Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bacteremia in a young child

Gut Bacterial Community Determines the Therapeutic Effect of Ginsenoside on Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Modulating the Colonic Mucosal Barrier

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises systemic inflammatory conditions primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This research aims to analyze the clinical symptoms and pathogenesis of a Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced canine IBD model and evaluate the restorative effect of ginsenoside from a pathogenesis perspective. We established the DSS-induced canine IBD model and studied the pathological mechanisms. Additionally, we examined the therapeutic effect of ginsenosides by assessing the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, colonic tissue morphology, protein expression, and mucosal bacterial community analysis. Our findings revealed a total ginsenoside content of 22.7% in the ginsenoside extract. Animal experiments demonstrated that dogs with IBD exhibited decreased mental state, significantly increased CIBDAI and CRP levels, disrupted colonic epithelial tissue structure, decreased expression of mucin, tight junctions, and adherens junctions, as well as reduced diversity of the colonic mucosal bacterial community. Furthermore, correlation analysis highlighted a total of 38 bacterial strains correlated with physiological indices. Significantly, ginsenoside treatment could improve these symptoms and reverse the relative abundance of some bacterial communities. In conclusion, alterations in the properties of the colonic mucus layer or the reduction in MUC2, its core component, in dogs with IBD can lead to bacterial penetration of the mucus layer and subsequent contact with intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in inflammation. Remarkably, ginsenoside intervention showcased the capacity to positively influence the relative abundance of bacteria and impact the colonic mucus layer properties, thereby offering promising prospects for IBD management and recovery.

Case report: Anaerobiospirillum prosthetic joint infection in a heart transplant recipient

Background

We report a case of prosthetic hip joint infection in a heart transplant recipient due to Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, a genus of spiral-shaped curved anaerobic gram-negative rod which colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs. Invasive infections in humans are rare and typically occur in immunocompromised hosts.

Case presentation

A 65-year-old male dog breeder with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, bilateral hip arthroplasties, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with a heart transplant 10 years ago presented with a three month history of progressive left hip pain and frank purulence on hip aspiration. He underwent irrigation and debridement of the left hip and one-stage revision with hardware exchange. Although gram stain and culture from synovial fluid and intraoperative cultures were initially negative, anaerobic cultures from tissue specimens later grew a spiral-shaped gram-negative rod, identified as Anaerobiospirillum spp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g daily for 6 weeks with a good response to treatment. A similar organism was unable to be isolated from culture of 2 of the patient’s dogs, however, they were thought to be the most likely source of his infection.

Conclusion

Anaerobiospirillum spp. should be considered in immunocompromised patients with exposure to dogs or cats who present with bacteremia, gastrointestinal infection, pyomyositis, or prosthetic joint infections, especially in cases of culture-negative or with anaerobic culture growth.

MALDI-TOF MS for rapid diagnosis of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, an unusual causative agent of bacteraemia in humans. Two case reports and literature review

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is a gram-negative anaerobic spiral rod which is part of the normal flora of dogs and cats and can produce bacteraemia and diarrhoea in humans. In this report we describe two cases of bacteraemia caused by A. succiniciproducens which was successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We present a comprehensive literature review of 48 cases of A. succiniciproducens bacteraemia in which we describe previous underlying conditions, clinical presentations, identification methodology and antibiotic susceptibility data.

Colite ulcéreuse chez un chat : infection à Anaerobiospirillum spp. ?

Une chatte Exotic Shorthair de quatre ans est présentée en consultation pour une diarrhée associée à de l’hématochézie et du ténesme, évoluant depuis deux ans. L’exploration biologique et endoscopique a permis de mettre en évidence, après biopsies, une colite ulcérative et granulomateuse associée à une infection à Anaerobiospirillum spp. L’animal est traité avec une antibiothérapie (métronidazole) et une corticothérapie : les symptômes ont disparu et aucune rechute n’est notée après un an. Ce cas clinique discute du rôle pathogène d’Anaerobiospirillum spp. en médecine humaine et en médecine vétérinaire : la notion de portage asymptomatique est évoquée ; il illustre également la difficulté diagnostique de cette infection et le recours indispensable à des examens complémentaires, histologiques et coprologiques ; il discute de la prise en charge thérapeutique et la compare aux données de la littérature.

Bloodstream infection with Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens: a potentially lethal infection

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens (A succiniciproducens), a spiral, Gram-negative anaerobic rod which is part of the normal intestinal flora of cats and dogs, has rarely been reported as a cause of bacteremia and diarrhea in humans, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Although it can be associated with significant mortality, the full extent of its pathogenicity, clinical spectrum, and optimal therapy remain to be determined. We review the available literature on microbiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options for Anaerobiospirillum infection.

First report of treatment of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bloodstream infection with levofloxacin

The full extent of the clinical spectrum and optimal therapy of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens infections remains to be determined. We describe the first case of bloodstream infection (BSI) due to A. succiniciproducens in an asymptomatic elderly male with poor dentition that was treated with levofloxacin.

Succinatimonas hippei gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

A novel strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium (YIT 12066T) was isolated from human faeces. The isolate was negative for catalase, oxidase, urease, hydrolysis of aesculin and gelatin, nitrate reduction and indole production. The major end products of glucose metabolism were succinate and acetate. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were C14:0, C18:1omega7c, C18:1omega9c, C16:1omega7c and C16:0. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIT 12066T was most closely related to members of the family Succinivibrionaceae, with sequence similarity of 92-87%. However, some phenotypic characteristics such as cellular morphology and the major fatty acid profile of strain YIT 12066T were markedly different from those of other members of the family Succinivibrionaceae. On the basis of both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is suggested that strain YIT 12066T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Succinatimonas hippei gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of Succinatimonas hippei is YIT 12066T (=DSM 22608T =JCM 16073T).

Ileocolitis associated with Anaerobiospirillum in cats

Ileocolitis associated with spiral bacteria identified as an Anaerobiospirillum sp. was found in six cats. Two cats had acute onset of gastrointestinal signs characterized by vomiting and diarrhea in one cat and vomiting in another cat, one cat had chronic diarrhea that was refractory to medical therapy; one cat had acute onset of anorexia and lethargy, and two cats had clinical signs that were not related to the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of an Anaerobiospirillum sp. was demonstrated on the basis of ultrastructural morphology of spiral bacteria associated with intestinal lesions and PCR amplification of a genus-specific 16S rRNA gene from affected tissues from each cat. The colons of three clinically healthy cats without lesions and one cat with mild colitis not associated with spiral bacteria were negative for Anaerobiospirillum spp. in the same assay. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned PCR products from three affected cats further suggested that the spiral bacteria were closely related to Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens.

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bacteraemia

This report describes a case of bacteraemia caused by Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is a rare cause of bacteraemia in humans, and when encountered usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. The organism is an anaerobic, spiral shaped, Gram negative bacillus with bipolar tufts of flagella. In this report, the morphology, with special reference to electron microscopic features, culture characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility are described.