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Brazilian green propolis suppresses the hypoxia-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation in microglia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:906726. [PMID: 23983903 PMCID: PMC3747398 DOI: 10.1155/2013/906726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been recently proposed as a neuroinflammatogen, which drives microglia to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6. Considering the fact that propolis has hepatoprotective, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, propolis may have protective effects against the hypoxia-induced neuroinflammatory responses. In this study, propolis (50 μg/mL) was found to significantly inhibit the hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, by MG6 microglia following hypoxic exposure (1% O2, 24 h). Furthermore, propolis significantly inhibited the hypoxia-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in microglia. Moreover, systemic treatment with propolis (8.33 mg/kg, 2 times/day, i.p.) for 7 days significantly suppressed the microglial expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, a biomarker for oxidative damaged DNA, in the somatosensory cortex of mice subjected to hypoxia exposure (10% O2, 4 h). These observations indicate that propolis suppresses the hypoxia-induced neuroinflammatory responses through inhibition of the NF-κB activation in microglia. Furthermore, increased generation of ROS from the mitochondria is responsible for the NF-κB activation. Therefore, propolis may be beneficial in preventing hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation.
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Cremers CHP, van der Schaaf IC, Dankbaar JW, Velthuis BK, Rinkel GJE. Cerebral CT Perfusion in Patients with Perimesencephalic and Those with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Stroke 2013; 9:183-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The cause of perimesencephalic hemorrhage is unknown, but a venous source is suggested. If perimesencephalic hemorrhage is of venous origin, less elevation of the intracranial pressure and less perfusion deficits are expected than after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aims We compared perfusion in the acute stage after perimesencephalic hemorrhage and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods We included 45 perimesencephalic hemorrhage patients and 45 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, who were matched on clinical condition at admission and underwent computerized tomographic scanning <72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral blood flow was assessed in 12 predefined regions of interest. Differences in cerebral blood flow values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Sub-group analyses were performed stratified on comparable amounts of blood and location of blood (posterior circulation aneurysms and additionally in infratentorial and supratentorial aneurysms). Results Cerebral blood flow was higher in perimesencephalic hemorrhage patients (mean: 63·8) than in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (mean: 55·9; difference of means: −7·9 [95% confidence interval: −10·7 to −5·2]) and also in the sub-group with comparable amounts of blood (mean cerebral blood flow: 56·4; difference of means: −7·4 [95% confidence interval: −10·4 to −4·3]). Cerebral blood flow was comparable with perimesencephalic hemorrhage patients for the sub-group with posterior circulation aneurysms (difference of means: −0·7 [95% confidence interval: −5·2 to 3·8]); however, differences diverged after stratifying posterior circulation aneurysms into supratentorial (difference of means −3·9 [95% confidence interval: −9·3 to 1·4]) and infratentorial aneurysms (difference of means 3·0 [95% confidence interval: −2·8 to 8·8]). Conclusion Perimesencephalic hemorrhage patients have a higher cerebral blood flow than aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The findings of this study further support a venous origin of bleeding in perimesencephalic hemorrhage patients. Future studies should further elaborate on cerebral blood flow in posterior circulation aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. P. Cremers
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Willem Dankbaar
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta K. Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel J. E. Rinkel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Suhr JA, Chelberg MB. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy as a measure of cerebrovascular health in aging adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2012; 20:243-52. [PMID: 23009310 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2012.727976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques assessing oxygenation of cerebral blood (such as near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) may reflect general cerebrovascular health, a factor not always considered in studies comparing younger and older adults. We examined whether baseline dorsolateral prefrontal cerebral oxygenation (measured by NIRS) was related to cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive test performance in healthy older adults. We found that cardiovascular risk factors are associated with both baseline dorsolateral prefrontal cortex cerebral oxygenation and memory performance. In addition, cardiovascular health factors were associated with memory performance, and the relationship between cerebral oxygenation and memory performance was explained by these cardiovascular health factors, supporting our contention that NIRS can reflect general cerebrovascular health in older adults. Results suggest that studies examining differences in cortical activation in older and younger adults should consider the potential confound of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health when interpreting data from imaging methods based on oxygenated cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Carlson BW, Neelon VJ, Carlson JR, Hartman M, Bliwise DL. Cerebral oxygenation in wake and during sleep and its relationship to cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults without sleep disordered breathing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:150-6. [PMID: 21076087 PMCID: PMC3011955 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between cerebral oxygen reserve and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Participants (72 women and 40 men) underwent standard polysomnography, including regional measures of percent oxyhemoglobin saturation (rcSO(2)) determined by cerebral oximetry. Two variables were used to calculate cerebral oxygen reserve: (a) awake rcSO(2) (mean presleep rcSO(2)) and (b) the change in rcSO(2) from before sleep to the end of the first non-rapid-eye movement cycle. General linear models, adjusted for the effects of education and occupation, tested differences in performance on standard tests of memory, attention, and speed of mental processing. RESULTS Awake rcSO(2) values were normal (60%-79.9%) in 64 participants, marginal (50%-59.9%) in 41, and low (43%-49.9%) in 7. Participants with normal awake levels had higher cognitive function than those with low levels (p < .05). Changes in rcSO(2) were greatest in participants with marginal awake rcSO(2) values; among whom, those who increased rcSO(2) during sleep (n = 17) had better memory function than the 24 who did not (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low awake rcSO(2) values mark individuals with low cerebral oxygen reserves and generally lower cognitive function; marginal awake rcSO(2) values that fall during sleep may indicate loss of cerebral oxygen reserve and an increased risk for cognitive decline. Further studies may clarify the significance of and mechanisms underlying individual differences in awake rcSO(2) and the changes that occur in rcSO(2) while asleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W Carlson
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7460 Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Tisell M, Hellström P, Ahl-Börjesson G, Barrows G, Blomsterwall E, Tullberg M, Wikkelsö C. Long-term outcome in 109 adult patients operated on for hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg 2009; 20:214-21. [PMID: 16954071 DOI: 10.1080/02688690600852324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine the long-term effects of surgery in adult hydrocephalus we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study assessing both the patients' sense of well-being, and changes in gait, living conditions, daily need of sleep and bladder function. One-hundred-and-nine consecutive patients operated for non-communicating hydrocephalus (N-CH) (22) and communicating normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), both idiopathic (38) and secondary (49) were included. For survival analyses, three reference groups were selected from the general population and from the Northern Sweden MONICA Project. At long-term follow-up, 29 (27%) patients had died. Sixty-eight patients (62%) returned the questionnaire, while 12 (11%) patients did not reply. The median follow-up time was 4.2 years (range 2.3 - 6.2 years). Fifty-four (79%) of these patients reported that they still felt improved and 60% had persisting observable improvement of gait, living conditions, bladder function and need of sleep. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed that 54 (50%) of the patients still felt better and 37% remained functionally improved. The standardized mortality ratio (observed/expected) was 3.01 (CI: 2.01 - 4.32).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tisell
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Carlson BW, Neelon VJ, Carlson JR, Hartman M, Dogra S. Cerebrovascular disease and patterns of cerebral oxygenation during sleep in elders. Biol Res Nurs 2009; 10:307-17. [PMID: 19144652 PMCID: PMC3377477 DOI: 10.1177/1099800408330396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this descriptive exploratory study was to describe patterns of cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep and their association with cerebrovascular risk factors in elders. METHOD Participants--115 elders, age 70+ years--were monitored overnight using standard polysomnography. Measures included arterial oxyhemoglobin (SaO2) and regional measures of percentage of cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation (rcSO2) via cerebral oximetry. Participants were classified based on the magnitude of change in rcSO2 from resting baseline to the end of the first nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) period. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square were used to test group differences in SaO2 and the prevalence of cerebrovascular risk factors. FINDINGS 20 participants (Group 1) experienced an increase in rcSO2 during sleep along with sleeping rcSO2 levels >or= 55%; 95 participants experienced a decline in rcSO2; 72 participants (Group 2) had sleeping rcSO2 levels >or= 55%; and 23 participants had sleeping rcSO2 levels <55% (Group 3). Although all three groups had equivalent declines in SaO2 levels during sleep, Group 3 had more cardiovascular comorbidity than Groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS Although SaO2 levels decline in most people during sleep, compensatory vascular responses to these drops in SaO2 are important for preventing rcSO2 from falling during sleep. Those entering sleep with lower baseline rcSO2 levels and those with greater declines in cerebral oxygenation during sleep may have greater cardiovascular burden and be at greater risk for stroke and other forms of disabling cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Waag Carlson
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7460, Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. PH: (919) 966-7598, FAX: (919) 843-9900,
| | - Virginia J. Neelon
- Biobehavioral Laboratory, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
| | - John R. Carlson
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
| | - Marilyn Hartman
- Institute on Aging, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
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Carlson BW, Neelon VJ, Carlson JR, Hartman M, Dogra S. Exploratory analysis of cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep onset in older and younger adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56:914-9. [PMID: 18384588 PMCID: PMC3377447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore differences in cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep in old and young adults. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING General clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS Nine old (aged 65-84) and 10 young (aged 21-39) adults. MEASUREMENTS Subjects were monitored during the first nightly sleep cycle using standard polysomnography, including measures of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO(2)). Changes in regional cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation (rcSO(2)) were used to estimate cerebral oxygen reserves. General linear models were used to test group differences in the change in SaO(2) and rcSO(2) during sleep. RESULTS Older subjects had lower SaO(2) than young subjects before sleep (baseline) (F((1,18))=5.1, P=.04) and during sleep (F((1,18))=10.7, P=.01). During sleep, half of the older subjects and none of the younger ones had SaO(2) values below 95%. In addition, the older subjects had more periods of oxygen desaturation (drops in SaO(2) > or = 4%) (chi-square=24.3, P=.01) and lower SaO(2) levels during desaturation (F((1,18))=11.1, P<.01). Although baseline values were similar, rcSO(2) decreased during sleep 2.1% in older subjects (F((1,8))=3.8, P=.05) but increased 2.1% during sleep in younger subjects (F((1,9))=4.6, P=.04). When the older subjects awakened from sleep, rcSO(2), but not SaO(2), returned to baseline; both returned to baseline in younger subjects. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis generated the hypothesis that lower SaO(2), combined with declines in regional blood flow, contributes to decline in cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep in older subjects. Further study will assess the effects of factors (e.g., medical conditions, subclinical disorders, and sleep architecture) that might account for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W. Carlson
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Virginia J. Neelon
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John R. Carlson
- Research Associate Professor, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Marilyn Hartman
- Research Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Clinical Associate Professor, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Bangen KJ, Restom K, Liu TT, Jak AJ, Wierenga CE, Salmon DP, Bondi MW. Differential age effects on cerebral blood flow and BOLD response to encoding: associations with cognition and stroke risk. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:1276-87. [PMID: 18160181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the cerebrovascular system due to age or disease can significantly alter the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and complicate its interpretation. The simultaneous acquisition of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and BOLD data represents a useful technique to more fully characterize the neurovascular underpinnings of functional brain response to cognition. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) study of episodic memory encoding to investigate whether age is related to cerebral blood flow (CBF) and BOLD response in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Results demonstrated a significant reduction in resting-state CBF in older compared to young adults. Conversely, older adults showed significantly increased CBF but not BOLD response in the MTL during picture encoding relative to young adults. Correlations between CBF response and cognition were demonstrated whereas associations with BOLD were not observed. Stroke risk was associated with both CBF and BOLD response. Results suggest that aging effects on CBF and BOLD responses to encoding are dissociable and that cerebrovascular alterations contribute to findings of age-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Bangen
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92120-4913, USA
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Treitz FH, Heyder K, Daum I. Differential Course of Executive Control Changes During Normal Aging. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2007; 14:370-93. [PMID: 17612814 DOI: 10.1080/13825580600678442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging has been associated with executive control deficits, but it is as yet unclear whether different executive subprocesses are differentially affected during the course of aging. The present study aimed to investigate age effects on a range of executive control subcomponents. Four consecutive age groups (20-30 years, 31-45 years, 46-60 years, 61-75 years), matched on present state IQ and mood, were compared on tasks of strategic memory processing, verbal fluency, reasoning, inhibition, task management, and self-rating of executive abilities. Deficits concerning the suppression of habitual and experimentally induced prepotent response tendencies and the ability to efficiently divide attention were observed in subjects over 60 years of age compared to the younger groups, while memory, verbal fluency, and reasoning were largely unaffected. Results suggest a sharp decline of executive function after age 60 and a differential course of different executive subcomponents across aging, adding further support to a multi-dimensional model of executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike H Treitz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany.
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Moskalenko YE, Weinstein GB, Halvorson P, Ryabchikova NA, Kravchenko TI, Feiding A, Panov AA, Semernya VN, Markovets SP. Age-related peculiarities of ratio of parameters of functioning of hemo- and liquorodynamics systems. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093006060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Raemaekers M, Vink M, van den Heuvel MP, Kahn RS, Ramsey NF. Effects of aging on BOLD fMRI during prosaccades and antisaccades. J Cogn Neurosci 2006; 18:594-603. [PMID: 16768362 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.4.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Age affects the ability to inhibit saccadic eye movements. According to current theories, this may be associated with age-induced neurophysiological changes in the brain and with compensatory activation in frontal brain areas. In the present study, the effects of aging are assessed on brain systems that subserve generation and inhibition of saccadic eye movements. For this purpose, an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging design was used in adults covering three age ranges (18-30, 30-55, and 55-72 years). Group differences were controlled for task performance. Activity associated with saccadic inhibition was represented by the contrast between prosaccade and antisaccade activation. The tasks activated well-documented networks of regions known to be involved in generation and inhibition of saccadic eye movements. There was an age-related shift in activity from posterior to frontal brain regions after young adulthood. In addition, old adults demonstrated an overall reduction in the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal in the visual and oculomotor system. Age, however, did not affect saccade inhibition activity. Mid and old adults appear to increase frontal activation to maintain performance even during simple prosaccades. The global reduction of the BOLD response in old adults could reflect a reduction in neural activity, as well as changes in the neuronal-vascular coupling. Future research should address the impact of altered vascular dynamics on neural activation and the BOLD signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Dinges
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA.
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Sehl M, Sawhney R, Naeim A. Physiologic aspects of aging: impact on cancer management and decision making, part II. Cancer J 2006; 11:461-73. [PMID: 16393480 DOI: 10.1097/00130404-200511000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this second article of our two-part review, we focus on age-associated physiologic changes involving the nervous, endocrine, hematologic, immune, and musculoskeletal systems, with close attention to the interconnected nature of these systems. There is a well-known connection between the neuroendocrine and immune systems via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and via interaction by means of cytokines, hormones, and neurotransmitters. These changes may lead to a loss of integration and resiliency with age, thus decreasing the ability of the elderly patient with cancer to adapt to stressful circumstances. Prominent changes include decline in memory and cognition, and increased susceptibility to peripheral neuropathy. Hematologic and immune changes like reduced bone marrow reserve and increased susceptibility to infections have far reaching implications for cancer care in the elderly. Gradual decline in hormone levels, and changes in muscle and body composition, can lead to functional decline and frailty. Use of the clinical interventions suggested in this article, along with an appreciation of the interplay of these age-related physiologic changes and their consequences, allows oncology professionals to customize therapy and minimize side effects in the geriatric oncology patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sehl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1687, USA
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Tullberg M, Hellström P, Piechnik SK, Starmark JE, Wikkelsö C. Impaired wakefulness is associated with reduced anterior cingulate CBF in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 110:322-30. [PMID: 15476461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if impaired wakefulness (IW) in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is associated with reduced blood flow in regions associated with the brain arousal system. METHOD NPH (n = 28) patients were studied before and after surgery. Wakefulness was assessed using a new developed scale. Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rrCBF) was quantified using SPECT and rectangular regions of interest analysis. RESULTS Sixteen patients presented with IW at baseline and in 14 of these, IW vanished after surgery. Patients presenting with IW had reduced rrCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex compared with those without. After surgery, rrCBF increased significantly in thalamic, frontal and hippocampal grey matter regions. Increased hippocampal rrCBF correlated with increased basal frontal rrCBF (r = 0.64). In patients where IW vanished after surgery, rrCBF increased in the mesencephalon, hippocampus and the frontal association cortex. The postoperative increase in wakefulness correlated with increased rrCBF in frontal (r = 0.74) and parietal (r = 0.65) association cortex areas. CONCLUSION IW in NPH is associated with reduced rrCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex. Improved wakefulness following surgery corresponds to rrCBF increments in the frontal association cortex. This study provides support for a functional coupling between frontal, hippocampal, thalamic and mesencephalic rrCBF in NPH at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tullberg
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, SE 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Inoue K, Nakagawa M, Goto R, Kinomura S, Sato T, Sato K, Fukuda H. Regional differences between 99mTc-ECD and 99mTc-HMPAO SPET in perfusion changes with age and gender in healthy adults. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30:1489-97. [PMID: 14579088 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-003-1234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2003] [Accepted: 04/29/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) have shown perfusion changes with age in several cortical and subcortical areas, which might distort the results of perfusion imaging studies of neuropsychiatric disorders. Technetium-99m labelled ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) and hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) are both used as markers of cerebral perfusion, but have different pharmacokinetics and retention patterns. The aim of this study was to determine whether age and gender effects on perfusion SPET differ depending on whether (99m)Tc-HMPAO or (99m)Tc-ECD is used. Forty-five subjects (20 male and 25 female, mean age 52.8+/-6.6 years) were assigned to (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPET (HMPAO group), and 39 subjects (24 male and 15 female, mean age 52.6+/-6.7 years) to (99m)Tc-ECD SPET (ECD group). SPET images were obtained about 10 min after intravenous injection of approximately 800 MBq (99m)Tc-HMPAO or (99m)Tc-ECD using the same SPET scanner. Three-dimensional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging was performed to as7sess morphological changes in the grey matter. All image processing and statistical analyses were performed using SPM99 software. An area in the right anterior frontal lobe showed an increase in perfusion with age only in the HMPAO group, whereas areas in the bilateral retrosplenial cortex showed decreases in perfusion with age only in the ECD group; neither group showed corresponding changes in the grey matter. The present study shows that different effects of age on perfusion are observed depending on whether (99m)Tc-HMPAO and (99m)Tc-ECD is used. This suggests that the results of perfusion SPET are differently confounded depending on the tracer used, and that perfusion SPET with these tracers has limitations when used in research on subtle perfusion changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inoue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan.
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Mjåland O, Normann E, Halvorsen E, Rynning S, Egeland T. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after successful parathyroidectomy. Br J Surg 2003; 90:732-7. [PMID: 12808624 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is used to study cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Reduced regional cerebral blood flow has been demonstrated in patients with depression and chronic fatigue, symptoms that are common in primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to reveal possible changes in regional cerebral blood flow in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after operative treatment. METHODS This was a prospective study of regional cerebral blood flow in 16 consecutive women of median age 72 (range 50-82) years using SPECT with (99m)Tc-labelled hexamethylpropylenamine-oxime. The measurements were performed before and 2, 4 and 12 months after parathyroidectomy. The Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) depression score was used as a parallel clinical test. RESULTS Reduced (pathological) regional cerebral blood flow was seen before operation in 14 patients, 13 with a solitary adenoma and one with double adenoma. After surgery, this improved to normal values in 13, but was further reduced in one. In two patients with preoperative normal regional cerebral blood flow, both of whom were asymptomatic and had diffuse hyperplasia, a slight reduction was demonstrated. Eight patients had a pathological preoperative MADRS score, which normalized in seven after surgical treatment. CONCLUSION The finding of reduced regional cerebral blood flow in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism followed by significant improvement after operation might influence the case for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mjåland
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital of Vestfold-Tønsberg, Tønsberg, Norway.
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Heiland S, Sartor K, Martin E, Bardenheuer HJ, Plaschke K. In vivo monitoring of age-related changes in rat brain using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance relaxometry. Neurosci Lett 2002; 334:157-60. [PMID: 12453619 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proven to be a sensitive diagnostic tool to examine age associated acute and chronic changes in brain tissue. The aim of our study was to examine whether there are differences in brain diffusion and transverse relaxation time between young and adult rats. In an experimental MR scanner, 24 young (age: 3 months) and 26 adult rats (age: 12 months) were examined using diffusion-weighted and transverse relaxation time (T2)-weighted MRI sequences. There were no differences in the T2 relaxation time between the two animal groups, either local or global. However, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) within the whole brain was significantly lower (P<0.0005) in the adult animals (765+/-35 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s) than in the young animals (829+/-45 x 10(-6) mm(2)/s). ADC decrease was mainly found in the cerebral cortex. These results can be attributed to an activity-related or central nervous system damage-related internal water shift from the extracellular to the intracellular space without a net increase in water content in brain tissue. Our study also shows that age-related changes in diffusion should be considered when performing longitudinal studies in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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