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Ting KR, Ong PY, Wei SOG, Parameswaran R, Khoo CM, Deepak DS, Lee SC. Characteristics and genetic testing outcomes of patients with clinically suspected paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndrome in Singapore. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2020; 18:24. [PMID: 33308260 PMCID: PMC7731464 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-020-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary paraganglioma (PGL) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) syndromes are rare conditions, with limited data on spectrum of causative gene variants of these syndromes in Asian patients. METHODS We describe the clinical characteristics and genetic testing outcomes of patients with suspected hereditary PGL/PCC who were referred to a tertiary cancer genetics clinic in Singapore. RESULTS Among 2196 patients with suspected hereditary cancer syndrome evaluated at the cancer genetics clinic from 2000 to 2019, 13/2196 (0.6%) patients fulfilled clinical suspicion for hereditary PGL/PCC syndrome. After genetic counselling, 10 patients underwent multi-gene next generation sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis, including SDHAF2, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, VHL, NF1, RET, MAX, and TMEM127. Seven of 10 patients (70%) were identified to carry pathogenic variants, including 3 unrelated Chinese patients with head and neck PGL who carried the same SDHD: c.3G > C (p.Met1Ile) variant that was previously reported to be a possible founder variant in Chinese, and 3 patients with urogenital PGL and 1 patient with retroperitoneal PGL who carried different SDHB variants. Variant carriers were younger, more likely to present with multiple tumours, or have family history of paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma, than non- variant carriers. CONCLUSION Hereditary PGL/PCC accounts for only 0.6% of patients seen in an adult cancer genetics clinic in Asia. SDHD and SDHB genes remain the most important causative genes of hereditary PGL/PCC in Asia even when patients are tested with multi-gene NGS panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Reen Ting
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Pei Yi Ong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Samuel Ow Guan Wei
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (Thyroid and Endocrine Surgery), National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS), National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
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Anderson NM, Mucka P, Kern JG, Feng H. The emerging role and targetability of the TCA cycle in cancer metabolism. Protein Cell 2017; 9:216-237. [PMID: 28748451 PMCID: PMC5818369 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central route for oxidative phosphorylation in cells, and fulfills their bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and redox balance requirements. Despite early dogma that cancer cells bypass the TCA cycle and primarily utilize aerobic glycolysis, emerging evidence demonstrates that certain cancer cells, especially those with deregulated oncogene and tumor suppressor expression, rely heavily on the TCA cycle for energy production and macromolecule synthesis. As the field progresses, the importance of aberrant TCA cycle function in tumorigenesis and the potentials of applying small molecule inhibitors to perturb the enhanced cycle function for cancer treatment start to evolve. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the fuels feeding the cycle, effects of oncogenes and tumor suppressors on fuel and cycle usage, common genetic alterations and deregulation of cycle enzymes, and potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting the TCA cycle in cancer cells. With the application of advanced technology and in vivo model organism studies, it is our hope that studies of this previously overlooked biochemical hub will provide fresh insights into cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis, subsequently revealing vulnerabilities for therapeutic interventions in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Anderson
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Mucka
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Joseph G Kern
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hui Feng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The Center for Cancer Research, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Zhu WD, Wang ZY, Chai YC, Wang XW, Chen DY, Wu H. Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype associations in head and neck paraganglioma patients with negative family history in China. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:433-8. [PMID: 26096992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of germline mutations and to explore genotype-phenotype associations in Chinese head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL) patients without family history. Twenty-six Chinese patients with a diagnosis of HNPGL(14 male and 12 female, respectively)were recruited, who were followed up from 2000 to 2012. Genomic DNA was obtained from resected tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples. Seven genes, Succinate dehydrogenase complex A,B,C,D (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD), succinate dehydrogenase complex assembly factor 2 (SDHAF2), TMEM127 (transmembrane protein 127) and VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau), were screened by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed to search for potential large deletions or duplications of SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF1 and SDHAF2. The total frequency of germline mutations was 30.8% (8/26), including 5 cases with missense mutation p.Met1Ile in SDHD, 1 case with missense mutation p.Tyr216Cys in SDHB, and 1 case with a novel truncation mutation p.Gln44Ter in SDHAF2. MLPA showed one patient with malignant HNPGL had heterozygous deletions of exon1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 in SDHB. Mutations in SDHD were the leading cause of HNPGL in this study. Mutation carriers were younger than non-mutation carriers (p < 0.01) and more likely to suffer from multiple tumors (p = 0.048), especially with mutations in SDHD. The presence of mutation was associated with the development of larger tumors (p = 0.021). This study confirmed that the missense mutation p.Met1Ile at the start codon in SDHD was a hotspot in chinese patients with HNPGLs. We recommend genetic analysis in patients below 45 years, especially SDHD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Y C Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - X W Wang
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - D Y Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - H Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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4
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Zheng X, Wei S, Yu Y, Xia T, Zhao J, Gao S, Li Y, Gao M. Genetic and clinical characteristics of head and neck paragangliomas in a Chinese population. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:1761-6. [PMID: 22566157 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Head and neck paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare and frequently associated with germline mutations of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes, especially for familial cases. The purpose of the study was to explore genetic and clinical characteristics of head and neck PGLs in a Chinese population. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS One hundred thirty-two patients who had undergone resection for head and neck PGLs between 1975 and 2010 were identified. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were reviewed. Analysis of the SDH genes was performed in 29 patients and one kindred with familial PGL to identify germline mutations in the SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS There were 69 male (52.3%) and 63 female (47.76%) patients, with a mean age of 43.6 years (range, 13-72 years). Most lesions (61.4%) were PGLs of the carotid bifurcation. Others included jugular (25.0%), vagal (9.1%), and tympanic PGLs. Twenty-one patients (15.9%) had multiple PGLs, 25 patients (18.9%) had a malignant PGL, and 15 patients (11.4%) in four families were familial PGLs. Analysis of the SDH genes in 29 patients showed that four familial cases (including two patients) carried a heterozygotic missense mutation in SDHD. The mutation was W43X, located in SDHD-exon 2. Four sporadic cases carried samesense germline mutations in SDHB-exon 1, and they were all malignant PGLs. CONCLUSIONS Multifocal occurrence, potential malignancy, and genetic aspect should be considered in patients with head and neck PGLs. The high frequency of founder mutations in SDHB suggests a higher prevalence of malignancy, and the SDHD mutation is usually associated with familial cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck, Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Wang CP, Chen TC, Chang YL, Ko JY, Yang TL, Lo FY, Hu YL, Chen PL, Wu CC, Lou PJ. Common genetic mutations in the start codon of the SDH subunit D gene among Chinese families with familial head and neck paragangliomas. Oral Oncol 2011; 48:125-9. [PMID: 21945342 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare, and frequently associated with germline mutations of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes, especially for familial cases. The purpose of the study is to explore SDH mutations in Chinese families with familial HNPGLs in Taiwan. Four unrelated families with familial HNPGLs were screened for germline mutations in the SDHB, SDHC and SDHD genes by direct sequencing. One hundred healthy subjects without a diagnosis or family history of HNPGLs were screened as normal controls. Immunohistochemistry with SDHB antibody was performed for a carotid body tumor. Two allele variants were identified, including p.Met1Val (c.1A>G) in the SDHD gene in one family and p.Met1Ile (c.3G>C) in the SDHD gene in the other three families. Both variants are considered pathogenic because of the absence of these variants in 100 normal controls, 100% evolutionary conservation of the p.Met1 residue, co-segregation of the variants with the phenotype of HNPGL in pedigrees, and predicted abolishment of the translation start site. The tumor cells obtained from one proband harboring c.3G>C mis-sense mutation were weak diffuse staining in the cytoplasm of tumors cells. This study demonstrates that two mis-sense mutations at the start codon of the SDHD gene, including p.Met1Val (c.1A>G) and p.Met1Ile (c.3G>C), might be mutation hotspots in Chinese patients with familial HNPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zha Y, Chen XM, Lam CW, Lee SC, Tong SF, Gao ZQ. Is the c.3G>C mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD
) gene due to a founder effect in Chinese head and neck paraganglioma patients? Laryngoscope 2011; 121:1760-4. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bardella C, Pollard PJ, Tomlinson I. SDH mutations in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:1432-43. [PMID: 21771581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD genes encode the four subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; mitochondrial complex II), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in two essential energy-producing metabolic processes of the cell, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Germline loss-of-function mutations in any of the SDH genes or assembly factor (SDHAF2) cause hereditary paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma syndrome (HPGL/PCC) through a mechanism which is largely unknown. Owing to the central function of SDH in cellular energy metabolism it is important to understand its role in tumor suppression. Here is reported an overview of genetics, clinical and molecular progress recently performed in understanding the basis of HPGL/PCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bardella
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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Janecke AR, Willett-Brozick JE, Karas C, Hasipek M, Loeffler-Ragg J, Baysal BE. Identification of a 4.9-kilo base-pair Alu-mediated founder SDHD deletion in two extended paraganglioma families from Austria. J Hum Genet 2010; 55:182-5. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Oishi Y, Nagai S, Yoshida M, Fujisawa SI, Sazawa A, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Matsuno K, Shimizu C. Mutation analysis of the SDHB and SDHD genes in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: identification of a novel nonsense mutation (Q168X) in the SDHB gene. Endocr J 2010; 57:745-50. [PMID: 20505258 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k10e-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are tumors of the autonomic nervous system. The former is a tumor that occurs in only adrenal glands, and the latter can be found in the head and neck or in the thorax and abdomen. In PCC and PGL, genetic mutations account for approximately 30% of functional (secrete catecholamines) and nonfunctional cases. In addition to RET, VHL and NF-1, genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB), subunit C (SDHC), and subunit D (SDHD) are recognized as susceptibility genes for PCC and PGL. Recently, PCC and PGL caused by genetic mutations of SDHB, SDHC and SDHD were established as hereditary pheochromocytoma paraganglioma syndrome (HPPS). Approximately 15% of all PCCs and PGLs are recognized as HPPS. Among these three susceptibility genes, SDHB and SDHD are known to be strongly related to HPPS. The aim of this study was to analyze SDHB and SDHD mutations in PCC and PGL patients. Among 18 patients, we identified a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation at codon 168 resulting in a CAG (glutamine) to TAG (stop) substitution (Q168X) in the SDHB gene in a patient diagnosed with solitary sporadic PGL. A number of studies have reported that SDHB mutation-associated disease demonstrates a higher rate of malignancy. However, all seven patients diagnosed with malignancy in this study did not have genetic mutation of SDHB and only one patient with no malignant sign had genetic mutation of SDHB. Further accumulation of cases is necessary to confirm the association between SDHB mutation and malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohmi Oishi
- Department of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Pasini B, Stratakis CA. SDH mutations in tumorigenesis and inherited endocrine tumours: lesson from the phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndromes. J Intern Med 2009; 266:19-42. [PMID: 19522823 PMCID: PMC3163304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A genetic predisposition for paragangliomas and adrenal or extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas was recognized years ago. Beside the well-known syndromes associated with an increased risk of adrenal phaeochromocytoma, Von Hippel Lindau disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and neurofibromatosis type 1, the study of inherited predisposition to head and neck paragangliomas led to the discovery of the novel 'paraganglioma-phaeochromocytoma syndrome' caused by germline mutations in three genes encoding subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme (SDHB, SDHC and SDHD) thus opening an unexpected connection between mitochondrial tumour suppressor genes and neural crest-derived cancers. Germline mutations in SDH genes are responsible for 6% and 9% of sporadic paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas, respectively, 29% of paediatric cases, 38% of malignant tumours and more than 80% of familial aggregations of paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma. The disease is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance with a peculiar parent-of-origin effect for SDHD mutations. Life-time tumour risk seems higher than 70% with variable clinical manifestantions depending on the mutated gene. In this review we summarize the most recent knowledge about the role of SDH deficiency in tumorigenesis, the spectrum and prevalence of SDH mutations derived from several series of cases, the related clinical manifestantions including rare phenotypes, such as the association of paragangliomas with gastrointestinal stromal tumours and kidney cancers, and the biological hypotheses attempting to explain genotype to phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pasini
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Via Santena 19, Turin 10126, Italy.
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11
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Recurring MLH1 deleterious mutations in unrelated Chinese Lynch syndrome families in Singapore. Fam Cancer 2008; 8:85-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-008-9209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martínez-Aguilar E, March-García J, de Haro-Miralles J, Flórez-González A, Varela-Casariego C, Acín F. Paraganglioma carotídeo familiar. ANGIOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3170(08)02007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Cervical paragangliomas: is SDH genetic analysis systematically required? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 265:557-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-007-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Neumayer C, Moritz A, Asari R, Weinhäusel A, Hölzenbein T, Kretschmer G, Niederle B, Haas OA. Novel SDHD germ-line mutations in pheochromocytoma patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37:544-51. [PMID: 17576205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SDHD germ-line mutations predispose to pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL). MATERIAL AND METHODS The incidence and types of SDHD germ-line mutations are determined in 70 patients with apparently sporadic adrenal and extra-adrenal PCC. RESULTS SDHD sequence variants were identified in the germ line of five patients. Two of three novel mutations were in exon 1 and one in exon 3. One patient had a codon 1 missense mutation (M1K) and a concurrent 3-bp deletion in intron 1. Three of 10 family members had only the exon 1 mutation, whereas one had only the intron 1 mutation. The other exon 1 mutation resulted from a deletion of nucleotides 28-33 with a 12-bp in-frame insertion (c.28_33 del ins TAGGAGGCCCTA). This mutation generated a premature stop codon after codon 9 and was also present in the brother who had a bilateral PCC. The third patient with a carotid body tumour, with an abdominal and a thoracic PGL had a 12-bp deletion in exon 3 (codons 91-94, c.271_282 del). Her father carried the same mutation and had bilateral carotid body tumours. Two further patients, one with six PGL, carried a previously described H50R polymorphism, whose disease-specific relevance is currently unclear. The three patients with bona fide SDHD mutations were younger than those without germ-line mutations. CONCLUSION SDHD germ-line mutations are rare in patients with PCC, but their identification is an important prerequisite for the clinical care and appropriate management of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Neumayer
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Maguire D. Cancer and the Respirome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 578:337-49. [PMID: 16927714 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-29540-2_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Maguire
- Genomics Research Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Riemann K, Sotlar K, Kupka S, Braun S, Zenner HP, Preyer S, Pfister M, Pusch CM, Blin N. Chromosome 11 monosomy in conjunction with a mutated SDHD initiation codon in nonfamilial paraganglioma cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 150:128-35. [PMID: 15066320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paragangliomas of the head and neck region are a group of rare, usually benign, slow-growing tumors developing from paraganglionic chemoreceptors in most patients. Mutations in a subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme II complex (succinate dehydrogenase [SDHD]) were shown to be responsible for the formation of paragangliomas. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 11, mainly in 11q23 (PGL1), was observed recently. We analyzed DNA derived from tumor sections of three unrelated paraganglioma patients (one case with multiple paragangliomas, two cases with single tumors; all of them sporadic cases) for mutations in the SDHD gene by direct sequencing. Microsatellite-based LOH was performed, and events of chromosomal loss were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on paraffin-embedded tumor and normal tissue by using centromeric satellite DNA. Sequence analysis revealed mutations in SDHD exon 1 in all patients, affecting the initiation codon (M1V). Another alteration was detected in exon 2 but was lacking in tumor DNA and therefore classified as polymorphism (H50R). LOH and FISH analyses demonstrated partial/total monosomy for chromosome 11 in the tumor samples tested. A common genetic mechanism appears to be the pathophysiologic basis for sporadic tumor development because the proposed two-hit model comprising both LOH and point mutation is manifest in our patients. Loss of chromosome 11 regions, including the deletion of PGL1 and PGL2 loci, may result in a more severe phenotype, as exemplified by the development of multiple tumors in one of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Riemann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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