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Algradi AM, Liu Y, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Review on the genus Brugmansia: Traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113910. [PMID: 33571613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Brugmansia belongs to the Solanaceae family and contains approximately 7-8 species distributed in America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The genus Brugmansia plants are used in the traditional medicine of different parts of the world for the treatment of inflammations, rheumatic arthritis, wounds, skin infections, headache, asthma, colic, aches, and so on. AIM OF THE REVIEW To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review study that focuses on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and traditional uses of Brugmansia species in order to understand the link between the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and modern therapeutic uses, and provide a scientific fundamental for further research in the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of their species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information reported in this study was retrieved from the scientific database such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, CNKI, Wiley, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar, up until May 2020. The key search word was "Brugmansia." Additionally, information was derived by search on the reference lists of included articles and Ph.D. dissertations. RESULTS As traditional uses, Brugmansia species are used against a wide range of diseases such as body pain, inflammatory conditions, skin infection, wound, and other diseases. Also, these species are used as a hallucinogen, protection from evil, and magical rituals. Phytochemical investigations have led to reporting approximately 189 chemical compounds in this genus. Among these components, tropane alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids are the most representative components of Brugmansia species. The plant extracts and chemical constituents of Brugmansia species exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antispasmodic, anti-asthmatic, antinociceptive, antiprotozoal activities, and so on. CONCLUSION This review summarized and analyzed the information of traditional uses, phytochemical, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of the genus Brugmansia plants, which show their species have interesting chemical constituents with different biological activities. The traditional uses of some species from this genus have been estimated by pharmacological activities, such as the anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiasthma, antinociceptive, anti-addictive, and antiprotozoal activity. However, the traditional uses of many species have not been confirmed, also the secondary metabolites of the many species have not yet been determined and have never been pharmacologically estimated. Considerably more research is needed to assert the ethnopharmacological uses, determine the chemical constituents, toxicity, and pharmacological activities of the genus Brugmansia species. The present review will be helpful for further research in the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Brugmansia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mohammed Algradi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Ischemic Stroke and Provoked Seizure as a Manifestation of Brugmansia suaveolens (Angel's Trumpet) Acute Intoxication: A Detailed Clinical, Electroencephalogram, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Description and 5-Month Follow-up. Clin Neuropharmacol 2021; 44:231-234. [PMID: 34516441 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
METHODS We present a detailed clinical, laboratory, electroencephalogram/magnetic resonance imaging description and a 4-month follow-up of a case of stroke and provoked seizures as manifestation of angel's trumpet intoxication. RESULTS/DISCUSSION A 76-year-old woman presented with stuporous state evolving in 48 hours in bilateral mydriasis, vomiting, global aphasia, confusion, and stereotyped movement. An interictal electroencephalogram, performed 72 hours later, showed frequent generalized epileptiform discharges, and a brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed 2 small subcortical lesions in the right frontal lobe on diffusion weighted imaging sequences. When completely recovered, she could tell that she had mistaken angel's trumpet flowers for pumpkin flowers, so she had eaten them. CONCLUSIONS Angel's trumpet intoxication is a neurological emergency that deserves attention of both the media in matter of plant poisoning and the scientific forums because of the high lethal potential to better choose the diagnostic and therapeutic process.
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Habchi KM, Li MT, Mallard CA, Baker M, Ortega R. The Anesthesiologist's Armamentarium: From Recreation to Medication and Back. J Anesth Hist 2020; 6:17-26. [PMID: 32473762 DOI: 10.1016/j.janh.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, mankind has sought a means of altering consciousness, often aided by naturally occurring elements. Psychotropic substances have been an integral part of spiritual, medicinal, and recreational aspects of life. The origin of anesthesiology stems directly from the use of recreational drugs; early inhaled anesthetics were first used as a means of entertainment. Hence, it is no surprise that many medications in the anesthesiologist's armamentarium are diverted for recreational use. In the 172 years following the first successful public demonstration of ether anesthesia, many drugs with abuse potential have been introduced to the practice of anesthesia. Although anesthesiologists are aware of the abuse potential of these drugs, how these drugs are obtained and used for recreational purposes is worthy of discussion. There are articles describing the historical and recreational use of specific drug classes. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review focusing on the breadth of drugs used by anesthesiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam M Habchi
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118.
| | - Michael T Li
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118.
| | | | | | - Rafael Ortega
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, 1 Boston Medical Center Place, Boston, MA 02118.
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Jayawickreme KP, Janaka KVC, Subasinghe SASP. Unknowing ingestion of Brugmansia suaveolens leaves presenting with signs of anticholinergic toxicity: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:322. [PMID: 31665073 PMCID: PMC6819485 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brugmansia suaveolens is the commonest species under the Solanacea (“Angels Trumpet” in English; “Attana” in Sinhalese) plant family in Sri Lanka. It contains alkaloids like scopolamine, atropine and hyoscyamine which can cause an anticholinergic toxindrome. There have been a few reported cases of accidental ingestion of Brugmansia seeds among children, seeds being the most toxic part, but no such reported cases of Brugmansia leaves poisoning among adults. Case presentation A 60-year-old-female Sinhalese presented with acute confusion, delirium, and agitation. She had ingested a herbal drink made from leaves of an unknown plant from her garden prior to onset of symptoms. She had urinary retention, mydriasis and sinus tachycardia. She was managed supportively with activated charcoal and hydration and the delirium completely resolved within 15 hours. The presented unkown plant leaves were identified as Brugmansia suaveolens. Conclusion Although seeds are the most toxic plant part in most cases of Brugmansia poisoning, leaves also have a significant degree of toxicity. It is important that medical professionals promptly recognize the features of anticholinergic syndrome, and have a high index to suspect Brugmansia poisoning and start prompt treatment. It is also important to improve awareness of toxic plants among the general community to prevent toxicities and fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Jayawickreme
- Sri Jayawardenepura General Hospital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Sri Lanka.
| | - K V C Janaka
- Sri Jayawardenepura General Hospital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Sri Lanka
| | - S A S P Subasinghe
- Sri Jayawardenepura General Hospital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Sri Lanka
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Doan UV, Wu ML, Phua DH, Mendez Rojas B, Yang CC. Datura and Brugmansia plants related antimuscarinic toxicity: an analysis of poisoning cases reported to the Taiwan poison control center. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018; 57:246-253. [PMID: 30522351 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1513527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Vy Doan
- International Health Program, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Toxicology & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Wu
- Division of Clinical Toxicology & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Haur Phua
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bomar Mendez Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones e Intervenciones en Salud, Leon, Nicaragua
- Pan American Health Organization, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Division of Clinical Toxicology & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Batouche DD, Benatta NF, Tabeliouna K, Boudjahfa S, Touhami Y, Hakkoum S. [Hypertensive crisis and anticholinergic toxidrome secondary to accidental consumption of datura stramonium in two children]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2018; 67:215-218. [PMID: 29759800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a hypertensive clinical form of atropine or anticholinergic toxidrome secondary to accidental consumption of Datura seeds. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report two cases of Datura intoxication in two children who presented marked anticholinergic syndrome whose diagnosis was made by the anamnesis and the clinic. RESULT Patient 1: A 5-year-old boy, returns home agitated with balance disorders. He was admitted to pediatric resuscitation unit. His Glasgow score was 11/15. The child made inconsistent remarks. The neurological examination revealed mydriasis. Hemodynamically, the blood pressure was 145/91mmHg, the heart rate was 145 bpm. The rest of the examination noted a temperature of 37.5°, a bladder globe. Standard biological tests were normal. ECG found sinus tachycardia. Urine analysis revealed a positive alkaloid reaction with the presence of atropine. The evolution was favorable after 48hours. Patient 2: 45-month-old boy admitted to a state of severe agitation of toxic origin. The clinical examination showed a central and peripheral anticholinergic symptomatology with severe hallucinations, severe hypertension, and a heart rate at 190 bpm. The rest of the examination found erythema in the thorax and upper limbs, bilateral mydriasis. The toxicological report confirmed the presence of alkaloids. The evolution was favorable. CONCLUSION Hypertension crisis and other anticholinergic clinical signs of Datura stramonium intoxication achieve favorable outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Batouche
- Faculté de médecine, université Ahmed-Benbellah, 31000 Oran, Algérie.
| | - N-F Benatta
- Faculté de médecine, université Ahmed-Benbellah, 31000 Oran, Algérie
| | - K Tabeliouna
- Faculté de médecine, université Ahmed-Benbellah, 31000 Oran, Algérie
| | - S Boudjahfa
- Faculté de médecine, université Ahmed-Benbellah, 31000 Oran, Algérie
| | - Y Touhami
- Faculté de médecine, université Ahmed-Benbellah, 31000 Oran, Algérie
| | - S Hakkoum
- Faculté de médecine, université Ahmed-Benbellah, 31000 Oran, Algérie
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Takeshima S, Neshige S, Hara N, Kubo T, Himeno T, Kuriyama M. [Acute encephalopathy due to angel's trumpet intoxication: A case report and literature review]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2017; 57:225-229. [PMID: 28450691 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases (a married couple) of intoxication due to angel's trumpet ingestion. Case 1: A 71-year-old woman was found lying unconscious on the sofa at home and was brought to our hospital by ambulance. She showed mydriatic anisocoria, and an intracerebral lesion was suspected. However, the brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormal lesion and acute encephalopathy of unknown cause was diagnosed. Case 2: A 68-year-old man (husband of the patient of Case 1) showed alteration of consciousness with agitation and was admitted to our hospital on the next day. He also had slight mydriasis. As his manifestations were similar to those of his wife, we studied their medical history again. We found that they mistook the roots of angel's trumpet for burdock and cooked and ate them. This intoxication causes characteristic encephalopathy with altered consciousness and mydriasis. In the case of anisocoria or mild mydriasis, the diagnosis is difficult sometimes. The intoxication occurred within a family; this was a clue to the correct diagnosis. Severe cases exhibit pyramidal signs and symptoms or convulsion, and deaths have been reported. Angel's trumpet intoxication is an important neurological emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoyuki Hara
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital
- Present Address: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
| | - Tomoshi Kubo
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital
- Present Address: Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
| | - Takahiro Himeno
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital
| | - Masaru Kuriyama
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital
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Diaz JH. Poisoning by Herbs and Plants: Rapid Toxidromic Classification and Diagnosis. Wilderness Environ Med 2017; 27:136-52. [PMID: 26948561 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The American Association of Poison Control Centers has continued to report approximately 50,000 telephone calls or 8% of incoming calls annually related to plant exposures, mostly in children. Although the frequency of plant ingestions in children is related to the presence of popular species in households, adolescents may experiment with hallucinogenic plants; and trekkers and foragers may misidentify poisonous plants as edible. Since plant exposures have continued at a constant rate, the objectives of this review were (1) to review the epidemiology of plant poisonings; and (2) to propose a rapid toxidromic classification system for highly toxic plant ingestions for field use by first responders in comparison to current classification systems. Internet search engines were queried to identify and select peer-reviewed articles on plant poisonings using the key words in order to classify plant poisonings into four specific toxidromes: cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, cytotoxic, and gastrointestinal-hepatotoxic. A simple toxidromic classification system of plant poisonings may permit rapid diagnoses of highly toxic versus less toxic and nontoxic plant ingestions both in households and outdoors; direct earlier management of potentially serious poisonings; and reduce costly inpatient evaluations for inconsequential plant ingestions. The current textbook classification schemes for plant poisonings were complex in comparison to the rapid classification system; and were based on chemical nomenclatures and pharmacological effects, and not on clearly presenting toxidromes. Validation of the rapid toxidromic classification system as compared to existing chemical classification systems for plant poisonings will require future adoption and implementation of the toxidromic system by its intended users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Diaz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health; Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC) in New Orleans, New Orleans, LA.
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Disel NR, Yilmaz M, Kekec Z, Karanlik M. Poisoned after Dinner: Dolma with Datura Stramonium. Turk J Emerg Med 2016; 15:51-5. [PMID: 27437523 PMCID: PMC4909958 DOI: 10.5505/1304.7361.2015.70894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Datura stramonium, which is also known as Thorn Apple or Jimson Weed, is an alkaloid containing plant that is entirely toxic. The active toxic constituents of the plant are atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine. It has been abused worldwide for hundreds of years because of its hallucinogenic properties. Previous reports have shown that herbal medication overdose and accidental food contamination are ways it can cause poisoning. Herein we present a family that had three of its members poisoned after eating a traditional meal “dolma” made of datura flowers. None had fatal complications and all were discharged healthy. Datura stromonium may be used accidentally as a food ingredient. Since its poisonous effects are not known, people should be informed and warned about the effects of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezihat Rana Disel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Emergency Clinic, Necip Fazil City Hospital, Kahranmaras, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kekec
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Meryem Karanlik
- Department of Emergency Clinic, Kilis Government Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Kim Y, Kim J, Kim OJ, Kim WC. Intoxication by angel's trumpet: case report and literature review. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:553. [PMID: 25138632 PMCID: PMC4148940 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brugmansia, commonly referred to as angel’s trumpet (AT), has been become popular in Korea as an ornamental shrub. However, it is not generally known by the public that this plant contains tropane alkaloids, and that ingestion of AT can lead to anticholinergic poisoning. Case presentation A 64-year-old Korean female presented with acute mental changes caused by inadvertent ingestion of the petals of AT flowers used as a garnish in a traditional Korean food (bibimbop). She regained her usual level of awareness after 10 hours. Conclusion Considering its easy availability, the toxicity of AT should be addressed to prevent accidental and intentional poisoning by this ornamental plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Won Chan Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-712, South Korea.
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Levine M, Ruha AM, Graeme K, Brooks DE, Canning J, Curry SC. Toxicology in the ICU: part 3: natural toxins. Chest 2011; 140:1357-1370. [PMID: 22045882 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the third article of a three-part series that reviews the care of poisoned patients in the ICU. This article focuses on natural toxins, such as heavy metals and those produced by plants, mushrooms, arthropods, and snakes. The first article discussed the general approach to the patient, including laboratory testing; the second article focused on specific toxic agents, grouped into categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levine
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ.
| | - Anne-Michelle Ruha
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kim Graeme
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Daniel E Brooks
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Joshua Canning
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Steven C Curry
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
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Vearrier D, Greenberg MI. Anticholinergic delirium following Datura stramonium ingestion: Implications for the Internet age. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2011; 3:303. [PMID: 20930988 PMCID: PMC2938509 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.66565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational use of Datura to deliberately induce an anticholinergic delirium is not uncommon. We present a case of Datura intoxication in a young adult who learned about the recreational use of Datura on the Internet and subsequently purchased Datura stramonium seeds from an online vendor. Using the Google search engine, we conducted searches for "Datura," "jimson weed" and "Datura seeds" and reviewed the first 200 search results for each search term. We found 16 websites recommending the recreational use of Datura, 12 vendors selling seeds of genus Datura and one website that both promoted the recreational use of Datura and also sold Datura stramonium leaves. The promotion of recreational use of Datura on the Internet represents a danger to public health and the ability to purchase Datura seeds from Internet vendors may increase the prevalence of Datura abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vearrier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15 St, Mail Stop #1011, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sevketoglu E, Tatlı B, Tuğcu B, Demirelli Y, Hatipoglu S. An unusual cause of fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome: angel's trumpet. Pediatr Neurol 2010; 43:368-70. [PMID: 20933184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old previously healthy boy presented with typical findings of Guillain-Barré syndrome and unilateral tonic pupil. He was placed on mechanical ventilation for 35 days for respiratory failure. Plasmapheresis and two courses of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy were given to the patient, and he experienced stepwise recovery from his illness. This case of acute motor axonal neuropathy type Guillain-Barré syndrome is novel in that the cause was established as ingestion of a toxic solanaceous plant, angel's trumpet (Brugmansia suaveolens; syn. Datura suaveolens). Understanding the signs and symptoms of angel's trumpet toxicity can allow for early diagnosis and proper case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sevketoglu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Tropane alkaloids (from Datura sp.) as undesirable substances in animal feed - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. EFSA J 2008. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2008.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Lazzarini D, Baffoni MT, Cangiotti C, Di Fronzo G, Gerboni S, Micheli R, Morelli S, Morolli L, Ioli G. Food poisoning by Datura stramonium: an unusual case report. Intern Emerg Med 2006; 1:88-90. [PMID: 16941824 DOI: 10.1007/bf02934733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Isbister GK, Oakley P, Dawson AH, Whyte IM. Presumed Angel's trumpet (Brugmansia) poisoning: clinical effects and epidemiology. Emerg Med Australas 2004; 15:376-82. [PMID: 14631706 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2026.2003.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pattern and epidemiology of anticholinergic plant poisoning, and to characterize its time course and clinical features. METHODS We reviewed all anticholinergic plant poisonings using a prospective database of all poisonings admitted to a major toxicology unit in Australia. All patients that presented with anticholinergic plant poisoning between July 1990 and June 2000 were included. Patient demographics, details of poisoning, diagnostic clinical features, adverse effects (seizures, arrhythmias, hypotension, accidental injury), and treatments required were obtained. Important diagnostic features were analysed and compared to previous studies. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were presumed to have ingested Brugmansia spp. (Angel's trumpet) based on their description of the plant; median age 18 years (interquartile range 16-20); 82% males. Thirty-one ingested a brewed tea or parts of the plant (flower). Thirty-one used it recreationally. Common clinical features were: mydriasis (100%), mean duration 29 h (SD 13) and delirium (88%) with a mean duration of 18 h (SD 12). Tachycardia only occurred in 11 of the 33 patients (33%). In 24 patients where the time of ingestion was certain, 7 of 8 (88%) patients presenting within 5 h had tachycardia and only 5 out of 16 (31%) presenting after 5 h had tachycardia. There were no deaths, seizures or arrhythmias (excepting tachycardia). One patient had hypotension and two sustained accidental traumatic injuries. Nineteen patients required sedation, mainly with benzodiazepines. Physostigmine was used diagnostically in eight cases. CONCLUSIONS Anticholinergic plant abuse is sporadic in nature. Most cases were moderate in severity, requiring sedation only, and severe toxicity was rare. Mydriasis and delirium were the commonest features, the later having important implications for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K Isbister
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Newcastle Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatric and neurological patients frequently try herbal medicines often under the assumption that they are safe. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a summary of recent data on severe psychiatric and neurological adverse effects of herbal remedies. METHOD Computerized literature searches were carried out to identify all reports of psychiatric and neurological adverse effects associated with herbal medicines. These data were subsequently extracted, validated and summarized in narrative and tabular form. RESULTS Numerous case reports comprise a diverse array of adverse events including cerebral arteritis, cerebral oedema, delirium, coma, confusion, encephalopathy, hallucinations, intracerebral haemorrhage, and other types of cerebrovascular accidents, movement disorders, mood disturbances, muscle weakness, paresthesiae and seizures. Several fatalities are on record. They are caused by improper use, toxicity of herbal ingredients, contamination and adulteration of preparations and herb/drug interactions. CONCLUSION Herbal medicines can cause serious psychiatric and neurological adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ernst
- Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter & Plymouth, Exeter, UK.
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21
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Abstract
This is a case report of an otherwise healthy 2-year-old boy with a history of pica, associated with iron deficiency anemia. This boy was referred to our department for a neurologic evaluation because of an acute episode of sialorrhea, difficulty in speaking, dysphagia, and repeated swallowing movements. An uncertain episode of a brief-duration still gaze was also reported. In addition, the history revealed that the child had earlier ingested a leaf from a poisonous houseplant called Colocasia esculenta, also known as "elephant's ear." The habit of pica subsided after treatment with iron supplements. A 9-month follow-up period was uneventful. Neurologic manifestations can accompany accidental intoxications of some non-nutrient substances. Thus, pica must be suspected in children with acute behavior alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mihailidou
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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22
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Abstract
UNLABELLED In the past several years there has been a dramatic proliferation of drug-related sites on the Internet. This article reviews the information found at selected Internet drug information libraries, and comments on its accuracy and implications. Drug-related sites were found by initially performing an Internet search on "psychoactive drugs" and then exploring links among the sites identified. Sites were chosen on the basis of comprehensiveness of information and positive or tolerant attitude toward drug use. While all classes of drugs are discussed at these sites, the primary foci of interest are synthetic and naturally occurring hallucinogens. Many of the biological materials discussed are legal and readily available. Information surveyed at these sites was largely accurate regarding the effects of various substances and biological sources of psychoactive compounds. CONCLUSIONS Internet drug information libraries contain large amounts of information about a wide variety of drugs, including previously little-known biological sources of hallucinogens. The availability of this information could have significant effects on patterns of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Bogenschutz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA
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23
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Abstract
Toxicity related to traditional medicines is becoming more widely recognized as these remedies become popular in developed countries. Accidental herbal toxicity occurs not only as a result of a lack of pharmaceutic quality control in harvesting and preparation but also because herbal remedies are believed to be harmless. Although there is a huge amount of data available documenting the pharmacologically active ingredients of many plants, it is seldom helpful to the toxicologist in an acute situation. Current analytic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography--mass spectrometry, and immunoassays can provide identification of the toxin in those few cases in which the history or symptoms give a clear lead, but broad screening methods remain to be developed. In most cases of plant poisoning, treatment continues to be only of symptoms, with few specific antidotes available. It is important that toxicologists in the West be alert to the possibility of encountering poisoning in patients due to traditional African remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stewart
- Department of Chemical Pathology, South African Institute for Medical Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa
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24
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Sopchak CA, Stork CM, Cantor RM, Ohara PE. Central anticholinergic syndrome due to Jimson weed physostigmine: therapy revisited? JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 1998; 36:43-5. [PMID: 9541041 DOI: 10.3109/15563659809162583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Treatments used in complementary medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-6080(98)80052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Reichmuth D, Greene G, Matfin G, Adelman HM. A dazed and disoriented man found by the roadside. Hosp Pract (1995) 1997; 32:37-40. [PMID: 9153138 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.1997.11443482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Reichmuth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
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