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Tyagi T, Alarab M, Leong Y, Lye S, Shynlova O. Local oestrogen therapy modulates extracellular matrix and immune response in the vaginal tissue of post-menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2907-2919. [PMID: 30772947 PMCID: PMC6433658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of local oestrogen therapy (LET) on the expression of proteins participating in collagen/elastin biogenesis and immune markers in vaginal tissues of post‐menopausal women with severe pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Vaginal biopsies were collected from the anterior vaginal wall of informed and consented 52 post‐menopausal women with severe POP undergoing total hysterectomy. Twenty‐nine of the 52 women were treated with LET (in the form of vaginal oestrogen cream or tablet), while the remaining 23 untreated patients served as the controls. This study was approved by Sinai Health System REB. Vaginal tissue specimens were analysed for gene and protein expression using real‐time RT‐PCR and Luminex assays, protein localization and immune cell infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Forty‐four cytokines were detected. We found that LET application: (a) significantly increased (P < 0.05) gene and protein expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins, collagen and elastin, as well as the expression of ECM maturation enzyme BMP1; (b) decreased protein expression level of ECM degradation enzymes MMP1, MMP2 and MMP3 accompanied by an increase in their tissue inhibitors, TIMP1 and TIMP4; (c) significantly increased (P < 0.05) the gene and protein expression levels of 14 vaginal cytokines involved in leucocyte infiltration, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that LET plays an important role in the activation of immune system within the local vaginal environment, limiting the undesirable ECM degradation, which supports the strengthening of vaginal ECM in post‐menopausal women, therefore resisting menopause/age‐related changes and inducing urogenital tract tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - May Alarab
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Leong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Yan B, Li L, Deng Y. Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Women With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:267-273. [PMID: 27540720 PMCID: PMC5350992 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the association between matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) expression and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women. Relevant studies published before 6 December 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and EMBASE. A total number of five case–control studies, including 182 POP cases and 192 controls, were identified. The results indicated that women without POP had a lower MMP‐1 level of expression compared with women with POP (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.67, P = 0.000). After stratification by biopsy site, ethnicity, or menopausal status, this finding was also confirmed in the subgroup analysis with no significant changes. Egger's linear regression test revealed a potential publication bias (P = 0.028). The findings of our study indicate that women who suffer from POP have a higher expression level of MMP‐1 than women without POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - B Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Chest Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Ultrasonic, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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