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Schierbauer J, Günther S, Haupt S, Zimmer RT, Herz D, Voit T, Zimmermann P, Wachsmuth NB, Aberer F, Moser O. Acute Fluid Intake Impacts Assessment of Body Composition via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Pilot Trial. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040473. [PMID: 37110132 PMCID: PMC10143694 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has proven to be particularly useful due to its inexpensive and rapid assessment of total body water and body density. However, recent fluid intake may confound BIA results since equilibration of fluid between intra- and extracellular spaces may take several hours and furthermore, ingested fluids may not be fully absorbed. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of different fluid compositions on the BIA. A total of eighteen healthy individuals (10 females, mean ± SD age of 23.1 ± 1.8 years) performed a baseline measurement of body composition before they consumed isotonic 0.9% sodium-chloride (ISO), 5% glucose (GLU) or Ringer (RIN) solutions. During the visit of the control arm (CON), no fluid was consumed. Further impedance analyses were conducted every 10 min after the fluid consumption for 120 min. We found statistically significant interactions between the effects of solution ingestion and time for intra- (ICW, p < 0.01) and extracellular water (ECW, p < 0.0001), skeletal muscle mass (SMM, p < 0.001) and body fat mass (FM, p < 0.01), respectively. Simple main effects analysis showed that time had a statistically significant effect on changes in ICW (p < 0.01), ECW (p < 0.01), SMM (p < 0.01) and FM (p < 0.01), while fluid intake did not have a significant effect. Our results highlight the importance of a standardized pre-measurement nutrition, with particular attention to hydration status when using a BIA for the evaluation of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-921-55-3467
| | - Svenja Günther
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Rebecca T. Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Daniel Herz
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Nadine B. Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Felix Aberer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.G.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (D.H.); (T.V.); (P.Z.); (N.B.W.); (F.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Kophamel S, Ward LC, Ariel E, Mendez D, O'Brien LM, Burchell L, Munns SL. A Standardized Protocol for Measuring Bioelectrical Impedance in Green Turtles ( Chelonia mydas). Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 96:87-99. [PMID: 36921269 DOI: 10.1086/722451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is gaining popularity in wildlife studies as a portable technology for immediate and nondestructive predictions of body composition components, such as fat-free and fat masses. Successful application of BIA for field-based research requires the identification and control of potential sources of error, as well as the creation of and adherence to a standardized protocol for measurement. The aim of our study was to determine sources of error and to provide a standardization protocol to improve measurement precision of BIA on juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas; n=35). We assessed the effects of altered environmental temperature (20°C-30°C), postprandial state (2-72 h), and time out of the water (2 h) on five impedance parameters (resistance at infinite frequency [Rinf], resistance at zero frequency [R0], resistance at 50 kHz [R50], phase angle at 50 kHz [PhA50], and intracellular resistance [Ri]) using a bioimpedance spectroscopy device. Technical reproducibility of measurements and interanimal variability were also assessed. We found an inverse exponential relationship between change in environmental temperature and impedance parameters Rinf, R0, and R50. Postprandial state significantly increased Rinf and Ri 72 h after feeding. BIA measurements were reproducible within individual juvenile green turtles at temperatures from 20°C to 30°C. Significant variation in impedance values was found between animals at all temperatures, sampling times, and postprandial states, but the relative differences (%) were small in magnitude. Our study suggests that measurement precision is improved by measuring animals at consistent environmental temperatures close to their preferred thermal range. We propose a standardized protocol of measurement conditions to facilitate laboratory and field use of BIA for body composition assessment studies in turtles.
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Küçükkubaş N, Aytar SH, Açıkada C, Hazır T. Bioelectric impedance analyses for young male athletes: A validation study. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-185209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Küçükkubaş
- Sports Management Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Erdoğan Akdağ Campus, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Sinem Hazır Aytar
- Sports Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Science, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Açıkada
- School of Physical Education and Sports, European University of Lefke, Lefke, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tahir Hazır
- Exercise and Sports Sciences Departmant, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Beytepe Campus, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Gagnon DD, Peltonen JE, Rintamäki H, Gagnon SS, Herzig KH, Kyröläinen H. The effects of skin and core tissue cooling on oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle during walking and running. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1995-2004. [PMID: 27800701 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1245436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin and core tissue cooling modulates skeletal muscle oxygenation at rest. Whether tissue cooling also influences the skeletal muscle deoxygenation response during exercise is unclear. We evaluated the effects of skin and core tissue cooling on skeletal muscle blood volume and deoxygenation during sustained walking and running. Eleven male participants walked or ran six times on a treadmill for 60 min in ambient temperatures of 22°C (Neutral), 0°C for skin cooling (Cold 1), and at 0°C following a core and skin cooling protocol (Cold 2). Difference between oxy/deoxygenated haemoglobin ([diffHb]: deoxygenation index) and total haemoglobin content ([tHb]: total blood volume) in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle was measured continuously. During walking, lower [tHb] was observed at 1 min in Cold 1 and Cold 2 vs. Neutral (P˂0.05). Lower [diffHb] was seen at 1 and 10 min in Cold 2 vs. Neutral by 13.5 ± 1.2 µM and 15.3 ± 1.4 µM and Cold 1 by 10.4 ± 3.1 µM and 11.1 ± 4.1 µM, respectively (P˂0.05). During running, [tHb] was lower in Cold 2 vs. Neutral at 10 min only (P = 0.004). [diffHb] was lower at 1 min in Cold 2 by 11.3 ± 3.1 µM compared to Neutral and by 13.5 ± 2.8 µM compared to Cold 1 (P˂0.001). Core tissue cooling, prior to exercise, induced greater deoxygenation of the VL muscle during the early stages of exercise, irrespective of changes in blood volume. Skin cooling alone, however, did not influence deoxygenation of the VL during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique D Gagnon
- a School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada.,b Center for Research in Occupational Safety and Health , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada.,c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Juha E Peltonen
- d Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine , Clinicum, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,e Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Hannu Rintamäki
- c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,f Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Oulu , Finland
| | - Sheila S Gagnon
- g Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Western Ontario , Ontario , Canada
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- c Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,h Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.,i Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- j Department of Biology of Physical Activity , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
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Rincon K, Shah P, Ramella-Roman J, Bhansali S. A Review of Engineering Approaches for Lymphedema Detection. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 9:79-90. [PMID: 27333610 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2016.2582178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Edema is a condition characterized by excessive swelling of a tissue due to an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. More specifically, disruption of the lymphatic system causes what is known as lymphedema. This condition is commonly seen in breast cancer survivors postradiotherapy treatment, chemotherapy, and surgeries; this population has shown high risk of developing lymphedema in the limbs. Throughout the years, several techniques have been developed and implemented for the detection and measurement of lymphedema, including techniques to measure the diseased limb volume, electrical techniques to measure the water content in tissues, and optical techniques to measure either tissue absorbance or limb volume. However, there is still no method that allows for continuous monitoring of the disease and provides a better understanding of its progression. This study describes the different approaches that have been used and that could be used for lymphedema measurement.
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Bohn B, Müller MJ, Simic-Schleicher G, Kiess W, Siegfried W, Oelert M, Tuschy S, Berghem S, Holl RW. BMI or BIA: Is Body Mass Index or Body Fat Mass a Better Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents? A German/Austrian/Swiss Multicenter APV Analysis of 3,327 Children and Adolescents. Obes Facts 2015; 8:156-65. [PMID: 26087841 PMCID: PMC5644847 DOI: 10.1159/000381227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body fat (BF) percentiles for German children and adolescents have recently been published. This study aims to evaluate the association between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived BF and cardiovascular risk factors and to investigate whether BF is better suited than BMI in children and adolescents. METHODS Data of 3,327 children and adolescents (BMI > 90th percentile) were included. Spearman's correlation and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) were applied determining the associations between BMI or BF and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism). Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to predict cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS A significant association between both obesity indices and hypertension was present (all p < 0.0001), but the correlation with BMI was stronger (r = 0.22) compared to BF (r = 0.13). There were no differences between BMI and BF regarding their correlation with other cardiovascular risk factors. BF significantly predicted hypertension (AUC = 0.61), decreased HDL-cholesterol (AUC = 0.58), elevated LDL-cholesterol (AUC = 0.59), elevated liver enzymes (AUC = 0.61) (all p < 0.0001), and elevated triglycerides (AUC = 0.57, p < 0.05), but not abnormal carbohydrate metabolism (AUC = 0.54, p = 0.15). For the prediction of cardiovascular risk factors, no significant differences between BMI and BF were observed. CONCLUSION BIA-derived BF was not superior to BMI to predict cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bohn
- University of Ulm, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm, Germany
- *M.Sc. Public Health Nutrition Barbara Bohn, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 41, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred James Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Monika Oelert
- Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuschy
- SANA Clinic Lichtenberg, Department of Pediatric Medicine, SPZ – Adiposity Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Berghem
- Rehabilitation Clinic ‘Klaus Störtebeker’ for Children and Adolescents, Kölpinsee, Germany
| | - Reinhard W. Holl
- University of Ulm, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm, Germany
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Farber PL, Hochman B, Furtado F, Ferreira LM. Electricity and colloidal stability: how charge distribution in the tissue can affects wound healing. Med Hypotheses 2013; 82:199-204. [PMID: 24365275 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of endogenous electric fields in wound healing is still not fully understood. Electric fields are of fundamental importance in various biological processes, ranging from embryonic development to disease progression, as described by many investigators in the last century. This hypothesis brings together some relevant literature on the importance of electric fields in physiology and pathology, the theory of biologically closed electric circuits, skin battery (a phenomenon that occurs after skin injury and seems to be involved in tissue repair), the relationship between electric charge and interstitial exclusion, and how skin tissues can be regarded as colloidal systems. The importance of electric charges, as established in the early works on the subject and the relevance of zeta potential and colloid stability are also analyzed, and together bring a new light for the physics involved in the wound repair of all the body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Hochman
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabianne Furtado
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chen TI, Tsai PH, Lin JH, Lee NY, Liang MT. Effect of short-term heat acclimation on endurance time and skin blood flow in trained athletes. Open Access J Sports Med 2013; 4:161-70. [PMID: 24379721 PMCID: PMC3871901 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s45024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine whether short-term, ie, five daily sessions, vigorous dynamic cycling exercise and heat exposure could achieve heat acclimation in trained athletes and the effect of heat acclimation on cutaneous blood flow in the active and nonactive limb. Methods Fourteen male badminton and table tennis athletes (age = 19.6 ± 1.2 years) were randomized into a heat acclimation (EXP, n = 7) or nonheat acclimation (CON, n = 7) group. For 5 consecutive days, the EXP group was trained using an upright leg cycle ergometer in a hot environment (38.4°C ± 0.4°C), while the CON group trained in a thermoneutral environment (24.1°C ± 0.3°C). For both groups, the training intensity and duration increased from a work rate of 10% below ventilatory threshold (VT) and 25 minutes per session on day 1, to 10% above VT and 45 minutes per session on day 5. Subjects performed two incremental leg cycle exercise tests to exhaustion at baseline and post-training in both hot and thermoneutral conditions. Study outcome measurements include: maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max); exercise heart rate (HR); O2 pulse; exercise time to exhaustion (tmax); skin blood flow in the upper arm (SkBFa) and quadriceps (SkBFq); and mean skin (Tsk). Results The significant heat-acclimated outcome measurements obtained during high-intensity leg cycling exercise in the high ambient environment are: (1) 56%–100% reduction in cutaneous blood flow to the active limbs during leg cycling exercise; (2) 28% drop in cutaneous blood flow in nonactive limbs at peak work rate; (3) 5%–10% reduction in heart rate (HR); (4) 10% increase in maximal O2 pulse; and (5) 6.6% increase in tmax. Conclusion Heat acclimation can be achieved with five sessions of high-intensity cycling exercise in the heat in trained athletes, and redistribution of cutaneous blood flow in the skin and exercising muscle, and enhanced cardiovascular adaptations provide the heat-acclimated athletes with the capability to increase their endurance time in the hot environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sport Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Center for Physical Education, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Hsi Tsai
- Department of Sport and Leisure, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsing Lin
- Department of Physical Education, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yuean Lee
- College of Living Technology, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Tc Liang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
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Caicedo-Eraso JC, González-Correa CH, González-Correa CA. Use of electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes for Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/407/1/012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Caduff A, Talary MS, Zakharov P. Cutaneous blood perfusion as a perturbing factor for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 2010; 12:1-9. [PMID: 20082580 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2009.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that noninvasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) has the potential to revolutionize diabetes therapy. However, current approaches to NIGM studied to date have not yet demonstrated a level of acceptable functionality to allow real-time use, beyond restricted fields of application. A number of reviews have been devoted to the subject of NIGM with different focuses related to challenges and a description of the respective underlying problems. This review is aimed at addressing a fundamental topic in the application of NIGM that seems to have received less attention, by describing the perturbations that result in a reduced functionality of NIGM in daily use. Here we provide a short general introduction to glucose monitoring and a basic illustration of the electromagnetic spectrum with a description of the respective physical mechanisms underlying the measurement techniques. This allows for a better understanding of how these perturbing factors affect the measured properties. Cutaneous blood perfusion is one of the major perturbing factors to NIGM, along with variations in temperature, migration of water, and the effect of attachment of the sensor to the skin. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying perfusion variation over time and within the measured human skin tissue matrix is required to enable a discrimination between glucose-induced effects within the tissue and various biophysical impacts to be made. It is suggested that a plurality of probing frequencies is required to discriminate glucose-related changes from the perturbations. A system designed to perform the measurements in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum with dedicated sensors (multisensor approach) has the potential to more efficiently and reliably discriminate glucose-related information from perturbations. This can be achieved by combining signals related to measurements with different physical underlying mechanisms of the interaction between the probing field propagation and the tissue to help account for the different sources of perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Caduff
- R&D Department, Solianis Monitoring AG, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Yvonne-Tee GB, Rasool AHG, Halim AS, Rahman ARA. Reproducibility of different laser Doppler fluximetry parameters of postocclusive reactive hyperemia in human forearm skin. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2005; 52:286-92. [PMID: 16125628 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postocclusive reactive hyperemia in forearm skin is a commonly used model for studying microvascular reactivity function, particularly in the assessment of vascular effect of topically applied pharmacological substances. In this study, we investigated the reproducibility of several different laser-Doppler-derived parameters in the measurement of postocclusive reactive hyperemia at forearm skin in healthy subjects. METHODS Eighteen young healthy male volunteers were recruited and studied in a supine position while fasted. Forearm blood flow was occluded at suprasystolic pressure for 3 min. Microvascular perfusion was measured continuously using laser Doppler fluximetry. Parameters studied were maximum increase in hyperemia perfusion (PORHmax), time-to-peak (Tp), amplitude of peak perfusion (PORHpeak), percentage of hyperemic response (PORH%) and mean velocity of the hyperemia increase (PORHmax/Tp). Measurement was performed twice within each study day for 2 study days. Coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; with 95% confidence interval) were calculated for each parameter. An ICC value above 0.75 was interpreted as "excellent reproducibility". RESULTS ICC analysis showed that all studied parameters, except for PORH%, demonstrated excellent reproducibility for both within- and between-day measurements. Satisfactory intraday and interday coefficients of variation (<10%) were also obtained for these parameters. CONCLUSION Laser-Doppler-derived PORHmax, Tp, PORHpeak and PORHmax/Tp were highly reproducible parameters for measuring microvascular reactivity during reactive hyperemia, with PORHmax shown as the most reproducible index. PORH% is, however, less reproducible. These findings have implications for the use of laser Doppler fluximetry coupled with 3-min-occlusion PORHmax as a useful and reliable noninvasive clinical measurement index of microvascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Get Bee Yvonne-Tee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Tee GBY, Rasool AHG, Halim AS, Rahman ARA. Dependence of human forearm skin postocclusive reactive hyperemia on occlusion time. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2005; 50:73-8. [PMID: 15233971 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human postocclusive forearm skin reactive hyperemia is not only a potential means of identifying early signs of cardiovascular diseases, it can also be used in the assessment of local microvascular response to topically applied compounds on skin. The method is not fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the influence of occlusion time on postocclusive forearm skin reactive hyperemia using laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF). METHODS Twenty healthy male volunteers were studied on three separate days (at least 24 h apart) via a randomized design. Volunteers were studied in a supine position while fasted. Laser Doppler probes were placed on the volar surface of the antebrachium. In preliminary studies, 3 min of upper arm blood flow occlusion at suprasystolic pressure was found to be the upper limit of tolerability. Subsequently, volunteers were randomized to receive 1, 2, or 3 min occlusion on 3 different days. Skin blood flux was measured before, during, and after occlusion using LDF. The primary outcome calculated was maximal change in skin blood flux before and after occlusion, expressed in arbitrary units (AU). RESULTS Skin blood flux changes (mean+/-S.E.M.) after 1, 2, and 3 min occlusion period were 15.39+/-1.27 AU, 24.84+/-1.62 AU, and 32.14+/-1.73 AU, respectively. Using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant difference (P<.05) in skin blood flux changes were revealed between these three occlusion durations, where 3 min occlusion produced significantly greater in skin blood flux occlusion change compared to 1 and 2 min occlusion. DISCUSSION Three minutes of occlusion produces the greater postocclusive reactive hyperemia. It is recommended that studies using postocclusive forearm skin reactive hyperemia should occlude the forearm for at least 3 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Get Bee Yvonne Tee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Ishiguro N, Kanehisa H, Miyatani M, Masuo Y, Fukunaga T. A comparison of three bioelectrical impedance analyses for predicting lean body mass in a population with a large difference in muscularity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 94:25-35. [PMID: 15605280 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-004-1259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that, as compared to whole-body bioelectrical impedance (BI) analysis, segmental BI analysis can estimate lean body mass (LBM) more accurately in a population with a large difference in muscularity. In addition to whole-body BI, which determines impedance (Z) between the wrist and ankle, two segmental BI analyses which determine the Z value of every body segment in each of (1) the arms, legs and trunk (distal BI) and (2) the upper arms, upper legs and trunk (proximal BI) were applied to a group of 125 male athletes and 75 non-athletes. The subjects were divided into validation and cross-validation groups. Simple and multiple regression analyses were applied to (length)(2)/Z (BI index) values for the whole-body and each body segment, to develop the prediction equations of LBM measured using air-displacement plethysmography. In the validation group, the SE of estimation was similar in the whole-body (3.4 kg, 5.4%), distal (3.4 kg, 5.5%) and proximal BI (3.3 kg, 5.2%) analyses. However, the whole-body and distal BI analyses produced systematical errors in the estimates of LBM. Moreover, the residuals in the two methods significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the ratios of BI indices of the upper arms and upper legs to those of the arms and legs, respectively, calculated as variables approximating the relative development of lean tissues at the proximal area of limbs. On the other hand, the proximal BI analysis was validated and cross-validated. Thus, the accuracy of estimating LBM was similar in the whole-body and the two segmental BI analyses. However, the prediction equations derived from the use of the whole-body BI index and a combination of the arms, legs and trunk BI indices produced a systematical error relating to the difference between the limb segments in lean tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ishiguro
- Department of Life Sciences (Sports Sciences), University of Tokyo, Japan.
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