1
|
Menteş M, Yandım C. Identification of PPA1 inhibitor candidates for potential repurposing in cancer medicine. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1646-1663. [PMID: 37733630 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 (PPA1) is pivotal to cellular metabolism as it facilitates the hydrolysis of PPi-a by-product of various metabolic processes that influence cell growth and differentiation. Overexpression of PPA1 enzyme has been linked to diminished patient survival and was shown to influence tumor cell dynamics, thereby positioning it as a potential therapy target for a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. Despite this therapeutic promise, there are no known inhibitors of PPA1 as of today. In this study, we searched for potential PPA1 inhibitors using a molecular docking screen of 30 470 compounds with a history of clinical trials and/or US Food and Drug Administration approval. We specifically targeted the active pocket that coincides with the established catalytic domain. Our screen identified promising hits, which we further subjected to ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) filtering. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) analyses were conducted on devazepide, quinotolast, and tarazepide-the three substances that successfully navigated all filters. MD analyses reinforced the stability of the protein-ligand complexes and confirmed ligand binding, as substantiated by our root mean square deviation, radius of gyration and secondary structures of proteins analyses. Furthermore, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area calculations post-MD identified devazepide and quinotolast as showing higher binding affinities; being supported by principal component analysis, free energy landscape, and dynamic cross-correlation matrix results. Overall, our study reveals devazepide and quinotolast as potential candidates for PPA1 inhibition which could be considered for repurposing studies that need further experimental validation. These results not only reveal a potential for clinical repurposing for PPA1 inhibition but they also offer valuable insights into the development of future compounds for targeting the crucial PPA1 enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muratcan Menteş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Cihangir Yandım
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir University of Economics, Balçova, İzmir, Turkey
- İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, İnciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are important sources of clinical drugs due to their structural diversity and biological prevalidation. However, the structural complexity of NPs leads to synthetic difficulties, unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and poor drug-likeness. Structural simplification by truncating unnecessary substructures is a powerful strategy for overcoming these limitations and improving the efficiency and success rate of NP-based drug development. Herein, we will provide a comprehensive review of the structural simplification of NPs with a focus on design strategies, case studies, and new technologies. In particular, a number of successful examples leading to marketed drugs or drug candidates will be discussed in detail to illustrate how structural simplification is applied in lead optimization of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Fourth Military Medical University , 169 Changle West Road , Xi'an , 710032 , P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai , 200433 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith JP, Wang S, Nadella S, Jablonski SA, Weiner LM. Cholecystokinin receptor antagonist alters pancreatic cancer microenvironment and increases efficacy of immune checkpoint antibody therapy in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:195-207. [PMID: 29043413 PMCID: PMC5801048 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has typically been resistant to chemotherapy and immunotherapy; therefore, novel strategies are needed to enhance therapeutic response. Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to stimulate growth of pancreatic cancer. CCK receptors (CCKRs) are present on pancreatic cancer cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes. We hypothesized that CCKR blockade would improve response to immune checkpoint antibodies by promoting influx of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and reducing fibrosis. We examined the effects of CCKR antagonists or immune checkpoint blockade antibodies alone or in combination in murine models of PDAC. Monotherapy with CCKR blockade significantly decreased tumor size and metastases in SCID mice with orthotopic PDAC, and in C57BL/6 mice, it reduced fibrosis and induced the influx of TILs. Immune-competent mice bearing syngeneic pancreatic cancer (Panc02 and mT3-2D) that were treated with the combination of CCK receptor antagonists and immune checkpoint blockade antibodies survived significantly longer with smaller tumors. Tumor immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry demonstrated that the tumors of mice treated with the combination regimen had a significant reduction in Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells and an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Masson's trichrome stain analysis revealed 50% less fibrosis in the tumors of mice treated with CCKR antagonist compared to controls and compared to checkpoint antibody therapy. CCKR antagonists given with immune checkpoint antibody therapy represent a novel approach for improving survival of PDAC. The mechanism by which this combination therapy improves the survival of PDAC may be related to the decreased fibrosis and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Building D, Room 338, 4000 Reservoir Rd, Washington DC, NW, 20007, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Shangzi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sandeep Nadella
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Building D, Room 338, 4000 Reservoir Rd, Washington DC, NW, 20007, USA
| | - Sandra A Jablonski
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari S, Chowdhury J, Sikka M, Verma P, Jha P, Mishra AK, Saluja D, Chopra M. Identification of potent cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonists: synthesis, molecular modeling and anti-cancer activity against pancreatic cancer cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1561-1574. [PMID: 30108868 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced malignant stages of pancreatic cancer have poor prognosis and very few treatment strategies are available. Pancreatic cancer is known to possess unique growth-related receptors that when activated, stimulate tumour proliferation. Gastrin and its related peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) are also significantly involved in the growth of this cancer type as well as other malignancies through activation of the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR). New treatment strategies with CCK-BR antagonists are being suggested that suppress the growth promoting effects of gastrin. In this paper, we report the development of two series of quinazolinone derivatives incorporating hydrazinecarbothioamide (compounds 3a-g) and the hydrazino group (compounds 4a-e) as linkers for developing CCK-BR antagonists. The affinities of the compounds were determined using docking into the CCK-BR homology modeled structure. The compounds were tested for in vitro CCK-BR binding and gastric acid secretion in an isolated lumen-perfused mouse stomach assay. The compounds exhibited CCK-BR binding activity (IC50) in the range of 0.2-975 nM and showed good gastric acid secretion inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling of the compounds was done and pharmacophore mapping results showed good prediction of in vitro activity which correlated well with the experimental antagonistic activity. The compounds were further tested for their cytotoxicity on CCK-BR expressing pancreatic cancer cells. The results of the study provided two potent CCK-BR antagonists which also possess good to moderate growth inhibitory activities against pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumari
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| | - Joyita Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| | - Manisha Sikka
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| | - Prakash Jha
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig. S. K. Majumdar Road , Delhi 110054 , India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Development , Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , Delhi 110007 , India . ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith JP, Fonkoua LK, Moody TW. The Role of Gastrin and CCK Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer and other Malignancies. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:283-91. [PMID: 26929735 PMCID: PMC4753157 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) peptide gastrin is an important regulator of the release of gastric acid from the stomach parietal cells and it also plays an important role in growth of the gastrointestinal tract. It has become apparent that gastrin and its related peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) are also significantly involved with growth of GI cancers as well as other malignancies through activation of the cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor. Of interest, gastrin is expressed in the embryologic pancreas but not in the adult pancreas; however, gastrin becomes re-expressed in pancreatic cancer where it stimulates growth of this malignancy by an autocrine mechanism. Strategies to down-regulate gastrin or interfere with its interface with the CCK receptor with selective antibodies or receptor antagonists hold promise for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and other gastrin--responsive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill P Smith
- 1. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lionel K Fonkoua
- 2. Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Terry W Moody
- 3. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lattmann E, Russell ST, Schwalbe CH, Shortt A, Balaram PN, Theochari E, Alharbi M, Narayanan R, Lattmann P. Cholecystokinin-1 receptor antagonists: 5-hydroxy-5-aryl-pyrrol-2-ones as anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00052e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy-pyrrolones, which were potent CCK1R antagonists, showed nanomolar in vitro activity and anticancer activity in vivo for colon and pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - S. T. Russell
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - C. H. Schwalbe
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - A. Shortt
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | | | - E. Theochari
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - M. Alharbi
- School of Life and Health Sciences
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - R. Narayanan
- Department of Medicine
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
- Memphis, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rai R, Chandra V, Tewari M, Kumar M, Shukla HS. Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors targeting in gastrointestinal cancer. Surg Oncol 2012; 21:281-92. [PMID: 22801592 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin and Gastrin are amongst the first gastrointestinal hormone discovered. In addition to classical actions (contraction of gallbladder, growth and secretion in the stomach and pancreas), these also act as growth stimulants for gastrointestinal malignancies and cell lines. Growth of these tumours is inhibited by antagonists of the cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors. These receptors provides most promising approach in clinical oncology and several specific radiolabelled ligands have been synthesized for specific tumour targeting and therapy of tumours overexpressing these receptors. Therefore, definition of the molecular structure of the receptor involved in the autocrine/paracrine loop may contribute to novel therapies for gastrointestinal cancer. Hence, this review tries to focus on the role and distribution of these hormones and their receptors in gastrointestinal cancer with a brief talk about the clinical trial using available agonist and antagonist in gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Banaras Hindu University, 7 SKG Colony, Lanka, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Devazepide, a nonpeptide antagonist of CCK receptors, induces apoptosis and inhibits Ewing tumor growth. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:527-33. [PMID: 19407653 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32832c3a4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ewing family of tumors is a group of highly malignant tumors that mainly arise in bone and most often affect children and young adults in the first two decades of life. Despite the use of multimodal therapy, the long-term disease-free survival rate of patients with Ewing tumors is still disappointingly low, making the discovery of innovative therapeutic strategies all the more necessary. We have recently shown that cholecystokinin (CCK), a neuroendocrine peptide, involved in many biological functions, including cell growth and proliferation, is a relevant target of the EWS/FLI1 oncoprotein characteristic of Ewing tumors. CCK silencing inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that CCK acts as an autocrine growth factor for Ewing cells. Here, we analyzed the impact of two CCK receptor antagonists, devazepide (a CCK1-R antagonist) and L365 260 (a CCK2-R antagonist), on the growth of Ewing tumor cells. Devazepide (10 micromol/l) inhibited cell growth of four different Ewing tumor cells in vitro (range 85-88%), whereas the effect of the CCK2-R antagonist on cell growth was negligible. In a mouse tumor xenograft model, devazepide reduced tumor growth by 40%. Flow cytometry experiments showed that devazepide, but not L365 260, induced apoptosis of Ewing tumor cells. In summary, devazepide induces cell death of Ewing tumor cells, suggesting that it could represent a new therapeutic approach in the management of Ewing's tumor patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsu SJ, Patel A, Larsen PD, Bohmann DJ, Bauer RJ, Ma JK, Masat L, Roell M, Babuka SJ, Hansen RK, White M, Haak-Frendscho M. Development of XPA067.06, a potent high affinity human anti-gastrin monoclonal antibody. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:340-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone which is found both in the gastrointestinal tract throughout the human small intestine and nerves in the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system and in the central nervous system. This dual location constitutes the anatomical basis for this in functions as a hormone and a neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of both systems. CCK regulates not only motor functions in the gastrointestinal tract like lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation, gastric secretion and emptying, gall bladder contractility and bile secretion into the duodenum, intestinal and colonic motility, but also sensory functions and plays a role in the regulation of food intake. These effects are mediated through selective receptors CCK1 and CCK2. Over the last few years, research has focused on understanding the role of CCK, its receptors with antagonists at the biological, pharmacological, clinical and therapeutic level. As far as the CCK1 antagonists is concerned, important inroads have been made in the potential role of these antagonists in the treatment of GERD, IBS and pancreatitis. They have also shown encouraging results in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and some gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on the recent ad vances of the biological role of CCK and their CCK1 antagonists: their current basic and clinical status in gastroenterology, with particular emphasis on the potential therapeutic role of the CCK1 antagonists and future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shajan A S Peter
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
D'Amato M, Rovati LC. Cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonists: therapies for gastrointestinal disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 6:819-36. [PMID: 15989644 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.6.7.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide that exerts several regulatory functions in the periphery, as well as in the brain. The biological functions attributed to CCK are mediated by two receptor subtypes, termed CCKA and CCKB, located predominantly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and in the brain, respectively. Several selective and potent non-petide CCKA receptor antagonists have been synthesised and fully characterised in preclinical studies. A few of them have been, and continue to be tested in humans. This paper focuses on the data available on the effect of CCKA receptor antagonist administration in humans, and shows how, in addition to allowing a more exact definition of the role of CCK in the regulation of some GI functions, these drugs may also possess therapeutic potential in GI disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D'Amato
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, Rotta Research Laboratorium SpA, Via Valosa di Sopra, 7-9, 20052 Monza, MI, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thomas RP, Hellmich MR, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Role of gastrointestinal hormones in the proliferation of normal and neoplastic tissues. Endocr Rev 2003; 24:571-99. [PMID: 14570743 DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones are chemical messengers that regulate the physiological functions of the intestine and pancreas, including secretion, motility, absorption, and digestion. In addition to these well-defined physiological effects, GI hormones can stimulate proliferation of the nonneoplastic intestinal mucosa and pancreas. Furthermore, in an analogous fashion to breast and prostate cancer, certain GI cancers possess receptors for GI hormones; growth can be altered by administration of these hormones or by blocking their respective receptors. The GI hormones that affect proliferation, either stimulatory or inhibitory, include gastrin, cholecystokinin, gastrin-releasing peptide, neurotensin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-2, and somatostatin. The effects of these peptides on normal and neoplastic GI tissues will be described. Also, future perspectives and potential therapeutic implications will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Thomas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jensen RT. Involvement of cholecystokinin/gastrin-related peptides and their receptors in clinical gastrointestinal disorders. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 2002; 91:333-50. [PMID: 12688377 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2002.910611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the possible roles of cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, or gastrin-related peptides and their receptors in human gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed. For CCK/CCK(A) receptors (CCK(A)-R), the evidence for their proposed involvement in diseases caused by impaired CCK release or CCK(A)-R mutations, pancreatic disorders (acute/chronic pancreatitis), gastrointestinal motility disorders (gallbladder disease, irritable bowel syndrome), pancreatic tumor growth and satiety disorders, is briefly reviewed. The evidence that has established the involvement of gastrin/CCK(B)-R in mediating the action of hypergastrinaemic disorders, mediating hypergastrinaemic effects on the gastric mucosa (ECL hyperplasia, carcinoids, parietal cell mass), and acid-peptic diseases, is reviewed. The evidence for their possible involvement in mediating growth of gastric and pancreatic tumours and possible involvement of gastrin-related peptides in colon cancers, is reviewed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hawes RH, Xiong Q, Waxman I, Chang KJ, Evans DB, Abbruzzese JL. A multispecialty approach to the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:17-31. [PMID: 10638554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in pancreatic cancer research and offers a multispecialty perspective on the diagnosis and management of this challenging disease. Current findings in the molecular biology of the disease and their implications for management are examined, as well as development in diagnostic techniques, including helical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP), and, particularly, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Surgical management, the role of adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, and the critical importance of accurate preoperative imaging are also addressed in this review. Palliative techniques, including endoscopic stenting for malignant obstructive jaundice and chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic disease, are discussed, and results of recent clinical trials in pancreatic cancer are summarized. Finally, future directions for research are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Hawes
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohlsson B, Fredäng N, Axelson J. The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:1224-9. [PMID: 10636070 DOI: 10.1080/003655299750024742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin in the development and growth of pancreatic cancer cells is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CCK-8S, gastrin-17, bombesin, and their antagonists on cell lines from patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Cell lines were established from pancreatic cancers operated on at our department. The cells were grown in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). The effects of CCK-8S, gastrin-17, bombesin, and their antagonists in different concentrations and for different time intervals were studied. The cell number was evaluated with the XTT method. RESULTS The cell line LN 36 responded with increased cell number to stimulation by gastrin-17 and decreased cell number to inhibition by the CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365,260. In contrast, LPC 1 responded with increased cell number to CCK-8S and decreased cell number to the CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide. LPC 2, 6, and 7 were stimulated by CCK-8S, gastrin-17, and their antagonists. LPC 3 showed decreased cell number after inhibition by the antagonists, and LPC 5 and 10 showed increased cell number after stimulation by CCK-8S and gastrin-17. LPC 4 was stimulated by CCK-8S, and LPC 8 was stimulated by all substances except gastrin-17. Intermittent administration of the substances to LN 36 led to a greater effect on the cell number than administration every day, which was not the case with LPC 1 and LPC 3. Bombesin led to an increased growth in LPC 5 but not in LPC 3. CONCLUSION CCK-8S and gastrin-17 led to an increased cell number in some cell lines. A blockade of the CCK-A and CCK-B receptors by their antagonists led to an increased, an unaffected, or a decreased cell number of the cell lines. The effect of bombesin on different cell lines also varied. This shows a great heterogenicity among pancreatic cancer cells from different patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ohlsson
- Dept. of Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Fisher WE, Muscarella P, Boros LG, Schirmer WJ. Gastrointestinal hormones as potential adjuvant treatment of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1998; 24:169-80. [PMID: 9873951 DOI: 10.1007/bf02788419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal hormones and their antagonists can alter the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. The potential clinical benefit of this approach deserves further study. BACKGROUND Epithelial cell growth is normally under hormonal control. Hormones also affect the growth of many epithelial cancers, and this fact is used to modify tumor growth. Pancreatic epithelial cell growth is under the influence of gastrointestinal hormones. This article reviews experiments designed to determine the effect of gastrointestinal hormones on the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Eighty-eight articles were identified from a Medline search using the terms pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the individual names of gastrointestinal hormones. The experimental design and results of these studies are reviewed. RESULTS In general, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, and pancreastatin inhibit pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth. Cholecystokinin, secretin, bombesin, gastrin, EGF, TGF-alpha, insulin, and IGF-1 have a growth-promoting effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W E Fisher
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ohlsson B, Borg K, Rehfeld JF, Ihse I, Axelson J. The effect of intermittent injections of CCK-8S and the CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide on cell proliferation in exocrine rat pancreas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1998; 24:211-8. [PMID: 9873956 DOI: 10.1007/bf02788424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Intermittent injections of sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8S) or devazepide caused long-lasting effects on cell proliferation in exocrine pancreas in contrast to continuous infusion. The acinar cells responded to both treatments with changes in the labeling index (LI) during the whole study period. When studying the influence of stimulation and inhibition of the CCK-A receptor on cell proliferation in the exocrine pancreas, not only are the drugs and doses of importance but also the mode of administration. BACKGROUND Continuous infusion of CCK-8S or the CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide induces transient changes in acinar cell proliferation in rat pancreas. The aim of the present experiments was to study whether intermittent administration of CCK-8S or devazepide prevents receptor desensitization and thereby affects exocrine pancreatic cell proliferation persistently. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously twice daily with CCK-8S (6 micrograms), devazepide (240 micrograms) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The rats were sacrificed after 18 and 36 h and 3 and 7 d. One hour before sacrifice, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mCi/kg of tritiated thymidine. The pancreatic weight and the contents of water, protein, and DNA were determined. The LI (number of labeled cells/100 cells) of exocrine pancreatic cells was determined microscopically after autoradiography. RESULTS The concentration of plasma CCK was slightly increased by devazepide, but the increase was more pronounced by CCK-8S. The pancreatic wet weight was transiently increased 18 h after the start of CCK-8S injections (+14%), whereas devazepide caused a reduction after 7 d (-22%). The protein content was uninfluenced and the DNA content was decreased at 36 h with either treatment. CCK-8S increased the LI in acinar and centroacinar cells throughout the study period, but the ductal cell LI was increased only after 18 and 36 h. Injection of devazepide was followed by decreased LI of acinar cells throughout the study period. Also, the centroacinar and ductal cell LI decreased initially but returned to control values after 7 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ohlsson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Evans DB, Lee JE, Pisters PW, Charnsangavej C, Ellis LM, Chiao PJ, Lenzi R, Abbruzzese JL. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer Treat Res 1997; 90:109-25. [PMID: 9367080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6165-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D B Evans
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors review clinical applications of gut-derived peptides as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA An increasing number of gut peptides have been evaluated for clinical use. Earlier uses as diagnostic agents have been complemented more recently by increasing application of gut peptides as therapeutic agents. METHOD The authors conducted a literature review. RESULTS Current experience with clinical use of gut peptides is described. Initial clinical applications focused on using secretomotor effects of gut peptides in diagnostic tests, many of which have now fallen into disuse. More recently, attention has been directed toward harnessing these secretomotor effects for therapeutic use in a variety of disorders, and also using the trophic effects of gut peptides to modulate gut mucosal growth in benign and malignant disease. Gut peptides have been evaluated in a variety of other clinical situations including use as adjuncts to imaging techniques, and modification of behaviors such as feeding and panic disorder. CONCLUSIONS Gut peptides have been used successfully in an increasing variety of clinical conditions. Further refinements in analogue and antagonist design are likely to lead to even more selective agents that may have important clinical applications. Further studies are needed to identity and evaluate these new agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Geoghegan
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang C, Biemond I, Offerhaus GJ, Verspaget W, Lamers CB. Expression of receptors for gut peptides in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and tumour-free pancreas. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:1467-73. [PMID: 9166939 PMCID: PMC2223503 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut hormones that modulate the growth of normal pancreas may also modulate the growth of cancers originating from pancreas. This study visualized and compared the receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK), bombesin (BBS), secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in tumour-free tissue sections of human pancreas (n = 10) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (n = 12) with storage phosphor autoradiography using radioligands. CCK-B receptors, present in control pancreata, were not detected in any of the pancreatic cancers. BBS receptors were visualized in control pancreata, but they were absent in 10 of 12 pancreatic cancers. In 5 of 12 pancreatic cancers, receptors for secretin were visualized, while binding for secretin was present in all tumour-free pancreata. Conversely, no specific binding of VIP was detected in control pancreata but was identified in 3 of 12 pancreatic cancer specimens. It is concluded that the expression of gut peptide receptors in pancreatic cancer differs from that in tumour-free pancreas. Receptors for these peptides are present in only a minority of pancreatic cancer specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rothenberg ML, Abbruzzese JL, Moore M, Portenoy RK, Robertson JM, Wanebo HJ. A rationale for expanding the endpoints for clinical trials in advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 1996; 78:627-32. [PMID: 8681301 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960801)78:3<627::aid-cncr43>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using classical endpoints, such as response rate and survival, as the sole measures of benefit, little progress has been made in the treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma in the past 30 years. We challenge the assumption that response rate and survival are the only appropriate endpoints for clinical trials in this disease setting. METHOD A review of the literature and roundtable discussion were undertaken. RESULTS Using current imaging techniques, it is inherently difficult to distinguish pancreatic tumor from normal pancreas, inflammatory tissue, local fibrosis, and unopacified bowel. As a result, objective tumor measurements are often imprecise, unreliable, and irreproducible. This difficulty may explain the wide variation in response rates reported in clinical trials even when the same therapies are used. Tumor-related symptoms, such as anorexia, weight loss, severe pain (requiring opioid analgesia), and impaired functional status, are prevalent and debilitating characteristics of this disease. Tools that can assess these symptoms in a consistent fashion over time have been developed and have been integrated into clinical trials to evaluate new drugs in this setting. CONCLUSIONS Systematic assessment of the impact of a new therapy on tumor-related symptoms may provide a sensitive and accurate way to identify useful new treatments for patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Such analyses can be a useful complement to the classical endpoints of response rate and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Rothenberg
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rothenberg ML, Abbruzzese JL, Moore M, Portenoy RK, Robertson JM, Wanebo HJ. A rationale for expanding the endpoints for clinical trials in advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960801)78:3+<627::aid-cncr7>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
24
|
Herrington MK, Adrian TE. On the role of cholecystokinin in pancreatic cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1995; 17:121-38. [PMID: 7622936 DOI: 10.1007/bf02788530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Herrington
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) act as growth factors for the gastric mucosa and the pancreas, respectively. CCK is also responsible, via the CCK-A receptor, for the pancreatic hyperplasia observed following the feeding of protease inhibitors or pancreaticobiliary diversion. Hypergastrinaemia does not increase the incidence of spontaneous gastrointestinal carcinoma, but does stimulate the proliferation of gastric enterochromaffin-like cells via the gastrin/CCK-B receptor, with a consequent increase in the incidence of gastric carcinoids. Whether gastrin influences mutagen-induced gastrointestinal carcinogenesis is still controversial, but CCK clearly enhances the induction by carcinogens of acinar tumours in the pancreas. While gastrin increases xenograft growth of 50% of gastrointestinal tumours tested, effects on the proliferation of gastrointestinal tumour cell lines in vitro have been more difficult to demonstrate, perhaps because many cell lines are already maximally stimulated by autocrine gastrin. Gastrin mRNA and progastrin, but not mature amidated gastrin, have been detected in all gastrointestinal cell lines tested. Although cell proliferation is inhibited by gastrin/CCK receptor antagonists, the spectrum of antagonist affinities is not consistent with binding to either CCK-A or gastrin/CCK-B receptors. Definition of the molecular structure of the receptor involved in the autocrine loop may lead to novel therapies for gastrointestinal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Baldwin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Tumour Biology Branch, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moore GJ, Smith JR, Baylis BW, Matsoukas JM. Design and pharmacology of peptide mimetics. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1995; 33:91-41. [PMID: 7495678 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G J Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chapter 2. Centrally Acting Analgesics. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
28
|
Watanabe N, Otsuki M. A cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, loxiglumide, stimulates biliary secretion in conscious rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 264:331-6. [PMID: 7698173 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the CCK receptor antagonists loxiglumide [D,L-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzoylamino)-5-(N-3-methoxy-propylpentylam ino)-5-oxo- pentanoic acid, CR 1505] and MK-329 [3S(-)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzo-diazepine-3-y l)-1H - indole-2-carboxamide, L-364,718], on bile flow were investigated in conscious rats. The bile duct of male Wistar rats was cannulated to directly collect pure bile, and the second cannula was inserted into the duodenum for reinfusion of bile. On the 4th through 7th postoperative days loxiglumide (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight), MK-329 (1 mg/kg body weight) or the respective solvent (saline and 80% dimethyl sulfoxide) was injected subcutaneously. Loxiglumide caused dose-dependent increases in bile flow and bile acid output with a slight non-dose-dependent increase in bilirubin output. The integrated increments of bile flow during a 3-h period after saline and 100 mg/kg body weight loxiglumide were -14 +/- 71 and 982 +/- 61 microliters/100 g body weight, respectively, and those of bile acids were 2.5 +/- 1.4 and 23.1 +/- 4.1 mumol/100 g body weight, respectively. In contrast, MK-329 markedly decreased the bile flow (-439 +/- 76 vs. control; -32.8 +/- 76 microliters/100 g body weight/3 h, P < 0.001) and bile acids output (-16.3 +/- 6.8 vs. control; 3.4 +/- 3.8 mumol/100 g body weight/3 h, P < 0.001), while it significantly increased bilirubin output (86.4 +/- 15.6 vs. 43.5 +/- 1.1 mg/100 g body weight/3 h, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, School of Medicine, Kitakyusyu
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tachibana I, Otsuki M. Effects of a new benzodiazepine derivative cholecystokinin receptor antagonist FK480 on pancreatic exocrine secretion in anesthetized rats. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:1321-8. [PMID: 8200267 DOI: 10.1007/bf02093800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of a newly developed benzodiazepine derivative (S)-N-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxo-pyrrolo-[3,2,1- jk][1,4] benzodiazepine-3yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (FK480), a cholecystokinin (CCK) -A receptor antagonist, on pancreatic exocrine secretion were examined in vivo in anesthetized rats. The antagonism produced by FK480 was competitive in nature because intraduodenal as well as intravenous infusion of FK480 (50-250 nmol/kg/hr) caused a parallel rightward shift of the entire dose-response curve for cerulein-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion without altering the maximal increase. The magnitude of the shift was proportional to the dose of FK480. The mean pA2 and ID50 values of intravenously administered FK480 were 8.2 and 24 nmol/kg/hr, respectively, and those of intraduodenally infused FK480 were 7.7 and 168 nmol/kg/hr, respectively. Thus, FK480 given by the intravenous route was about sevenfold more potent than that given by the oral route. The antagonistic effects produced by intravenous FK480 were specific for CCK receptor in that the stimulatory effects of cerulein were inhibited whereas those of bombesin and secretin were not altered. In addition, intravenous administration of 50 nmol/kg/hr FK480 completely suppressed pancreatic exocrine secretion in response to intraduodenal infusion of 10% casein (400 mg/hr). FK480 was active as a CCK receptor antagonist for more than 12 hr because oral administration of FK480 (1.0 mg/kg) had significant inhibitory effects even after 12 hr on cerulein-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion. These results indicate that FK480 is a potent, competitive, and specific CCK receptor antagonist on the exocrine pancreas in vivo, having oral bioavailability and a long biological half-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Tachibana
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Press JB, Raffa RB. Patent Update Central & Peripheral Nervous System: Recent advances in opioid and non-opioid analgesia (1992–1993). Expert Opin Ther Pat 1994. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.4.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|