1
|
Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Fascioliasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:157-201. [PMID: 39008266 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mª Adela Valero
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim N, Abdel Khalek EM, Makhlouf NA, Abdel-Gawad M, Mekky M, Ramadan HKA, Abu-Elfatth A, El-Latif NA, Hassan MK, Eldeeb R, Abdelmalek M, Abd-Elsalam S, Attia H, Mohammed AQ, Aboalam H, Farouk M, Alboraie M. Clinical characteristics of human fascioliasis in Egypt. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16254. [PMID: 37758788 PMCID: PMC10533839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of epidemiological data on fascioliasis in Egypt regarding disease characteristics and treatment outcomes across different governorates. We aimed to identify the demographic, epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with fascioliasis in Egypt. Data on human fascioliasis were collected retrospectively from patients' medical records in the period between January 2018 and January 2020. The study included 261 patients. More than 40% of enrolled patients were in the age group of 21-40 years old. Geographically, 247 (94.6%) were from Assiut Governorate with 69.3% were from rural areas. The most frequent symptoms were right upper quadrant pain (96.9%), and fever (80.1%). Eosinophilia was found in 250 cases (95.8%). Hepatic focal lesions were detected in 131 (50.2%); out of them 64/131 (48.9%) had a single lesion. All patients received a single dose of 10 mg/kg of triclabendazole, 79.7% responded well to a single dose, while in 20.3% a second ± a third dose of treatment was requested. After therapy, there was a reduction in leucocytes, Fasciola antibodies titer, eosinophilic count, bilirubin, and liver enzymes with an increase in hemoglobin level. According to our findings, a high index of suspicion should be raised in cases with fever, right upper abdominal pain, and peripheral eosinophilia, and further imaging workup is mandated to detect hepatic focal lesions. Prompt treatment by triclabendazole can serve as a standard-of-care regimen even for suspected cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Ibrahim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Assiut Liver Center, Ministry of Health, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nahed A Makhlouf
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Abdel-Gawad
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71631, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Mekky
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abu-Elfatth
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Abd El-Latif
- Parasitology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Khalaf Hassan
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut Liver Center, Ministry of Health, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rabab Eldeeb
- Tropical Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmalek
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Hanaa Attia
- General Manager of Endemic Diseases Control, Ministry of Health, Behera, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Qasem Mohammed
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71631, Egypt
| | - Hani Aboalam
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut Liver Center, Ministry of Health, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Farouk
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Torrús-Tendero D, Ramos-Rincón JM, Salvador F, Oliveira I, Llenas-García J, Arsuaga M, Crespillo-Andújar C, Pérez-Molina JA. Imported fascioliasis in Spain: Report of 12 cases from the +REDIVI collaborative network (2009–2019). Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 47:102286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Ahmad T, Imran M, Ahmad K, Khan M, Baig M, Al-Rifai RH, Al-Omari B. A Bibliometric Analysis and Global Trends in Fascioliasis Research: A Neglected Tropical Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3385. [PMID: 34944162 PMCID: PMC8698141 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fascioliasis is a zoonotic neglected tropical disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. In endemic regions, fascioliasis represents a huge problem in livestock production and significantly threatens public health. The present study was performed to assess the key bibliometric indicators, plot the global research outcome, and strive to find the research frontiers and trends in fascioliasis. Methods: A descriptive bibliometric and visualized study was conducted. The data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The WoSCC was searched using key terms covering a wide range of synonyms related to the causative agent (Fasciola) and the disease (fascioliasis). The database search was performed for the period from the inception of WoSCC until 3 October 2021. The downloaded data were exported into VOSviewer software version 1.6.17 for Windows to construct co-authorship countries, keywords co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling sources, and citation and documents network visualization. Results: A total of 4165 documents were included in this bibliometric analysis. The included documents were published between the years 1913 and 2021 from 116 countries, mainly from the United States of America (USA) (n = 482, 11.6%). The most prolific year was 2018 (n = 108). The journal that attracted the most publications was Veterinary Parasitology (n = 324), while the most productive author in this area was Rondelaud D (n = 156). In terms of total link strength (TLS), the most influential country was Spain (TLS = 236), followed by the USA (TLS = 178). Conclusion: This study is of value for veterinarians, doctors, and researchers to explore insights into research frontiers and trends in research on fascioliasis. The number of publications on fascioliasis has increased over time. Above 35% of publications have been produced by the USA, France, England, and Spain. "Fasciola hepatica" and "cattle" were the most dominant and widely used keywords. Research collaboration should be established among the researchers from developing countries with developed countries to learn new advancements and effective control strategies for fascioliasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 25289, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kabir Ahmad
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China;
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 25289, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rami H. Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- KU Research and Data Intelligence Support Center (RDISC) AW 8474000331, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lalor R, Cwiklinski K, Calvani NED, Dorey A, Hamon S, Corrales JL, Dalton JP, De Marco Verissimo C. Pathogenicity and virulence of the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola Gigantica that cause the zoonosis Fasciolosis. Virulence 2021; 12:2839-2867. [PMID: 34696693 PMCID: PMC8632118 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1996520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the parasites to infect and multiply in their intermediate snail hosts, and their adaptation to a wide variety of mammalian definitive hosts contribute to their high transmissibility and distribution. Within the mammalian host, the trauma caused by the immature flukes burrowing through the liver parenchyma is associated with most of the pathogenesis. Similarly, the feeding activity and the physical presence of large flukes in the bile ducts can lead to anemia, inflammation, obstruction and cholangitis. The high frequency of non-synonymous polymorphisms found in Fasciola spp. genes allows for adaptation and invasion of a broad range of hosts. This is also facilitated by parasite’s excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that mediate physiological changes that allows their establishment within the host. ES contains cathepsin peptidases that aid parasite invasion by degrading collagen and fibronectin. In the bile ducts, cathepsin-L is critical to hemoglobin digestion during feeding activities. Other molecules (peroxiredoxin, cathepsin-L and Kunitz-type inhibitor) stimulate a strong immune response polarized toward a Treg/Th2 phenotype that favors fluke’s survival. Helminth defense molecule, fatty acid binding proteins, Fasciola-specific glycans and miRNAs modulate host pro-inflammatory responses, while antioxidant scavenger enzymes work in an orchestrated way to deter host oxidant-mediated damage. Combining these strategies Fasciola spp. survive for decades within their mammalian host, where they reproduce and spread to become one of the most widespread zoonotic worm parasites in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lalor
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Amber Dorey
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Hamon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jesús López Corrales
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Pius Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolina De Marco Verissimo
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brown JD. Human Fascioliasis (Liver Fluke Disease) in Hawai'i: Case Report and Review of Human Fascioliasis Acquired in the United States. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2021; 80:212-217. [PMID: 34522889 PMCID: PMC8433574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a foodborne zoonotic infection caused by the trematode liver flukes: Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). Infections may cause acute and chronic hepatobiliary tract diseases in herbivore animals and humans. Fascioliasis is present worldwide, particularly in regions where sheep and cattle are raised. The global burden of human fascioliasis is estimated to be 2.7 million. Human infections are rare in the United States, and most infections were acquired abroad. In the 1950s, several human cases of F. gigantica infection were reported from Hawai'i, but no subsequent cases have been reported until the case described here. This case report describes a man from Hawai'i Island who ate raw wild watercress, and 22 days later, developed acute phase fascioliasis with fever, acute hepatitis, peripheral eosinophilia, and hypodense lesions seen on liver diagnostic imaging. Immunodiagnostic tests were positive for Fasciola species. Based on earlier reports from Hawai'i, F. gigantica infection was likely. Clinical abnormalities resolved after treatment with triclabendazole. Physicians should consider fascioliasis in immigrants and travelers from endemic areas with acute hepatitis and eosinophilia after eating raw wild watercress or chronic hepatobiliary disease. Hepatobiliary imaging and serological testing are useful for diagnosis. Oral triclabendazole is the preferred treatment. Animal fascioliasis appears to be spreading in the United States, and the popularly perceived health benefits of eating raw wild watercress and other aquatic plants may lead to more human infections. The rarity of human infections in Hawai'i suggests that it is safe to eat commercially grown watercress cultivated in Hawai'i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Brown
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI
- The Queens Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernandes Serodio J, Lopes M, Ribeiro R, Trindade M, Favas C, Delgado Alves J. Hepatic fascioliasis as an important differential diagnosis to cholangiocarcinoma. J Travel Med 2021; 28:6225384. [PMID: 33851705 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Fernandes Serodio
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal
| | - Mónica Lopes
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal
| | - Renata Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal
| | - Miguel Trindade
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal
| | - Catarina Favas
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal.,Immunemediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal
| | - José Delgado Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal.,Immunemediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora 2720-276, Portugal.,Immune Response and Vascular Disease Unit, Chronic Diseases Research Center - CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon 1150-082, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carnevale S, Malandrini JB, Pantano ML, Sawicki M, Kamenetzky L, Soria CC, Velásquez JN. Use of the PCR in a Combined Methodological Approach for the Study of Human Fascioliasis in an Endemic Area. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:455-460. [PMID: 33113104 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fascioliasis is a worldwide distributed trematodiasis considered a neglected disease. Diagnosis in humans has been traditionally based on parasitological and immunological techniques. Recently we reported the use of the PCR in stool samples for the individual diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate human fascioliasis by a combination of diagnostic methods in an area where the disease is highly endemic in animals. METHODS We studied all the inhabitants (N = 240) of Tatón village, Argentina, by Fasciola hepatica rproCL1-ELISA. Among them, we continued the study with 13 cases that had at least two positive serological tests, who performed a questionnaire, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and collection of blood and faeces. Blood/serum samples were used for Fh rproCL1-ELISA and liver function tests. Faeces were used for parasitological analysis and PCR of a repetitive fragment of Fasciola sp. RESULTS Among the 13 patients, 9 presented symptoms of biliary colic. All patients repeated positive serology. F. hepatica eggs were not detected. PCR was positive in 11 cases. CONCLUSION This is the first report employing an approach based on the combination of methods for the evaluation of human fascioliasis in an endemic area, which includes molecular tools with a high value in detecting low infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Carnevale
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 563,, CP 1281, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra. Cuadra, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - María Laura Pantano
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 563,, CP 1281, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirna Sawicki
- Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz". Uspallata 2272, CP 1282, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Paraguay 2155 piso 13, CP 1121, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cecilia Soria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra. Cuadra, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Jorge Néstor Velásquez
- Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz". Uspallata 2272, CP 1282, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Swain B, Otta S, Sahu MK, Uthansingh K. Fasciola hepatica association with gallbladder malignancy: A rare case report. Trop Parasitol 2021; 11:42-45. [PMID: 34195060 PMCID: PMC8213112 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_25_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolopsis is one of the rarest parasitic infestations in our locality. The usual definitive host is the sheep; humans are accidental hosts in the life cycle of a liver fluke - Fasciola. In the chronic phage of Fasciolopsis, the patient presents with cholestasis and cholangitis. Yet, there is no proof of association of this parasite with carcinoma of the gallbladder. We here present such a case of Fasciolopsis in association with Stage IV gallbladder malignancy. Fasciola worms were extracted on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography done as a palliative measure for associated obstructive jaundice. The chronic phase of this zoonotic infection can be easily misdiagnosed as any other cause of obstructive jaundice if not properly investigated. The importance of repeated stool examination for parasitic ova and cysts should never be understated as it may help in early diagnosis of such treatable conditions as well as preventing the complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bichitrananda Swain
- Department of Microbiology, SLN Medical College & Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Sarita Otta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, S 'O' A Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, S 'O' A Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kanishka Uthansingh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, S 'O' A Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reddy AK, Chakrabarty M, Liu Y, Cohen SH, Maniar AH. Case Report: Clonorchis sinensis Infection Associated with Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:2065-2068. [PMID: 33939634 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode prevalent in East Asia, causes hepatobiliary infection. Exposure typically occurs through ingestion of raw or undercooked fish containing the encysted larval form of the parasite. Extrahepatobiliary disease has not commonly been described. In this case report, we describe an unusual case of C. sinensis infection associated with eosinophilic pneumonia. A middle-aged man from China presented with subacute cough and was found to have a bilateral diffuse eosinophilic pneumonia with associated peripheral eosinophilia. Stool microscopy revealed C. sinensis eggs, and the patient improved after treatment with prednisone and praziquantel. Pulmonary clonorchiasis should be considered in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia from areas highly endemic for this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana K Reddy
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis Health, Sacramento, California
| | - Melony Chakrabarty
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis Health, Sacramento, California
| | - Ying Liu
- 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Health, Sacramento, California
| | - Stuart H Cohen
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis Health, Sacramento, California
| | - Archana H Maniar
- 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis Health, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mirzadeh A, Jafarihaghighi F, Kazemirad E, Sabzevar SS, Tanipour MH, Ardjmand M. Recent Developments in Recombinant Proteins for Diagnosis of Human Fascioliasis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:13-25. [PMID: 32974849 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is an important neglected tropical disease that causes severe injury to the bile ducts and liver. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method for detection of Fasciola hepatica infection plays a vital role in early treatment. Currently, the diagnosis of fascioliasis is mainly conducted via serological tests using the excretory/secretory (E/S) products, which might cross-react with antigens from other helminth parasitic diseases. Hence, the development of serodiagnosis test using recombinant antigens may contribute to differentiate fascioliasis from other helminth infections. In the past 20 years, many attempts have been made to exert different F. hepatica recombinant antigens to obtain a well-established standard assay with high accuracy. In this review, we address recent studies that refer to the development of serodiagnosis tests for diagnosis of human fascioliasis based on the candidate recombinant antigens produced by different approaches. Meanwhile, in the present review, some main factors have been highlighted to improve the accuracy of diagnostic tests such as the effect of refolding methods to recover antigens' tertiary structure as well as applying a mixture of recombinant antigens with the highest sensitivity and specificity to improve the accuracy of diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mirzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Farid Jafarihaghighi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1584743311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemirad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokouh Shahrokhi Sabzevar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Tanipour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mehdi Ardjmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1584743311, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heydarian P, Ashrafi K, Rahimi Esboei B, Mohe-Bali M, Kia EB, Aryaeipour M, Bozorgomid A, Chegeni Sharafi A, Mokhayeri H, Rokni MB. Emerging Cases of Fascioliasis in Lorestan Province, Western Iran: Case Series Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:195-200. [PMID: 34178779 PMCID: PMC8213628 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola spp. We report five serologically and molecularly confirmed cases in an emerging region in Iran. A retrospective, case series study, performed in Lorestan Province, west of Iran between January 2015 and June 2016. From 1256 patients examined, 16 patients had positive serum ELISA. Five cases were approved as infected with fasciolosis using stool exam and PCR. Age ranged from 24 to 80 yr with mean age of 45 years. All of patients were adults and four of them had abdominal and back pain. Other symptoms included fever and chills, coughing and sore throat, weight loss, cutaneous manifestations. All patients lived in the rural environment, and four reported the ingestion of raw aquatic plants such as watercress. In fecal examination for fluke eggs, four samples were positive for F. hepatica eggs. Conventional PCR analysis showed that five human stools were positive for F. hepatica. All of 5 patients were treated with the usual dose of triclabendazole. A history of recent consumption of raw aquatic plants (in 4 out of 5 patients) is an important finding, but in one patient the source of infection remained unclear. Lorestan should be considered as an emerging region for this disease and further research in this province should be carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Heydarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Keyhan Ashrafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Rahimi Esboei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohe-Bali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Aryaeipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Chegeni Sharafi
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mokhayeri
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fasciola Species Introgression: Just a Fluke or Something More? Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:25-34. [PMID: 33097425 PMCID: PMC7575431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The threats posed by a range of viral and bacterial zoonotic diseases inevitably receive renewed attention in the wake of global pandemic events due to their overt and devastating impacts on human health and the economy. Parasitic zoonoses, however, many of which affect millions of people each day, are frequently ignored. In the case of fasciolosis, caused by infection with Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica, this oversight has allowed for the expansion of areas of parasite sympatry and thus increased the incidence of hybridization and possible introgression between the two species. Here we highlight how an increased demand for animal-derived protein, combined with a lack of appropriate tools for detection of these events, is changing the status quo of these zoonotic parasites. Increased demand for animal-derived protein from Fasciola hepatica-endemic countries has led to a growing number of reports of hybridization between F. hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in Southeast Asia. Hybridization and eventual introgression have been reported in a range of protozoan, helminth, and arthropod parasites and act as important drivers of evolutionary change and adaptation. Introgression between Fasciola spp. remains unproven but has potentially serious human and animal health consequences as seen in other parasites. New tools for the characterization of hybridization and introgression events between Fasciola spp. are needed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gandhi P, Schmitt EK, Chen CW, Samantray S, Venishetty VK, Hughes D. Triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis: a review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 113:797-804. [PMID: 31638149 PMCID: PMC6906998 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis occurs on all inhabited continents. It is caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, trematode parasites with complex life cycles, and primarily affects domestic livestock. Humans become infected after ingestion of contaminated food (typically wild aquatic vegetables) or water. Fascioliasis may be difficult to diagnose as many symptoms are non-specific (e.g. fever, abdominal pain and anorexia). Treatment options are limited, with older effective therapies such as emetine and bithionol no longer used due to safety issues and unavailability, and most common anthelminthics having poor efficacy. Clinical trials conducted over a 25-year period, together with numerous case reports, demonstrated that triclabendazole has high efficacy in the treatment of human fascioliasis in adults and children and in all stages and forms of infection. Triclabendazole was approved for human use in Egypt in 1997 and in France in 2002 and a donation program for the treatment of fascioliasis in endemic countries was subsequently established by the manufacturer and administered by the World Health Organization. Here the published data on triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis are reviewed, with a focus on more recent data, in light of the 2019 US Food and Drug Administration approval of the drug for use in human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Gandhi
- Global Health Development Unit, Forum 3, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Lichtstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther K Schmitt
- Global Health Development Unit, Forum 3, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Lichtstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza-315/5320 B, East Hanover NJ, 07936 USA
| | - Sanjay Samantray
- Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Salarpuria-Sattva Knowledge City, Inorbit Mall Rd, Silpa Gram Craft Village, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana 500081, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Venishetty
- Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Salarpuria-Sattva Knowledge City, Inorbit Mall Rd, Silpa Gram Craft Village, HITEC City, Hyderabad, Telangana 500081, India
| | - David Hughes
- Global Health Development Unit, Forum 3, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, Lichtstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Incidencia y distribución geográfica de pacientes hospitalizados con fascioliasis en España. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 38:257-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Calvani NED, Ichikawa-Seki M, Bush RD, Khounsy S, Šlapeta J. Which species is in the faeces at a time of global livestock movements: single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays for the differentiation of Fasciola spp. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:91-101. [PMID: 32006549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, is a globally distributed zoonotic disease of livestock. While F. hepatica and F. gigantica have temperate and tropical distributions, respectively, parasite sympatry occurs in parts of Asia and Africa. A growing protein demand has the potential to facilitate the translocation of parasites from endemic to non-endemic areas, via associated international livestock movements. Such is the case in Southeast Asia, where livestock trade from F. hepatica-endemic countries into China and Vietnam may account for detection of F. hepatica hybrid/introgressed forms. Of particular importance is Lao People's Democratic Republic, which acts as a major livestock thoroughfare for the region. Our ability to understand the impacts of livestock-associated Fasciola spp. movements on local animal and human health is hindered by a lack of ante-mortem diagnostic tools allowing species differentiation. Molecular tools have been developed for Fasciola spp. differentiation, however those rely on access to pure DNA from adult specimens, limiting their application to post-mortem use. Our aim was to detect and differentiate F. hepatica from the endemic F. gigantica in local smallholder cattle in a region of Southeast Asia with frequent livestock trafficking. To do this we designed and validated ante-mortem molecular assays for Fasciola spp. differentiation targeting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within ITS1 and lsrRNA. We then deployed these SNP genotyping assays to diagnose Fasciola spp. infection in 153 local cattle from 27 villages in Northern Laos. We demonstrate the presence of F. hepatica DNA, confirmed by qualitative Sanger and quantitative Illumina amplicon sequencing of ITS1 and lsrRNA, and highlight the shortfalls of Sanger sequencing for Fasciola spp. identification due to the preferential amplification of F. gigantica nucleotides in mixed DNA samples. The outlined protocol enables rapid surveillance of faecal samples for the presence of Fasciola species eggs, their co-infection and/or infection with F. hepatica/F. gigantica hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Eliza Davies Calvani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia; Mekong Livestock Research Group, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Japan
| | - Russell David Bush
- Mekong Livestock Research Group, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Syseng Khounsy
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gastric Pseudotumor due to Fasciola hepatica. ACG Case Rep J 2019; 6:e00173. [PMID: 31750366 PMCID: PMC6831146 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. He had epigastric tenderness on examination. Basic studies revealed anemia and eosinophilia. A computed tomography scan showed a mass in the anterior wall of the stomach. Endoscopic studies revealed a subepithelial lesion in the same area. An exploratory laparotomy was conducted to rule out any malignancy, revealing a mass fixed to the transverse colon and stomach. Biopsy samples showed eosinophilic nodules and multiple cystic structures compatible with Fasciola hepatica. The patient was treated with triclabendazole with complete resolution. Gastric pseudotumor secondary to F. hepatica is a rare but treatable disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kalita P, Shukla H, Das KC, Tripathi T. Conserved Arg451 residue is critical for maintaining the stability and activity of thioredoxin glutathione reductase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 674:108098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
Luther RA, Wang D, Kim TK, Khalili K, Gold WL. Crawling Into View. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:1079-1081. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Luther
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - David Wang
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Tae Kyoung Kim
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Korosh Khalili
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Wayne L Gold
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prevalence and risk factors of Fascioliasis in China. Acta Trop 2019; 196:180-188. [PMID: 31077642 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis has emerged as a significant public health problem among ruminants and humans. Human fascioliasis is a neglected food-borne parasitic disease, which has emerged or reemerged in more than 60 countries worldwide. In China, the first case of human fascioliasis was reported in 1921 in Fujian Province. The first major outbreak of this parasitic disease in 29 patients occurred in 2012 in Yunnan Province. Nonetheless, the prevalence of fascioliasis in China is probably underestimated due to the poor sensitivity of diagnostic tests, limited epidemiological data, and a poor understanding of the impact of subclinical illness. This study aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in China so as to improve the prevention and control of this disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Khademvatan S, Majidiani H, Khalkhali H, Taghipour A, Asadi N, Yousefi E. Prevalence of fasciolosis in livestock and humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:116-123. [PMID: 31300099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a re-emerging disease of livestock and rarely human, being endemic in Iran. Herein, we aimed to quantitatively assess the human seropositivity and prevalence of animal fasciolosis in our country. English and Persian databases were searched for online literature. In total, 10 human seroprevalence studies and 49 animal investigations were obtained from January 1999 to March 2019. Only animal studies were included in meta-analysis. The highest human seroprevalence was detected in Guilan province (326/452; 50%). The pooled prevalence of the animal infections was calculated as 6.2% (95% CI = 5.8%-6.5%). In detail, the prevalence ranges in three hosts included as 4.2% (95% CI = 3.8%-4.5%) in sheep, 9% (95% CI = 8.0%-9.9%) in cattle and 3.1% (95% CI = 2.4%-3.7%) in goat. The highest prevalence rate was observed in the north, 11.8% (95% CI = 8.4%-15.1%), while the lowest prevalence was detected in the central Iran with 1.8% (95% CI = 1.3%-2.3%). Egger's regression test revealed no significant publication bias (P = 0.307). Also, there was no remarkable correlation between weighted prevalence and sample size (P = 0.249) as well as year of study (P = 0.172). These findings would be necessary for better preventive strategies in case of human and animal Fasciola infections as well as snail intermediate hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Khademvatan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Khalkhali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Inpatient's Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Asadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Elham Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
González-Miguel J, Valero MA, Reguera-Gomez M, Mas-Bargues C, Bargues MD, Simón F, Mas-Coma S. Numerous Fasciola plasminogen-binding proteins may underlie blood-brain barrier leakage and explain neurological disorder complexity and heterogeneity in the acute and chronic phases of human fascioliasis. Parasitology 2019; 146:284-298. [PMID: 30246668 PMCID: PMC6402360 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018001464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human fascioliasis is a worldwide, pathogenic food-borne trematodiasis. Impressive clinical pictures comprising puzzling polymorphisms, manifestation multifocality, disease evolution changes, sequelae and mortality, have been reported in patients presenting with neurological, meningeal, neuropsychic and ocular disorders caused at distance by flukes infecting the liver. Proteomic and mass spectrometry analyses of the Fasciola hepatica excretome/secretome identified numerous, several new, plasminogen-binding proteins enhancing plasmin generation. This may underlie blood-brain barrier leakage whether by many simultaneously migrating, small-sized juvenile flukes in the acute phase, or by breakage of encapsulating formations triggered by single worm tracks in the chronic phase. Blood-brain barrier leakages may subsequently occur due to a fibrinolytic system-dependent mechanism involving plasmin-dependent generation of the proinflammatory peptide bradykinin and activation of bradykinin B2 receptors, after different plasminogen-binding protein agglomeration waves. Interactions between diverse parasitic situations and non-imbalancing fibrinolysis system alterations are for the first time proposed that explain the complexity, heterogeneity and timely variations of neurological disorders. Additionally, inflammation and dilation of blood vessels may be due to contact system-dependent generation bradykinin. This baseline allows for search of indicators to detect neurological risk in fascioliasis patients and experimental work on antifibrinolytic treatments or B2 receptor antagonists for preventing blood-brain barrier leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. González-Miguel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - M. A. Valero
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Reguera-Gomez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Mas-Bargues
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez No. 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. D. Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - F. Simón
- Área de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - S. Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Fascioliasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:71-103. [PMID: 31297760 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a major parasitic disease caused by the digenetic trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a well-known veterinary problem of worldwide distribution. Fascioliasis is the vector-borne parasitic disease presenting the widest latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal distribution known at present. In the last two decades, many surveys have shown it to be an important public health problem as well, including estimations of 2.4 million, up to 17 million people, or even higher depending on the hitherto unknown situations mainly in several regions of Asia and Africa. In recent years, the increasing number of human case reports in many countries of the five continents and the results of studies on pathogenicity and immunity, mainly regarding the chronic period of the disease, were the reasons why it was decided to no longer consider fascioliasis merely a secondary zoonotic disease but an important human parasitic disease. In this chapter, we review the most relevant features in relation to fascioliasis, including from the most traditional to the most innovative aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mª Adela Valero
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qureshi AW, Zeb A, Mansoor A, Hayat A, Mas-Coma S. Fasciola hepatica infection in children actively detected in a survey in rural areas of Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province, northern Pakistan. Parasitol Int 2018; 69:39-46. [PMID: 30445198 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human fascioliasis is a freshwater snail borne, zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola liver flukes which are widely spread throughout Pakistan and has recently proved to be endemic in humans of the Punjab province. To verify whether fasciolids are also affecting humans outside this province, studies were conducted in four communities comprising rural and urban areas of Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkha province, northern Pakistan. Activities comprised two surveys, a coprological one to look for Fasciola infection and another to get information on potential human infection sources and risk factors by means of a questionnaire. Out of 540 subjects of all ages surveyed, only 4 children (0.74%) were found positive for Fasciola eggs: two 9- and 13-year old boys and two 7- and 16-year old girls. Burden per child ranged 73-146 eggs per gram of faeces (epg), with an average of 106 ± 15.4 epg. Based on the egg size, the infection was diagnosed to be caused by F. hepatica. Serum analyses showed eosinophilia and elevated enzyme values in liver function tests. The Mardan area fits well to all transmission and epidemiological requirements of F. hepatica, namely the presence of infected livestock reservoirs throughout, the appropriate climatic factors (mainly monthly temperature variation along the year), and the existence of adequate freshwater collections. The existence of the specific lymnaeid snail vector species for F. hepatica transmission was reported in the neighbouring Swat valley time ago. Results show that human fascioliasis may be widespread in Pakistan and that both F. hepatica and F. gigantica may be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma W Qureshi
- Department of Zoology, GC Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Aurang Zeb
- Department of Zoology, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abu Mansoor
- Department of Zoology, GC Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Azam Hayat
- Department of Zoology, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures. Parasitology 2018; 145:1665-1699. [PMID: 29991363 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human fascioliasis infection sources are analysed for the first time in front of the new worldwide scenario of this disease. These infection sources include foods, water and combinations of both. Ingestion of freshwater wild plants is the main source, with watercress and secondarily other vegetables involved. The problem of vegetables sold in uncontrolled urban markets is discussed. Distinction between infection sources by freshwater cultivated plants, terrestrial wild plants, and terrestrial cultivated plants is made. The risks by traditional local dishes made from sylvatic plants and raw liver ingestion are considered. Drinking of contaminated water, beverages and juices, ingestion of dishes and soups and washing of vegetables, fruits, tubercles and kitchen utensils with contaminated water are increasingly involved. Three methods to assess infection sources are noted: detection of metacercariae attached to plants or floating in freshwater, anamnesis in individual patients, and questionnaire surveys in endemic areas. The infectivity of metacercariae is reviewed both under field conditions and experimentally under the effects of physicochemical agents. Individual and general preventive measures appear to be more complicated than those considered in the past. The high diversity of infection sources and their heterogeneity in different countries underlie the large epidemiological heterogeneity of human fascioliasis throughout.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Moazeni M, Ahmadi A. Controversial aspects of the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica. Exp Parasitol 2016; 169:81-9. [PMID: 27475124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a well-known helminth parasite, with significant economic and public health importance all over the world. It has been known since more than 630 years ago and a considerable research work has been carried out on the life cycle of this important parasite. In the hepatic phase of the life cycle of F. hepatica, it is assumed that the young flukes, after about 6-7 weeks of migration in the liver parenchyma, enter into the bile ducts of the definitive hosts and become sexually mature. Even though the secretion of cysteine peptidases including cathepsin L and B proteases by F. hepatica may justify this opinion, because of several scientific reasons and based on the experimental studies conducted in different animals (reviewed in this article), the entry of parasites into the bile ducts, after their migration in the liver parenchyma seems to be doubtful. However, considering all the facts relating to the hepatic and biliary phases of the life cycle of F. hepatica, two alternative ideas are suggested: 1) some of the migrating juvenile flukes may enter into the bile ducts immediately after reaching the liver parenchyma while they are still very small, or 2) when newly excysted juvenile flukes are penetrating into the intestinal wall to reach the liver through the abdominal cavity, a number of these flukes may enter into the choleduct and reach the hepatic bile ducts, where they mature. According to the previously performed natural and experimental studies in different animals and human beings, the supporting and opposing evidences for the current opinion as well as the evidences that might justify the two new ideas are reviewed and discussed briefly. In conclusion, our present knowledge about the time and quality of the entry of F. hepaticas into the bile ducts, seems to be insufficient, therefore, there are still some dark corners and unknown aspects in this field that should be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amin Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fullerton JK, Vitale M, Vitale GC. Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for the Treatment of Fasciola hepatica Presenting as Biliary Obstruction. Surg Innov 2016; 13:179-82. [PMID: 17056782 DOI: 10.1177/1553350606292745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with the Fasciola hepatica liver fluke is a rare cause of biliary obstruction, especially within the United States. Humans can become accidental hosts of this parasite by ingesting contaminated drinking water or plants. Symptoms during the acute phase include fever, right upper quadrant pain, eosinophilia, and hepatomegaly. During the chronic stage of infection, the parasite may remain asymptomatic for many years. This article presents a case of biliary obstruction due to Fasciola hepatica that was diagnosed and treated successfully with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James K Fullerton
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Helminthosis and eosinophilia in Spain (1990-2015). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 36:120-136. [PMID: 26827134 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The finding of blood eosinophilia in a patient is a relatively frequent reason to refer him/her to a Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases. The doctor usually intends to rule out a parasitic disease in the autochthonous population, travelers or immigrants. It is uncommon for an eosinophilia to be produced by protozoa infection, whereas helminth parasites are more frequently associated with an increase of eosinophil counts in the infected patient. Eosinophilia can be the only abnormal finding, or it could be part of more complex clinical manifestations suffered by the patient. Furthermore, many, but not all, helminth infections are associated with eosinophilia, and the eosinophil level (low, high) differs according to parasite stages, helminth species, and worm co-infections. The purpose of the present article is to carry out a systematic review of cases and case series on helminth infections and eosinophilia reported in Spain from 1990 to 2015, making a distinction between autochthonous and imported (immigrants and travelers) cases, and studying their relationship with immunodepression situations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim AJ, Choi CH, Choi SK, Shin YW, Park YK, Kim L, Choi SJ, Han JY, Kim JM, Chu YC, Park IS. Ectopic Human Fasciola hepatica Infection by an Adult Worm in the Mesocolon. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:725-30. [PMID: 26797440 PMCID: PMC4725238 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.6.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here an ectopic case of Fasciola hepatica infection confirmed by recovery of an adult worm in the mesocolon. A 56-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with discomfort and pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal CT showed 3 abscesses in the left upper quadrant, mesentery, and pelvic cavity. On surgical exploration, abscess pockets were found in the mesocolon of the sigmoid colon and transverse colon. A leaf-like worm found in the abscess pocket of the mesocolon of the left colon was diagnosed as an adult fluke of F. hepatica. Histologically, numerous eggs of F. hepatica were noted with acute and chronic granulomatous inflammations in the subserosa and pericolic adipose tissues. Conclusively, a rare case of ectopic fascioliasis has been confirmed in this study by the adult worm recovery of F. hepatica in the mesocolon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ah Jin Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Sun Keun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyu Park
- Department of Parasitology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Suk Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Young Chae Chu
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - In Suh Park
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biliary Fasciola gigantica infestation in a nonendemic area--An intraoperative surprise. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:1983-6. [PMID: 26362003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 7year old girl infected with the zoonotic trematode, Fasciola gigantica is reported because of the extreme rarity of this condition in our region. Because of the overlap in symptomatology and radiological features, the more common amebic/pyogenic liver abscess in the initial hepatic migratory phase and later choledochal cyst/biliary ascariasis when the parasite was finally located in the extrahepatic bile ducts, were thought of delaying effective treatment. The diagnosis was confirmed only by surgical exploration. The characteristic contrast enhanced computed tomography scan features retrospectively identified were multiple clustered hypodense lesions in the liver with peripheral enhancement in the acute hepatic migratory phase, and periportal tracking in the previously affected areas of the liver with biliary dilatation and a linear hypointense lesion within the common bile duct in the chronic phase. Although a known association, she did not have eosinophilia. This child, who became symptomatic at the age of 5.5years, also appears to be one of the youngest patients reported with Fasciola gigantica.
Collapse
|
32
|
Teke M, Önder H, Çiçek M, Hamidi C, Göya C, Çetinçakmak MG, Hattapoğlu S, Ülger BV. Sonographic findings of hepatobiliary fascioliasis accompanied by extrahepatic expansion and ectopic lesions. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:2105-2111. [PMID: 25425366 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.12.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to describe the sonographic findings of hepatobiliary fascioliasis with extrahepatic expansion and ectopic lesions. METHODS The study included 45 patients with fascioliasis. All diagnoses were confirmed via serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sonographic findings in the hepatobiliary system, extrahepatic expansion, and ectopic lesions were defined. RESULTS The most common hepatic lesions were subcapsular localized, small, confluent, multiple hypoechoic nodules with poorly defined borders. We also detected ectopic lesion in 5 patients (11.1%) and live parasites in the gallbladder and bile duct in 11 (24.4%). CONCLUSIONS The large spectrum of entities in the differential diagnosis of hepatobiliary fascioliasis may lead to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. However, the diagnosis can be made when the characteristic sonographic features are seen, such as heterogeneity of the liver with multiple poorly defined hypoechoic-isoechoic lesions and multiple echogenic nonshadowing particles in the gallbladder or common bile ducts. Nonetheless, the differential diagnosis of fascioliasis versus other hepatic lesions may still be difficult. In these situations, pathologic confirmation should be performed to exclude the possibility of malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Memik Teke
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Önder
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mutalip Çiçek
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Cihad Hamidi
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Cemil Göya
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güli Çetinçakmak
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Salih Hattapoğlu
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Burak Veli Ülger
- Departments of Radiology (M.T., H.Ö., C.H., C.G., M.G.Ç., S.H.), Microbiology (M.Ç.), and General Surgery (B.V.Ü.), Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ashrafi K, Bargues MD, O'Neill S, Mas-Coma S. Fascioliasis: A worldwide parasitic disease of importance in travel medicine. Travel Med Infect Dis 2014; 12:636-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
34
|
Behzad C, Lahmi F, Iranshahi M, Mohammad Alizadeh AH. Finding of biliary fascioliasis by endoscopic ultrasonography in a patient with eosinophilic liver abscess. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2014; 8:310-8. [PMID: 25473389 PMCID: PMC4241640 DOI: 10.1159/000367592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is an endemic zoonotic disease in Iran. It occurs mainly in sheep-rearing areas of temperate climates, but sporadic cases have been reported from many other parts of the world. The usual definitive host is the sheep. Humans are accidental hosts in the life cycle of Fasciola. Typical symptoms may be associated with fascioliasis, but in some cases diagnosis and treatment may be preceded by a long period of abdominal pain and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. We report a case with epigastric and upper quadrant abdominal pain for the last 6 months, with imaging suggesting liver abscess and normal biliary ducts. The patient had no eosinophilia with negative stool examinations, so she was initially treated with antibiotics for liver abscess. Her clinical condition as well as follow-up imagings showed appropriate response after antibiotic therapy. Finally, endoscopic ultrasonography revealed Fasciola hepatica, which was then extracted with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Behzad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Lahmi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Iranshahi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Diagnosis of human fascioliasis by stool and blood techniques: update for the present global scenario. Parasitology 2014; 141:1918-46. [PMID: 25077569 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Before the 1990s, human fascioliasis diagnosis focused on individual patients in hospitals or health centres. Case reports were mainly from developed countries and usually concerned isolated human infection in animal endemic areas. From the mid-1990s onwards, due to the progressive description of human endemic areas and human infection reports in developing countries, but also new knowledge on clinical manifestations and pathology, new situations, hitherto neglected, entered in the global scenario. Human fascioliasis has proved to be pronouncedly more heterogeneous than previously thought, including different transmission patterns and epidemiological situations. Stool and blood techniques, the main tools for diagnosis in humans, have been improved for both patient and survey diagnosis. Present availabilities for human diagnosis are reviewed focusing on advantages and weaknesses, sample management, egg differentiation, qualitative and quantitative diagnosis, antibody and antigen detection, post-treatment monitoring and post-control surveillance. Main conclusions refer to the pronounced difficulties of diagnosing fascioliasis in humans given the different infection phases and parasite migration capacities, clinical heterogeneity, immunological complexity, different epidemiological situations and transmission patterns, the lack of a diagnostic technique covering all needs and situations, and the advisability for a combined use of different techniques, at least including a stool technique and a blood technique.
Collapse
|
36
|
Demirci M, Yildirim M, Aridogan BC, Baysal V, Korkmaz M. Tissue Parasites in Patients with Chronic Urticaria. J Dermatol 2014; 30:777-81. [PMID: 14684933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic urticaria is an important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. We aimed to investigate the sero-prevalence of tissue parasites causing toxocariasis and fasciolosis in patients with chronic urticaria. All cases were analyzed for antibodies against Toxocara canis and Fasciola hepatica by modified (homemade) ELISA. The excretory/secretory products of Toxocara and Fasciola were used as antigens (ES-ELISA) in the test. In this study, the highest toxocariasis seropositivity (29.0%) rate and the highest fasciolosis seropositivity (14.5%) rate were found in patients with chronic urticaria. Fasciolosis seropositivity and total seropositivity of toxocariasis and fasciolosis in patients with chronic urticaria was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p<0.05). Toxocariasis seropositivity in patients with chronic urticaria was not significantly higher than that in healthy controls (p>0.05). We suggest that parasitic infections should be considered as an important cause of chronic urticaria. Serological methods should be used to expose the diagnosis of tissue parasites in such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Demirci
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mas-Coma S, Agramunt VH, Valero MA. Neurological and ocular fascioliasis in humans. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2014; 84:27-149. [PMID: 24480313 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800099-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a food-borne parasitic disease caused by the trematode species Fasciola hepatica, distributed worldwide, and Fasciola gigantica, restricted to given regions of Africa and Asia. This disease in humans shows an increasing importance, which relies on its recent widespread emergence related to climate and global changes and also on its pathogenicity in the invasive, biliary, and advanced chronic phases in the human endemic areas, mainly of developing countries. In spite of the large neurological affection capacity of Fasciola, this important pathogenic aspect of the disease has been pronouncedly overlooked in the past decades and has not even appear within the numerous reviews on the parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this wide retrospective review is an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of neurological and ocular fascioliasis caused by these two fasciolid species. The terms of neurofascioliasis and ophthalmofascioliasis are restricted to cases in which the direct affection of the central nervous system or the eye by a migrant ectopic fasciolid fluke is demonstrated by an aetiological diagnosis of recovered flukes after surgery or spontaneous moving-out of the fluke through the orbit. Cases in which the ectopic fluke is not recovered and the symptoms cannot be explained by an indirect affection at distance may also be included in these terms. Neurofascioliasis and ophthalmofascioliasis cases are reviewed and discussed. With regard to fascioliasis infection giving an indirect rise to neurological affection, the distribution and frequency of cases are analysed according to geography, sex, and age. Minor symptoms and major manifestations are discussed. Three main types of cases are distinguished depending on the characteristics of their manifestations: genuine neurological, meningeal, and psychiatric or neuropsychic. The impressive symptoms and signs appearing in each type of these cases are included. Brain examination techniques and neuroimaging useful for the diagnosis of neurological cases are exposed. Within fascioliasis infection indirectly causing ocular manifestations, case distribution and frequency are similarly analysed. A short analysis is devoted to clarify the first reports of a human eye infection. The affection of related and close organs is discussed by differentiating between cases of the dorsal spine, pulmonary manifestations, heart and vessel affection, findings in blood vessels, skin and dermatologic reactions, cases of ectopic mature flukes, and upper body locations. The clinical complexity of the puzzling polymorphisms, the disconcerting multifocality of the manifestations, and their changes along the evolution of the disease in the same patient, as well as the differences between the clinical pictures shown by different patients, are highlighted. The many syndromes involved are enumerated. The pathogenic and physiological mechanisms underlying neurofascioliasis and ophthalmofascioliasis caused by ectopic flukes and the physiopathogenic processes indirectly affecting the central nervous system and causing genuine neurological, meningeal, psychiatric, and ocular manifestations are discussed. The diagnosis of neurological and ophthalmologic fascioliasis is analysed in depth, including clinical and paraclinical diagnosis, eosinophilia in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, differential diagnosis from other parasitic infections such as helminthiases and myiases, an update of human fascioliasis diagnosis, and fluke and/or fluke egg recovery by surgery. Diagnostic analyses with faecal and blood samples for fascioliasis patients are updated. Therapy for patients with major neurological manifestations includes both antiparasitic treatments and anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Prognosis in fascioliasis patients with neurological manifestations is discussed, with emphasis on sequelae and fatal cases, and the care of patients with ophthalmologic manifestations is added. Conclusions indicate that neurological cases are overlooked in human fascioliasis endemic areas and also in developing countries in general. In remote zones, rural health centres and small hospitals in or near the human endemic areas do not dispose of the appropriate equipments for neurological analyses. Moreover, physicians may not be aware about the potential relationship between liver fluke infection and neurological implications, and such cases may therefore remain misdiagnosed, even in developed countries. Priority should henceforth be given to the consideration of neurological and ocular affection in human endemic areas, and efforts should be implemented to assess their characteristics and frequency. Their impact should also be considered when estimating the global burden of fascioliasis.
Collapse
Key Words
- Clinical polymorphisms, multifocality, manifestation changes, and syndromes
- Diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, sequelae, and fatal cases
- Distribution and frequency
- Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica
- Human fascioliasis
- Minor and major symptoms and signs
- Neurofascioliasis and ophthalmofascioliasis
- Neurological and ocular affections
- Neurological, meningeal, and psychiatric manifestations
- Ocular disorders
- Pathogenic and physiological mechanisms
Collapse
|
38
|
Mas-Coma S, Valero MA, Bargues MD. Fascioliasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 766:77-114. [PMID: 24903364 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
An incidental case of biliary fascioliasis with subtle clinical findings: US and MRCP findings. Radiol Oncol 2013; 47:125-7. [PMID: 23801908 PMCID: PMC3691091 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2013-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascioliasis is a disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Cholangitis is a common clinical manifestation. Although fascioliasis may show various radiological and clinical features, cases without biliary dilatation are rare. Case report We present unique ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings of a biliary fascioliasis case which doesn’t have biliary obstruction or cholestasis. Radiologically, curvilinear parasites compatible with juvenile and mature Fasciola hepatica within the gallbladder and common bile duct were found. The parasites appear as bright echogenic structures with no acoustic shadow on US and hypo-intense curvilinear lesions on T2 weighted MRCP images. Conclusions Imaging studies may significantly contribute to the diagnosis of patients with subtle clinical and laboratory findings, particularly in endemic regions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Musa D, Godbole G, Chiodini PL, Phillips R. Unusual case of a lung abscess. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-008306. [PMID: 23595175 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old Caucasian lady presented with a short history of pleuritic chest pain on the background of a 2-month history of fever, chills, 10-kg weight loss and cough with brown sputum after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She had persistent eosinophilia and was diagnosed with a lung abscess as seen on chest x-ray. She did not respond to standard intravenous broad spectrum antibacterial medication and her chest CT scan showed a moderate pleural collection in continuity with the abscess. She also underwent bronchoscopy, the microscopy of the bronchial washings revealing eggs of the trematode Fasciola. The bacterial and fungal cultures of the washings were sterile. She had visited Turkey in the previous year but did not remember consuming any watercress or aquatic plants. She was successfully treated with two doses of the antiparasitic agent triclabendazole. Ectopic Fasciola can be a rare cause of a lung abscess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duduzile Musa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tezer H, Yuksek SK, Parlakay AÖ, Gülhan B, Tavil B, Tunç B. Evaluation of cases with Fasciola hepatica infection: experience in 6 children. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the quantity and distribution of evidence from randomised controlled trials for the treatment of the major neglected tropical diseases and to identify gaps in the evidence with network analysis. DESIGN Systematic review and network analysis. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed from inception to 31 August 2011. STUDY SELECTION Randomised controlled trials that examined treatment of 16 neglected tropical diseases or complications thereof published in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, or Dutch. RESULTS We identified 971 eligible randomised trials. Leishmaniasis (184 trials, 23,039 participants) and geohelminth infections; 160 trials, 46,887 participants) were the most studied, while dracunculiasis (nine trials, 798 participants) and Buruli ulcer (five trials, 337 participants) were least studied. Relative to its global burden of disease, lymphatic filariasis had the fewest trials and participants. Only 11% of trials were industry funded. Either a single trial or trials with fewer than 100 participants comprised the randomised evidence for first or second line treatments for Buruli ulcer, human African trypanosomiasis, American trypanosomiasis, cysticercosis, rabies, echinococcosis, New World cutaneous leishmaniasis, and each of the foodborne trematode infections. Among the 10 disease categories with more than 40 trials, five lacked sufficient head to head comparisons between first or second line treatments. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable variation in the amount of evidence from randomised controlled trials for each of the 16 major neglected tropical diseases. Even in diseases with substantial evidence, such as leishmaniasis and geohelminth infections, some recommended treatments have limited supporting data and lack head to head comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Kappagoda
- Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research and Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Carnevale S, Cabrera MG, Cucher MA, di Risio CA, Malandrini JB, Kamenetzky L, Alazraqui M, Etchart CB, Pantano ML, Velásquez JN. Direct, immunological and molecular techniques for a fasciolosis survey in a rural area of San Luis, Argentina. J Parasit Dis 2012; 37:251-9. [PMID: 24431579 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a zoonosis caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, prevalent in cattle, that is actually emerging as a cause of disease in humans. The goal of this work was to describe the characteristics of fasciolosis in arroyo El Juncal region, La Toma, San Luis province, Argentina. In order to get this objective, a transversal, quantitative study was carried out by a fieldwork that allowed the collection of data, human, animal, and environmental samples. The materials were processed by direct, immunological and/or molecular diagnostic techniques. According to the geographical characteristics and in presence of all the definitive and intermediate hosts, reservoirs, and sources of infection, it was possible to describe the persistence of fasciolosis in the area. The prevalence was 11.90 % in humans (by serology), 5.26 % in cattle (by coprological analysis) and 61.76 % in snails (by PCR). The situation that was found for this area indicates that any measure of intervention for the control of this zoonosis should be adopted by multidisciplinary teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Carnevale
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, CP 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia 1917, CP 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Graciela Cabrera
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, CP 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Alejandra Cucher
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia 1917, CP 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Alicia di Risio
- Hospital Municipal General de Agudos "Dr. José María Penna", Pedro Chutro 3380, CP 1437 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra. Cuadra, CP 4700 San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Rivadavia 1917, CP 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcio Alazraqui
- Maestría en Epidemiología, Gestión y Políticas de Salud, Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Avenida 29 de Septiembre 3901 edificio "Leonardo Werthein", Remedios de Escalada, CP 1826 Lanús, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Cristina Beatriz Etchart
- Hospital Municipal General de Agudos "Dr. José María Penna", Pedro Chutro 3380, CP 1437 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Pantano
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, CP 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Néstor Velásquez
- Hospital Municipal de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz", Uspallata 2272, CP 1282, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rowan SE, Levi ME, Youngwerth JM, Brauer B, Everson GT, Johnson SC. The variable presentations and broadening geographic distribution of hepatic fascioliasis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 10:598-602. [PMID: 22373727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report 2 unrelated cases of hepatic fascioliasis in travelers returning to the United States from Africa and the Middle East. The first case presented with acute infection. Prominent clinical features included abdominal pain, elevated liver transaminases, serpiginous hepatic lesions, pericapsular hematoma, and marked peripheral eosinophilia. The second case was diagnosed in the chronic stage of infection and presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, cystic hepatic lesions, and an adult fluke in the common bile duct. We review the life cycle of Fasciola species, the corresponding clinical features during the stages of human infection, diagnostic methods, and the evolving understanding of the epidemiology of human fascioliasis, particularly emphasizing fascioliasis in African countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rowan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Figueroa-Santiago O, Delgado B, Espino AM. Fasciola hepatica saposin-like protein-2-based ELISA for the serodiagnosis of chronic human fascioliasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:355-61. [PMID: 21683266 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and evaluated for its diagnostic ability to detect human IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica saposin-like protein-2. The assay was compared with an indirect ELISA with excretory-secretory products (FhES) from adult F. hepatica. In an analysis of the sera of 37 patients infected with F. hepatica, 40 patients with other parasitic infections, and 50 healthy controls, the sensitivity of both ELISA assays was 100%. However, the FhSAP2-based ELISA was more specific (95.6%) than the FhES-ELISA (91.9%). These results demonstrated that FhSAP2 can be used in the serodiagnosis of chronic human fascioliasis with the additional advantage of being relatively cheap and easy to produce. Studies are in progress to evaluate this FhSAP2-ELISA assay in a large-scale prevalence surveys in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olgary Figueroa-Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico,PO BOX 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mohammad Alizadeh AH, Roshani M, Lahmi F, Davoodi NA, Rostami Nejad M, Seyyedmajidi MR, Zali MR. Cholangiocarcinoma in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and fascioliasis in endoscopic ultrasonography. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2011; 5:569-77. [PMID: 22110417 PMCID: PMC3219480 DOI: 10.1159/000333229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a worldwide zoonotic infection with Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The zoonoses are particularly endemic in sheep-raising countries and are also endemic in Iran. Typical symptoms that may be associated with fascioliasis can be divided by phases of the disease, including the acute or liver phase, the chronic or biliary phase, and ectopic or pharyngeal fascioliasis. Cholestatic symptoms may be absent, and in some cases diagnosis and treatment may be preceded by a long period of abdominal pain, eosinophilia and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. We report a case with epigastric and upper quadrant abdominal pain for the last 4 years, with imaging suggesting cholangiocarcinoma. Considering a new concept of endoscopic ultrasonography, at last F. hepatica was extracted with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Houshang Mohammad Alizadeh
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fica A, Dabanch J, Farias C, Castro M, Jercic MI, Weitzel T. Acute fascioliasis--clinical and epidemiological features of four patients in Chile. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 18:91-6. [PMID: 21668579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of its infrequent and protean presentation and the lack of clinical data, the management of acute infections with the foodborne trematode Fasciola hepatica is challenging. We report four serologically confirmed cases that illustrate our experience with this parasitic infection in Chile. All patients were adults presenting with upper abdominal pain. Other symptoms included fever, nausea/vomiting, and cutaneous manifestations. In all cases, marked eosinophilia was present. All patients lived in an urban environment, and three reported the consumption of raw watercress. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed hypodense hepatic lesions, whereas ultrasonography findings were unremarkable. One patient suffered portal vein thrombosis, which might be a rare complication of acute fascioliasis. All patients were successfully treated with triclabendazole. Our case series demonstrates that patients with acute fascioliasis typically present with a combination of upper abdominal pain, marked eosinophilia, and hypodense hepatic lesions on CT imaging. Diagnosis should be confirmed by serological investigation. A history of recent consumption of raw watercress is an important finding, but in some patients the source of infection remains obscure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fica
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Herrera Esquivel JDJ, Ramírez Medina S, Grimaldi Esquivel JC. [Obstructive jaundice secondary to the presence of liver fluke: a case report]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2011; 34:435-437. [PMID: 21530004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
|
49
|
Tolan RW. Fascioliasis Due toFasciola hepaticaandFasciola giganticaInfection: An Update on This ‘Neglected’ Neglected Tropical Disease. Lab Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1309/lmlfbb8pw4sa0yji] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
50
|
Kim TY, Lee YS, Yun JH, Kim JJ, Choi WH, Oh IH, Song HO, Chu JP. A case of probable mixed-infection with Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola sp.: CT and parasitological findings. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2010; 48:157-60. [PMID: 20585533 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here a human case probably mixed-infected with Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola sp. who was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan, serological findings, and/or fecal examination. The patient was a 43-year-old Korean female and was admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital with the complaints of fever and abdominal pain. On admission, marked eosinophilia was noted in her peripheral blood. CT scan showed specific lesions for clonorchiasis and fascioliasis in the liver, along with lesions suggestive of amebic abscess. Micro-ELISA revealed positive results for the 2 helminthic infections. Eggs of C. sinensis and trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica were observed in the stool. Treatment with praziquantel followed by metronidazole and tinidazole reduced abnormalities in the liver and eosinophilia. This is the first case report of a possible co-infection with 2 kinds of liver flukes in the Republic of Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yun Kim
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|