Septicemia and gastroenteritis due to Vibrio fetus

Campylobacteriosis in man: pathogenic mechanisms and review of 91 bloodstream infections

Five patients with Campylobacter fetus(previously called "Vibrio fetus") bacteremia are presented with enteric symptoms in four patients, a self-limited course in three, and with possible nosocomial infection in one patient who had disseminated malignancy. The clinical syndromes of 91 bacteremic patients with campylobacteriosis and C. fetus taxonomy and pathogenicity are reviewed. Studies of potential pathogenic mechanisms in enteric infections failed to reveal the production of either heat-stable or heat-labile, cholera-like enterotoxin, cytotoxicity or invasiveness. In comparison with different species of vibrio infections, C. fetus appears to produce disease by a different mechanism, one which involves a bloodstream infection, perhaps following penetration through the intestinal mucosa as has been demonstrated experimentally with salmonellae and yersinia. Such a pattern is consistent with the clinical pattern of C. fetus infections and the experimental studies reported herein.

Isolation of Campylobacter fetus from recent cases of human vibriosis

Campylobacter fetus was isolated from five recent cases of human vibriosis, of which two were adults and three were children. One adult presented with pericarditis and the other with recurrent pyrexia. Campylobacter fetus subsp. intestinalis which resembled cattle strains serologically, was isolated under CO2 or anaerobic conditions from blood cultures of these patients. Two of the three children had kwashiorkor and the third was only 8 days old. Isolates identified as Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were cultured from blood of these patients, two of whom had diarrhoea. Three patients succumbed, despite adequate antibiotic therapy. The epidemiology of the disease is discussed and it is suggested that infection may have been from the patients' own flora.