HxCO, (iii) in PTCO-conditioned medium, (iv) in HxCO-conditioned medium, (v) on glass without polymers, (vi) on polystyrene, and (vii) on polystyrene treated with 1.25% NaCl (toxic control). Cell counts, cell death detection assay, and a cell activity assay (XTT, a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay) were performed after 3, 6 and 9 days. Urothelial-cell seeded-PTCO films (0.5 x 10(6) cells/cm(2)) were implanted into the subcutaneous space of athymic mice for up to 12 weeks and unseeded PTCO polymers were implanted as a negative control. RESULTS The urothelial cell adherence rates on the polymers were similar to those for glass and polystyrene. The cell activity (XTT assay) was higher in cells seeded on the polymers than in cells seeded on polystyrene and glass after 3 and 6 days. There were no significant differences between the apoptosis rates of all groups at the given sample times, except for the high levels in the toxic control. In vivo the urothelial cells survived on the polymers for 12 weeks with no adverse reactions in any of the mice. CONCLUSIONS CO-alkene polymers are biocompatible materials for urothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and thus are potential biomaterials for the urogenital tract.
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Ng KW, Leong DTW, Hutmacher DW. The Challenge to Measure Cell Proliferation in Two and Three Dimensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:182-91. [PMID: 15738673 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Various assays, using different strategies, are available for assessing cultured cell proliferation. These include measurement of metabolic activity (tetrazolium salts and alamarBlue), DNA quantification using fluorophores (Hoechst 33258 and PicoGreen), uptake of radioactively-labeled DNA precursors such as [3H]thymidine, and physical counting (hemocytometer). These assays are well established in characterizing cell proliferation in two-dimensional (2D), monolayer cultures of low cell densities. However, increasing interest in 3D cultures has prompted the need to evaluate the effectiveness of using these assays in high cell density or 3D cultures. We show here that typical cell proliferation assays do not necessarily correlate linearly with increasing cell densities or between 2D and 3D cultures, and are either not suitable or only rough approximations in quantifying actual cell numbers in a culture. Prudent choice of techniques and careful interpretation of data are therefore recommended when measuring cell proliferation in high cell density and 3D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee W Ng
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Patients suffering from diseased and injured organs may be treated with transplanted organs. However, there is a severe shortage of donor organs that is worsening yearly given the aging population. Scientists in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Therapeutic cloning, where the nucleus from a donor cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte in order to extract pluripotent embryonic stem cells, offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. The stem cell field is also advancing rapidly, opening new options for therapy. This paper reviews recent advances that have occurred in regenerative medicine and describes applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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