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Correa M, Projetti M, Siegler IA, Vignais N. Mechanomyographic Analysis for Muscle Activity Assessment during a Load-Lifting Task. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7969. [PMID: 37766025 PMCID: PMC10535044 DOI: 10.3390/s23187969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare electromyographic (EMG) with mechanomyographic (MMG) recordings during isometric conditions, and during a simulated load-lifting task. Twenty-two males (age: 25.5 ± 5.3 years) first performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and submaximal isometric contractions of upper limb muscles at 25%, 50% and 75% MVC. Participants then executed repetitions of a functional activity simulating a load-lifting task above shoulder level, at 25%, 50% and 75% of their maximum activity (based on MVC). The low-frequency part of the accelerometer signal (<5 Hz) was used to segment the six phases of the motion. EMG and MMG were both recorded during the entire experimental procedure. Root mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) were selected as signal extraction features. During isometric contractions, EMG and MMG exhibited similar repeatability scores. They also shared similar RMS vs. force relationship, with RMS increasing to 75% MVC and plateauing to 100%. MPF decreased with increasing force to 75% MVC. In dynamic condition, RMSMMG exhibited higher sensitivity to changes in load than RMSEMG. These results confirm the feasibility of MMG measurements to be used during functional activities outside the laboratory. It opens new perspectives for future applications in sports science, ergonomics and human-machine interface conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Correa
- Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (I.A.S.); (N.V.)
- Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
- Moten Technologies, 92800 Puteaux, France
| | | | - Isabelle A. Siegler
- Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (I.A.S.); (N.V.)
- Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Nicolas Vignais
- Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91405 Orsay, France; (I.A.S.); (N.V.)
- Laboratoire CIAMS (Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives), Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
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Trevino M, Perez S, Sontag S, Olmos A, Jeon S, Richardson L. Influence of Pennation Angle and Muscle Thickness on Mechanomyographic Amplitude-Torque Relationships and Sex-Related Differences in the Vastus Lateralis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020053. [PMID: 37218849 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined potential sex-related differences and correlations among the pennation angle (PA), muscle thickness (MT), and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMGRMS)-torque relationships of the vastus lateralis (VL) in 11 healthy males and 12 healthy females. The PA and MT of the VL were quantified with ultrasound. Participants performed an isometric muscle action of the knee extensors that linearly increased to 70% of maximal strength followed by a 12 s plateau. MMG was recorded from the VL. Linear regression models were fit to the log-transformed MMGRMS-torque relationships to calculate b terms (slopes) for the linearly increasing segment. MMGRMS was averaged during the plateau. Males exhibited greater PA (p < 0.001), MT (p = 0.027), b terms (p = 0.005), and MMGRMS (p = 0.016). The b terms were strongly (p < 0.001, r = 0.772) and moderately correlated (p = 0.004, r = 0.571) with PA and MT, respectively, while MMGRMS was moderately correlated with PA (p = 0.018, r = 0.500) and MT (p = 0.014, r = 0.515). The greater mechanical behavior of individuals possessing a larger PA and MT of the VL may reflect increased cross-bridge activity within the muscle fibers. Additionally, PA may help explain sex-related differences in MMGRMS between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trevino
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sergio Perez
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stephanie Sontag
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Alex Olmos
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sunggun Jeon
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lyric Richardson
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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INFLUENCE OF AN ACUTE BOUT OF SELF-MYOFASCIAL RELEASE ON KNEE EXTENSION FORCE OUTPUT AND ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF THE QUADRICEPS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:732-743. [PMID: 33110692 DOI: 10.26603/ijspt20200732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to static stretching (SS), previous research has demonstrated increases in flexibility after an acute bout of self-myofascial release (SMR) without any subsequent decreases in force output. Previous research has utilized measures of surface electromyography (sEMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) to examine the influence of SS on the electrical and mechanical processes of muscle activation, respectively. However, there is a lack of research examining the potential changes in electro-mechanical muscle activation post-SMR. Purpose To examine the influence of SMR, via an acute bout of foam rolling (FR) to the vastus lateralis (VL), on the expression of knee extension force output and the inter-muscular electro-mechanical activation of the quadriceps musculature. Study Design Randomized crossover trial. Methods Twenty (10 males, 10 females) recreationally-active participants with prior FR experience completed both SMR and control (CON) testing protocols during separate testing sessions that were conducted in a randomized order 48 hours apart. During the SMR protocol, participants performed 3 sets of 60 seconds of FR over the VL portion of their quadriceps musculature, with 60 seconds of rest between sets. During the CON protocol, participants quietly sat upright for 10 minutes. Peak knee extension force output -(Forcepeak) data, as well as sEMG and MMG data from the VL and the rectus femoris (RF) were collected during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) before and after both testing protocols. Root mean square sEMG and MMG amplitudes were calculated to represent electro-mechanical muscle activation of the VL (VL-sEMGRMS, VL-MMGRMS) and RF (RF-sEMGRMS, RF-MMGRMS) musculature. Results Repeated measures analyses of variance (RM ANOVAs) identified a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Forcepeak within the SMR protocol among males, but no change among females. No statistically significant changes in any electro-mechanical muscle activation measures were identified pre-to-post-SMR within either sex. Conclusion In contrast to the SS literature body, these results suggest that SMR does not influence the electro-mechanical aspects of muscle activation during MVICs. These results provide support for the absence of decreases in force output post-SMR, but further examination regarding the potential muscle mass influence of SMR on electro-mechanical muscle function remains warranted. Level of Evidence 2c.
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Boozari S, Sanjari MA, Amiri A, Ebrahimi Takamjani I. Fatigue effects on the viscoelastic behavior of men and women in a landing task: a Mass-Spring-Damper modeling approach. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:564-570. [PMID: 32551896 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1749271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the fatigue effect on the viscoelastic behavior of the musculoskeletal system between the two sexes in a landing task. Stiffness and shock absorption capacity were studied from ground reaction force data using a mass-spring-damper model. A parametric simulation was also performed to demonstrate the effect of different values of model parameters on the vertical ground reaction force. Following fatigue, the shock absorption capacity reduced in men. According to the parametric simulation, this reduction can result in lower rate of force development which may make men less susceptible to impact injuries than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Boozari
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sanjari
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Rehabilitation Research Center and Department of Basic Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amiri
- Department of Physiotherapy and Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani
- Department of Physiotherapy and Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Low-load blood flow restriction elicits greater concentric strength than non-blood flow restriction resistance training but similar isometric strength and muscle size. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 120:425-441. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Creze M, Nordez A, Soubeyrand M, Rocher L, Maître X, Bellin MF. Shear wave sonoelastography of skeletal muscle: basic principles, biomechanical concepts, clinical applications, and future perspectives. Skeletal Radiol 2018; 47:457-471. [PMID: 29224123 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and therapeutic response evaluation of muscular diseases. However, one important limitation is its incapacity to assess the in vivo biomechanical properties of the muscles. The emerging shear wave sonoelastography technique offers a quantifiable spatial representation of the viscoelastic characteristics of skeletal muscle. Elastography is a non-invasive tool used to analyze the physiologic and biomechanical properties of muscles in healthy and pathologic conditions. However, radiologists need to familiarize themselves with the muscular biomechanical concepts and technical challenges of shear wave elastography. This review introduces the basic principles of muscle shear wave elastography, analyzes the factors that can influence measurements and provides an overview of its potential clinical applications in the field of muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Creze
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. .,Laboratory Complexité, Innovations, Activités Motrices et Sportives, CIAMS (EA4532), University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. .,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. .,Service de Radiologie, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
| | - Antoine Nordez
- Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Soubeyrand
- Orthopedic Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Laurence Rocher
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Maître
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-France Bellin
- Radiology Department, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités, IR4M, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Correlation between stiffness and electromechanical delay components during muscle contraction and relaxation before and after static stretching. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 33:83-93. [PMID: 28232285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at assessing possible correlations of the electromechanical delay components during muscle contraction (DelayTOT) and relaxation (R-DelayTOT), with muscle-tendon unit (MTU), muscle, and tendon stiffness before and after static stretching (SS). Plantarflexor muscles' maximum voluntary torque (Tmax) was measured in 18 male participants (age 24±3yrs; body mass 76.4±8.9kg; stature 1.78±0.09m; mean±SD). During Tmax, surface electromyogram (EMG), mechanomyogram, and force signals were detected. DelayTOT and R-DelayTOT with their electrochemical and mechanical components were calculated. Passive torque and myotendinous junction displacement were assessed at 0°, 10° and 20° of dorsiflexion to determine MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness. The same protocol was repeated after SS. DelayTOT, R-DelayTOT and their mainly mechanical components correlated with MTU, muscle and tendon stiffness, both before (R2 from 0.562 to 0.894; p<0.001) and after SS (R2 from 0.726 to 0.955; p<0.001). SS decreased Tmax (-14%; p<0.001) and lengthened almost all the DelayTOT and R-DelayTOT components (from +5.9% to +30.5%; p<0.05). Correlations were found only between stiffness and the mechanical components of DelayTOT and R-DelayTOT. Correlations persisted after SS but delays increased to a higher extent than stiffness, indicating a complexity of the relationship between stiffness and delays that will be discussed in the manuscript.
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Miramonti AA, Jenkins NDM, Oza PD, Weir JP, Cramer JT. Mechanomyographic responses during recruitment curves in the soleus muscle. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:107-116. [PMID: 27718510 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we examined relationships among mechanomyographic (MMG), electromyographic (EMG), and peak twitch torque (PTT) responses as well as test-retest reliability when recorded during recruitment curves in the soleus muscle. METHODS PTT, EMG (M-wave, H-reflex), and MMG responses were recorded during recruitment curves in 16 subjects (age 24 ± 2 years) on 2 separate days. The sum of the M-wave and H-reflex (M+H) was calculated. Correlations among variables and test-retest reliability were determined. RESULTS MMG was correlated with PTT (mean r = 0.93, range r = 0.59-0.99), the M-wave (0.95, 0.04-0.98), and M+H (0.91, 0.42-0.97), but was unrelated to the H-reflex (-0.06, -0.56 to 0.47). Reliability was consistently high among most variables, but normalizing to the maximum value improved MMG reliability and the minimum detectable change. CONCLUSION MMG responses predicted 86%-90% of the variability in PTT, M-wave, and M+H; thus, MMG may be a useful alternative for estimating twitch torque and maximal activation. Muscle Nerve 56: 107-116, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia A Miramonti
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, University of Nebraska, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Preeti D Oza
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, USA
| | - Joseph P Weir
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Joel T Cramer
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, University of Nebraska, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0806, USA
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Chao YW, Lin JJ, Yang JL, Wang WTJ. Kinesio taping and manual pressure release: Short-term effects in subjects with myofasical trigger point. J Hand Ther 2016; 29:23-9. [PMID: 26705672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. INTRODUCTION Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and fascia tenderness. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We investigated the effects of manual pressure release (MPR) alone or in combination with taping (MPR/MKT) in subjects with MTrPs. METHODS Fifteen and 16 subjects received MPR and MPR/MKT respectively. Outcomes including Pressure pain threshold, muscle stiffness, mechanomyography were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 7-days later. RESULTS Pressure pain threshold improved significantly (d = 1.79, p < 0.005) in both groups. Significant improvement in muscle stiffness in the MPR/MKT group (0.27-0.49 mm) as compared to the MPR group (-0.02-0.23 mm). Mechanomyography amplitude in the MPR/MKT group was significantly higher than that of the MPR group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION MPR and MPR/MKT are effective in reducing pain in these subjects. MPR/MKT has a greater effect on muscle stiffness and contraction amplitude. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiu Jenq Lin
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jing Lan Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wendy Tzyy-Jiuan Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jenkins ND, Housh TJ, Buckner SL, Bergstrom HC, Cochrane KC, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Cramer JT. Neuromuscular Adaptations After 2 and 4 Weeks of 80% Versus 30% 1 Repetition Maximum Resistance Training to Failure. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2174-85. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jenkins NDM, Housh TJ, Palmer TB, Cochrane KC, Bergstrom HC, Johnson GO, Schmidt RJ, Cramer JT. Relative differences in strength and power from slow to fast isokinetic velocities may reflect dynapenia. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:120-30. [PMID: 25363299 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared absolute and normalized values for peak torque (PT), mean power (MP), rate of velocity development, and electromyography (EMG) amplitude during maximal isometric and concentric isokinetic leg extension muscle actions, as well as the %decrease in PT and %increase in MP from 1.05 to 3.14 rad·s(-1) in younger versus older men. METHODS Measurements were performed twice for reliability. Isokinetic measurements were normalized to the isometric muscle actions. RESULTS Absolute isometric PT, isokinetic PT and MP, and EMG amplitudes at 1.05 and 3.14 rad·s(-1) were greater in the younger men, although normalizing to isometric PT eliminated the age differences. The older men exhibited greater %decrease in PT (37.2% vs. 31.3%) and lower %increase in MP (87.6% vs. 126.4%) regardless of normalization. CONCLUSIONS Normalization eliminated absolute differences in isokinetic strength and power, but the relative differences from slow to fast velocities may reflect dynapenia characterized by age-related decreases in fast-twitch fiber function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Terry J Housh
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Ty B Palmer
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kristen C Cochrane
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | | | - Glen O Johnson
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Joel T Cramer
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 211 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
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Trevino MA, Herda TJ. Mechanomyographic mean power frequency during an isometric trapezoid muscle action at multiple contraction intensities. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:1383-97. [PMID: 26015456 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/7/1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mechanomyographic mean power frequency (MMGMPF)-force relationships for five (age = 19.20 ± 0.45 years) aerobically-trained (AT), five (age = 25 ± 4.53 years) resistance-trained (RT), and five (age = 21.20 ± 2.17 years) sedentary (SED) individuals. Participants performed isometric trapezoidal muscle actions at 50, 60, and 70% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the leg extensors that included linearly increasing, steady force, and linearly decreasing segments. MMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis. Linear regressions were fit to the natural-log transformed MMGMPF versus natural log-transformed force relationships (linearly increasing and decreasing segments) with the b (slope) and a (y-intercept) terms used for comparisons. MMGMPF was averaged for the entire steady force segment. The b and a terms were not different among training statuses (P > 0.05) or linearly increasing and decreasing segments (P > 0.05). There were muscle action-related differences in the b terms as a function of training status from the 70% MVC. The SED had greater b terms during the linearly increasing than decreasing muscle action (P = 0.010), and the converse was true for the AT (P = 0.013), whereas the RT displayed no muscle action-related differences (P > 0.05). The unique muscle action-related differences in the b terms as a function of training status may be the result of unique adaptations to motor unit activation and deactivation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Trevino
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Ave, Room 101BE, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Novel insights into skeletal muscle function by mechanomyography: from the laboratory to the field. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cooper MA, Herda TJ. Muscle-related differences in mechanomyography–force relationships are model-dependent. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:202-8. [PMID: 23649718 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we examined the mechanomyographic amplitude (MMG(RMS))–force relationships with log-transform and polynomial regression models for the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles. METHODS Twelve healthy (age 23 ± 3 years) men performed isometric ramp contractions of the leg extensors and index finger from 10% to 80% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with MMG sensors positioned on the VL, RF, and FDI. Log-transform and polynomial regression models were fitted to the relationships. RESULTS There were differences for the a terms (intercepts) and b terms (slopes) from the log-transform model between the FDI, VL, and RF; however, there were no consistent differences identified with the polynomial regression models. CONCLUSIONS The log-transform model quantified differences in the patterns of responses between the FDI and the leg extensors, but polynomial regression could not distinguish such differences.
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Cooper MA, Herda TJ, Vardiman JP, Gallagher PM, Fry AC. Relationships between skinfold thickness and electromyographic and mechanomyographic amplitude recorded during voluntary and non-voluntary muscle actions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:207-13. [PMID: 24444832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine possible correlations between skinfold thicknesses and the a terms from the log-transformed electromyographic (EMGRMS) and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMGRMS)-force relationships, EMG M-Waves, and MMG gross lateral movements (GLM). METHODS Forty healthy subjects performed a 6-s isometric ramp contraction from 5% to 85% of their maximal voluntary contraction with EMG and MMG sensors placed on the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). A single electrical stimulus was applied to the femoral nerve to record the EMG M-waves and MMG GLMs. Skinfold thickness was assessed at the site of each electrode. Pearson's product correlation coefficients were calculated comparing skinfold thicknesses with the a terms from the log-transformed EMGRMS-and MMGRMS-force relationships, EMG M-waves, and MMG GLMs. RESULTS There were no significant cor1relations (p>0.05) between the a terms and skinfold thicknesses for the RF and VL from the EMGRMS and MMGRMS-force relationships. However, there were significant correlations (p<0.05) between skinfold thicknesses and the EMG M-waves and MMG GLMs for the RF (r=-0.521, -0.376) and VL (r=-0.479, -0.484). DISCUSSION Relationships were only present between skinfold thickness and the amplitudes of the EMG and MMG signals during the non-voluntary muscle actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Cooper
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - John P Vardiman
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Phillip M Gallagher
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Green MA, Sinkus R, Gandevia SC, Herbert RD, Bilston LE. Measuring changes in muscle stiffness after eccentric exercise using elastography. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:852-858. [PMID: 22246866 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Muscle stiffness has been reported to increase following eccentric muscle exercise, but to date only indirect methods have been used to measure it. This study aimed to use Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), a noninvasive imaging technique, to assess the time-course of passive elasticity changes in the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles before and after a bout of eccentric exercise. Shear storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') measurements were made in eight healthy subjects for both muscles in vivo before, one hour after, 48 hours after and 1 week after eccentric exercise. The results show a 21% increase in medial gastrocnemius storage modulus following eccentric exercise with a peak occurring ~48 hours after exercise (before exercise 1.15 ± 0.23 kPa, 48 hours after 1.38 ± 0.27 kPa). No significant changes in soleus muscle storage modulus were measured for the exercise protocol used in this study, and no significant changes in loss modulus were observed. This study provides the first direct measurements in skeletal muscle before and after eccentric exercise damage and suggests that MRE can be used to detect the time course of changes to muscle properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Green
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
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Al-Mulla MR, Sepulveda F, Colley M. A review of non-invasive techniques to detect and predict localised muscle fatigue. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:3545-94. [PMID: 22163810 PMCID: PMC3231314 DOI: 10.3390/s110403545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is an established area of research and various types of muscle fatigue have been investigated in order to fully understand the condition. This paper gives an overview of the various non-invasive techniques available for use in automated fatigue detection, such as mechanomyography, electromyography, near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound for both isometric and non-isometric contractions. Various signal analysis methods are compared by illustrating their applicability in real-time settings. This paper will be of interest to researchers who wish to select the most appropriate methodology for research on muscle fatigue detection or prediction, or for the development of devices that can be used in, e.g., sports scenarios to improve performance or prevent injury. To date, research on localised muscle fatigue focuses mainly on the clinical side. There is very little research carried out on the implementation of detecting/predicting fatigue using an autonomous system, although recent research on automating the process of localised muscle fatigue detection/prediction shows promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Al-Mulla
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; E-Mails: (F.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Francisco Sepulveda
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; E-Mails: (F.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Martin Colley
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; E-Mails: (F.S.); (M.C.)
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Stock MS, Beck TW, Defreitas JM, Dillon MA. Relationships among peak power output, peak bar velocity, and mechanomyographic amplitude during the free-weight bench press exercise. J Sports Sci 2010; 28:1309-17. [PMID: 20845222 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.499440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, power output, and bar velocity during the free-weight bench press exercise. Twenty-one resistance-trained men [one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press = 125.4+18.4 kg] performed bench press muscle actions as explosively as possible from 10% to 90% of the 1-RM while peak power output and peak bar velocity were assessed with a TENDO Weightlifting Analyzer. During each muscle action, surface MMG signals were detected from the right and left pectoralis major and triceps brachii, and the concentric portion of the range of motion was selected for analysis. Results indicated that power output increased from 10% to 50% 1-RM, followed by decreases from 50% to 90% 1-RM, but MMG amplitude for each of the muscles increased from 10 to 80% 1-RM. The results of this study indicate that during the free-weight bench press exercise, MMG amplitude was not related to power output, but was inversely related to bar velocity and directly related to the external load being lifted. In future research, coaches and sport scientists may be able to estimate force/torque production from individual muscles during multi-joint, dynamic constant external resistance muscle actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Stock
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6081, USA.
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Herda TJ, Housh TJ, Fry AC, Weir JP, Schilling BK, Ryan ED, Cramer JT. A noninvasive, log-transform method for fiber type discrimination using mechanomyography. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:787-94. [PMID: 20172740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the log-transformed mechanomyographic (MMG(RMS)) and electromyographic (EMG(RMS)) amplitude vs. force relationships for aerobically-trained (AT), resistance-trained (RT), and sedentary (SED) individuals. Subjects performed isometric ramp contractions from 5% to 90% maximal voluntary contraction. Muscle biopsies were collected and thigh skinfolds, MMG and EMG were recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle. Linear regression models were fit to the log-transformed EMG(RMS) and MMG(RMS) vs. force relationships. The slope (b coefficient) and the antilog of the y-intercept (a coefficient) were calculated. The AT group had the highest percentage of type I fiber area, the RT group had the highest percentage of type IIa fiber area, and the SED group had the highest percentage of type IIx fiber area. The a coefficients were higher for the AT group than the RT and SED groups in both the MMG(RMS) and EMG(RMS) vs. force relationships, whereas the b coefficients were lower for the AT group than the RT and SED groups only in the MMG(RMS) vs. force relationship. The group differences among the a coefficients may have reflected subcutaneous fat acting as a filter thereby reducing EMG(RMS) and MMG(RMS). The lower b coefficients for the AT group in the MMG(RMS) patterns may have reflected fiber area-related differences in motor unit activation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent J Herda
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Biophysics Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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20
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Zuniga JM, Housh TJ, Camic CL, Hendrix CR, Mielke M, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The effects of accelerometer placement on mechanomyographic amplitude and mean power frequency during cycle ergometry. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:719-25. [PMID: 20122849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were threefold: (1) to compare the power output related patterns of absolute and normalized MMG amplitude and MPF responses for proximal and distal accelerometer placements on the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during incremental cycle ergometry; (2) to examine the influence of accelerometer placements on mean absolute MMG amplitude and MPF values; and (3) to determine the effects of normalization on mean MMG amplitude and MPF values from proximal and distal accelerometer placements. Fifteen adults (10 men and 5 women; mean+/-SD age=23.9+/-3.1 years) performed incremental cycle ergometry tests to exhaustion. Two accelerometers were placed proximal and distal on the VL muscle. Paired t-tests indicated that absolute MMG amplitude values for the proximal accelerometer were greater (p<0.05) than the distal accelerometer at all power outputs. The normalized MMG amplitude also had greater values for the proximal accelerometer at all power outputs, except 50W. There were no differences, however, between proximal and distal accelerometers for absolute MMG MPF, except at 75W, and normalization eliminated this difference. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects exhibited different power output related patterns of responses between accelerometer placements for MMG amplitude and 47% exhibited different patterns for MPF. These findings indicated that normalization did not eliminate the influence of accelerometer placement on MMG amplitude and highlighted the importance of standardizing accelerometer placements to compare MMG values during cycle ergometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Zuniga
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Anthropometric and Demographic Correlates of Dual-Axis Swallowing Accelerometry Signal Characteristics: A Canonical Correlation Analysis. Dysphagia 2009; 25:94-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-009-9229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Smith AE, Walter AA, Bemben MG, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Acute effects of passive stretching vs vibration on the neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 19:703-13. [PMID: 18627561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the acute effects of passive stretching (PS) vs prolonged vibration (VIB) on voluntary peak torque (PT), percent voluntary activation (%VA), peak twitch torque (PTT), passive range of motion (PROM), musculotendinous stiffness (MTS), and surface electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the plantar flexors. Fifteen healthy men performed the isometric MVCs and PROM assessments before and after 20 min of PS, VIB, and a control (CON) conditions. There were 10% and 5% decreases in voluntary PT, non-significant 3% and 2% decreases in %VA, 9-23% decreases in EMG amplitude of the MG and SOL after the PS and VIB, respectively, with no changes after the CON. PROM increased by 19% and MTS decreased by 38% after the PS, but neither changed after the VIB or CON conditions. Both PS and VIB elicited similar neural deficits (i.e., gamma loop impairment) that may have been responsible for the strength losses. However, mechanical factors related to PROM and MTS cannot be ruled out as contributors to the stretching-induced force deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Herda
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6081, USA
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25
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Chalmers GR. Can fast-twitch muscle fibres be selectively recruited during lengthening contractions? Review and applications to sport movements. Sports Biomech 2008; 7:137-57. [DOI: 10.1080/14763140701683023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Cramer JT, Beck TW, Housh TJ, Massey LL, Marek SM, Danglemeier S, Purkayastha S, Culbertson JY, Fitz KA, Egan AD. Acute effects of static stretching on characteristics of the isokinetic angle - torque relationship, surface electromyography, and mechanomyography. J Sports Sci 2007; 25:687-98. [PMID: 17454536 DOI: 10.1080/02640410600818416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, work, the joint angle at peak torque, acceleration time, isokinetic range of motion, mechanomyographic amplitude, and electromyographic amplitude of the rectus femoris during maximal concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 1.04 and 5.23 rad x s(-1) in men and women. Ten women (mean +/- s: age 23.0 +/- 2.9 years, stature 1.61 +/- 0.12 m, mass 63.3 +/- 9.9 kg) and eight men (age 21.4 +/- 3.0 years, stature 1.83 +/- 0.11 m, mass 83.1 +/- 15.2 kg) performed maximal voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 1.04 and 5.23 rad x s(-1). Following the initial isokinetic tests, the dominant leg extensors were stretched using four static stretching exercises. After the stretching, the isokinetic tests were repeated. Peak torque, acceleration time, and electromyographic amplitude decreased (P< or = 0.05) from pre- to post-stretching at 1.04 and 5.23 rad . s(-1); there were no changes (P > 0.05) in work, joint angle at peak torque, isokinetic range of motion, or mechanomyographic amplitude. These findings indicate no stretching-related changes in the area under the angle - torque curve (work), but a significant decrease in peak torque, which suggests that static stretching may cause a "flattening" of the angle - torque curve that reduces peak strength but allows for greater force production at other joint angles. These findings, in conjunction with the increased limb acceleration rates (decreased acceleration time) observed in the present study, provide tentative support for the hypothesis that static stretching alters the angle - torque relationship and/or sarcomere shortening velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Cramer
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-6081, USA.
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Shima N, McNeil CJ, Rice CL. Mechanomyographic and electromyographic responses to stimulated and voluntary contractions in the dorsiflexors of young and old men. Muscle Nerve 2007; 35:371-8. [PMID: 17143886 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of age on mechanomyography (MMG) has not been examined for electrically evoked contractions. Similar to torque, we expected that postactivation potentiation of the MMG would differ between young and old subjects. Additionally, under voluntary conditions, we compared normalized MMG and electromyographic (EMG) signals in relation to torque, and expected that MMG, unlike EMG, would be affected by age. In 10 young and 10 old men, electrical stimulation was delivered before and after a 10-s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) to assess potentiation of contractile (twitch torque; Pt), electrical (M-wave amplitude), and mechanical (MMG amplitude) properties of the dorsiflexors. Subsequently, subjects performed voluntary contractions at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% MVC for calculation of normalized MMG-torque and EMG-torque relationships. Following the MVC, Pt and evoked MMG were larger than at rest in both groups, but M-wave amplitude was unchanged. Twitch potentiation was greater in young than old, whereas evoked MMG was unaffected by age. Under voluntary conditions, values for MMG and EMG were similar between groups, except for greater MMG at MVC in young men. The shape of MMG and EMG relationships to torque was similar only in young men. Using the aging model, our results indicate that potentiation of the mechanical components (MMG) differ from those of twitch torque. Furthermore, the comparison of normalized voluntary MMG with age provides additional support for the concept of age-related motor unit remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Shima
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Shiromizu, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan.
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28
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Nonaka H, Mita K, Akataki K, Watakabe M, Itoh Y. Sex Differences in Mechanomyographic Responses to Voluntary Isometric Contractions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38:1311-6. [PMID: 16826029 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000227317.31470.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to compare mechanomyography (MMG) and the force relationship during isometric ramp contractions of biceps brachii muscles in females and males to identify sex differences in the MMG responses. METHODS Subjects (10 females and 9 males; age range, 20-26 yr) were asked to exert an isometric elbow flexion torque from 5 to 80% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at a constant rate of 10% MVC per second. The MMG signal was normalized to muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) as measured by ultrasound imaging. RESULTS MVC and CSA were significantly different between the two sex groups (males>females); however, there was no sex difference in the MVC relative to muscle CSA (MVC/CSA). The root mean squared amplitude of the MMG (RMSMMG) was significantly greater in the male group than the female group. The RMSMMG relative to muscle CSA was also different between the two sex groups (males>females). The sex difference in the RMSMMG/CSA was more pronounced with increasing torque. The torque levels at which the inflection points in the MMG amplitude were located were different between the two sex groups. The mean power frequency (MPF) of the MMG in the female group increased monotonously, which was different from that in the male group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the sex differences in MMG responses and motor unit (MU) activation strategy result from the predominant activity of the MU with slow-twitch fibers and an effective fused tetanus in females. In addition, the sex-related differences in muscle morphology, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and muscle stiffness appear to be insufficiently reflected in the present MMG responses, particularly relative to muscle CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Nonaka
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Coburn JW, Housh TJ, Malek MH, Weir JP, Cramer JT, Beck TW, Johnson GO. Mechanomyographic and electromyographic responses to eccentric muscle contractions. Muscle Nerve 2006; 33:664-71. [PMID: 16435341 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the modulation of torque during eccentric muscle actions. Mechanomyographic (MMG) and electromyographic (EMG) signals have been used to examine motor control strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the MMG and EMG amplitude and frequency in relation to torque during eccentric muscle contractions. Eight women performed eccentric leg extension muscle contractions at 10-100% of peak torque (PT). A piezoelectric crystal contact sensor and bipolar surface electrodes were placed on the vastus medialis to detect the MMG and EMG signals. Polynomial regression analyses indicated that EMG amplitude (r(2)=0.994) and MMG wavelet center frequency (CF) (r(2)=0.846) increased linearly to 100% eccentric PT, whereas there were no significant relationships for EMG wavelet CF or MMG amplitude and eccentric torque. These results suggested that eccentric torque is primarily modulated through changes in motor unit firing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared W Coburn
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., KHS-235, Fullerton, California 92834-6870, USA.
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Beck TW, Housh TJ, Cramer JT, Weir JP, Johnson GO, Coburn JW, Malek MH, Mielke M. Mechanomyographic amplitude and frequency responses during dynamic muscle actions: a comprehensive review. Biomed Eng Online 2005; 4:67. [PMID: 16364182 PMCID: PMC1343566 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-4-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine the literature that has investigated mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude and frequency responses during dynamic muscle actions. To date, the majority of MMG research has focused on isometric muscle actions. Recent studies, however, have examined the MMG time and/or frequency domain responses during various types of dynamic activities, including dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) and isokinetic muscle actions, as well as cycle ergometry. Despite the potential influences of factors such as changes in muscle length and the thickness of the tissue between the muscle and the MMG sensor, there is convincing evidence that during dynamic muscle actions, the MMG signal provides valid information regarding muscle function. This argument is supported by consistencies in the MMG literature, such as the close relationship between MMG amplitude and power output and a linear increase in MMG amplitude with concentric torque production. There are still many issues, however, that have yet to be resolved, and the literature base for MMG during both dynamic and isometric muscle actions is far from complete. Thus, it is important to investigate the unique applications of MMG amplitude and frequency responses with different experimental designs/methodologies to continually reassess the uses/limitations of MMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Beck
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 68583
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 68583
| | - Joel T Cramer
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA 73019
| | - Joseph P Weir
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Division of Physical Therapy, Des Moines University, Osteopathic Medical Center, Des Moines, IA, USA 50312
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 68583
| | - Jared W Coburn
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA 92834
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 68583
| | - Michelle Mielke
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA 68583
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Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Weir JP, Johnson GO, Coburn JW, Beck TW. The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 93:530-9. [PMID: 15599756 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of static stretching on peak torque (PT), the joint angle at PT, mean power output (MP), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1) of the stretched and unstretched limbs. Twenty-one volunteers [mean age (SD) 21.5 (1.3) years] performed maximal, voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extensions for the dominant and non-dominant limbs at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1). Surface EMG (muVrms) and MMG (mVrms) signals were recorded from the VL and RF muscles during the isokinetic tests. PT (Nm), the joint angle at PT, and MP (W) were calculated by a dynamometer. Following the initial isokinetic tests, the dominant leg extensors were stretched using four static stretching exercises. After the stretching, the isokinetic tests were repeated. PT decreased (P< or =0.05) from pre- to post-stretching for the stretched limb at 60 and 240 degrees x s(-1) and for the unstretched limb at 60 degrees x s(-1). EMG amplitude of the VL and RF also decreased (P< or =0.05) from pre- to post-stretching for the stretched and unstretched limbs. There were no stretching-induced changes (P>0.05) for the joint angle at PT, MP, or MMG amplitude. These findings indicated stretching-induced decreases in force production and muscle activation. The decreases in PT and EMG amplitude for the unstretched limb suggested that the stretching-induced decreases may be due to a central nervous system inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Cramer
- Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Science Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0259, USA.
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Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Weir JP, Johnson GO, Berning JM, Perry SR, Bull AJ. Gender, muscle, and velocity comparisons of mechanomyographic and electromyographic responses during isokinetic muscle actions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004; 14:116-27. [PMID: 15043634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of peak torque (PT), mean power output (MP), mechanomyographic (MMG) and electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) in males and females during maximal, concentric isokinetic muscle actions. Subjects performed maximal leg extensions at 60 degrees s(-1), 120 degrees s(-1), 180 degrees s(-1), 240 degrees s(-1), 300 degrees s(-1), 360 degrees s(-1), 420 degrees s(-1), and 480 degrees s(-1). No gender differences were observed, but there were muscle-specific differences for the patterns of MMG MPF, EMG amplitude, and EMG MPF. The MP and MMG amplitude increased to 180-240 degrees s(-1), plateaued, and then decreased to 480 degrees s(-1). MMG MPF for the VL and VM remained unchanged to 300 degrees s(-1), but then increased to 480 degrees s(-1). The EMG amplitude for the RF and EMG MPF for the VL decreased across velocity. Overall, these findings indicated that there were muscle-specific, velocity-related differences in the associations among motor control strategies (EMG amplitude and MPF) and the mechanical aspects of isokinetic muscular activity (MMG amplitude and MPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Cramer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Center for Youth Fitness and Sports Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0229, USA.
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33
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Evetovich TK, Boyd JC, Drake SM, Eschbach LC, Magal M, Soukup JT, Webster MJ, Whitehead MT, Weir JP. Effect of moderate dehydration on torque, electromyography, and mechanomyography. Muscle Nerve 2002; 26:225-31. [PMID: 12210387 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypotheses that the mechanomyographic (MMG) signal would be affected by hydration status due to changes in the intra- and extracellular fluid content (which could affect the degree of fluid turbulence), changes in the filtering properties of the tissues between the MMG sensor and muscle, and changes in torque production that may accompany dehydration. Ten subjects (age 22.5 +/- 1.6 years) were tested for maximal isometric (MVC), submaximal isometric (25, 50, and 75%MVC), and maximal concentric isokinetic muscle strength of the biceps brachii in either a euhydrated or dehydrated state while the electromyographic (EMG) and MMG signals were recorded. Separate three-way and two-way ANOVAs indicated no change in torque, EMG amplitude, EMG mean power frequency (MPF), MMG amplitude, and MMG MPF with dehydration. The lack of dehydration effect suggests that MMG may be more reflective of the intrinsic contractile processes of a muscle fiber (torque production) or the motor control mechanisms (reflected by the EMG) than the tissues and fluids surrounding the muscle fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy K Evetovich
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, University of Southern Mississippi, School of Human Performance and Recreation, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA.
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Perry SR, Housh TJ, Weir JP, Johnson GO, Bull AJ, Ebersole KT. Mean power frequency and amplitude of the mechanomyographic and electromyographic signals during incremental cycle ergometry. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2001; 11:299-305. [PMID: 11532601 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationships for mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, MMG mean power frequency (MPF), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, and EMG MPF versus power output during incremental cycle ergometry. Seventeen adults volunteered to perform an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. The test began at 50 W and the power output was increased by 30 W every 2 min until the subject could no longer maintain 70 rev min(-1). The MMG and EMG signals were recorded simultaneously from the vastus lateralis during the final 10 s of each power output and analyzed. MMG amplitude, MMG MPF, EMG amplitude, EMG MPF, and power output were normalized as a percentage of the maximal value from the cycle ergometer test. Polynomial regression analyses indicated that MMG amplitude increased (P<0.05) linearly across power output, but there was no change (P>0.05) in MMG MPF. EMG amplitude and MPF were fit best (P<0.05) with quadratic models. These results demonstrated dissociations among the time and frequency domains of MMG and EMG signals, which may provide information about motor control strategies during incremental cycle ergometry. The patterns for amplitude and frequency of the MMG signal may be useful for examining the relationship between motor-unit recruitment and firing rate during dynamic tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Perry
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, P.O. Box 0229, Lincoln, NE 68588-0229, USA.
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Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Ebersole KT, Perry SR, Bull AJ. Mechanomyographic amplitude and mean power output during maximal, concentric, isokinetic muscle actions. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23:1826-31. [PMID: 11102905 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4598(200012)23:12<1826::aid-mus5>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the velocity-related patterns for mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, mean power output (MP), and peak torque (PT) of the superficial muscles of the quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis [VL], rectus femoris [RF], and vastus medialis [VM]) during maximal, concentric, isokinetic leg extensions. Twelve adult women (mean +/- SD: 22 +/- 3 years of age) performed such leg extensions at velocities of 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, and 300 degrees /s on a Cybex 6000 dynamometer. PT decreased (P < 0.05) across velocity to 240 degrees /s. MP and MMG amplitude for each muscle (VL, RF, and VM) increased (P < 0.05) with velocity to 240 degrees /s and then plateaued. EMG amplitude increased (P < 0.05) to 240°/s for the VL, remained unchanged across velocity (P > 0.05) for the RF, and increased (P < 0.05) to 300 degrees /s for the VM. The results indicated close similarities between the velocity-related patterns for MMG amplitude and MP, but dissociations among EMG amplitude, MMG amplitude, and PT. These findings support the recent hypothesis that MMG amplitude is more closely related to MP than PT during maximal, concentric, isokinetic muscle actions and, therefore, may be useful for monitoring training-induced changes in muscle power.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Cramer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0229, USA.
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