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Taher M, Susanti D, Haris MS, Rushdan AA, Widodo RT, Syukri Y, Khotib J. PEGylated liposomes enhance the effect of cytotoxic drug: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13823. [PMID: 36873538 PMCID: PMC9976326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a second leading disease-causing death worldwide that will continuously grow as much as 70% in the next 20 years. Chemotherapy is still becoming a choice for cancer treatment despite its severity of side effects and low success rate due to ineffective delivery of the chemodrugs. Since it was introduced in 1960, significant progress has been achieved in the use of liposomes in drug delivery. The study aims to review relevant literatures on role of PEGylated liposome in enhancing cytotoxic activity of several agents. A systematic literature on the use of PEGylated liposomes in anticancer research via Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed databases was conducted for studies published from 2000 to 2022. A total of 15 articles were selected and reviewed from 312 articles identified covering a variety of anticancer treatments by using PEGylated liposomes. PEGylated liposome which is purposed to achieve steric equilibrium is one of enhanced strategies to deliver anticancer drugs. It has been shown that some improvement of delivery and protection form a harsh gastric environment of several anticancer drugs when they are formulated in a PEGylated liposome. One of the successful drugs that has been clinically used is Doxil®, followed by some other drugs in the pipeline Various drugs (compounds) had been used to enhance the efficacy of PEGylated liposomes for targeted cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, PEGylated liposomes enhance drug activities and have great potential to become efficient anticancer delivery to follow Doxil® in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Deny Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Salahuddin Haris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Aina Atiqah Rushdan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Riyanto Teguh Widodo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yandi Syukri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Islam Indonesia, 55584, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
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2
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Yu J, Wang X, Xu M, Zhang B, Xiong Z, Mao H, Lv X, Zhou L. Synthesis of α-pyrones via gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/[2 + 1] cycloaddition/rearrangement of enyne-amides and sulfur ylides. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/[2 + 1]cycloaddition/rearrangement of enyne-amides and sulfur ylides is reported. This strategy enables rapid and efficient construction of a series of α-pyrone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zuping Xiong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China
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Yuan J, Zhou X, Cao W, Bi L, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Wang S. Improved Antitumor Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Bufalin via PEGylated Liposomes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:585. [PMID: 29124481 PMCID: PMC5680394 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bufalin was reported to show strong pharmacological effects including cardiotonic, antiviral, immune-regulation, and especially antitumor effects. The objective of this study was to determine the characterization, antitumor efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes compared with bufalin entity, which were prepared by FDA-approved pharmaceutical excipients. Bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes and bufalin-loaded liposomes were prepared reproducibly with homogeneous particle size by the combination of thin film evaporation method and high-pressure homogenization method. Their mean particle sizes were 127.6 and 155.0 nm, mean zeta potentials were 2.24 and - 18.5 mV, and entrapment efficiencies were 76.31 and 78.40%, respectively. In vitro release profile revealed that the release of bufalin in bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes was slower than that in bufalin-loaded liposomes. The cytotoxicity of blank liposomes has been found within acceptable range, whereas bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes showed enhanced cytotoxicity to U251 cells compared with bufalin entity. In vivo pharmacokinetics indicated that bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes could extend or eliminate the half-life time of bufalin in plasma in rats. The results suggested that bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes improved the solubility and increased the drug concentration in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yuan
- Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linlin Bi
- Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Development Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine & Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Song T, Zhang Y, Song Q, Han X, Guan S, Zhang X, Chu X, Zhang F, Zhang J, Chu L. Bufalin, a bufanolide steroid from the parotoid glands of the Chinese toad, suppresses hERG K + currents expressed in HEK293 cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 31:695-700. [PMID: 28755515 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channels using the perforated patch recording technique. We measured a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 24.83 μM and maximal inhibitory effect of 39.45 ± 1.14% with bufalin. These findings suggest that bufalin is a potent hERG K+ channel blocker and may provide a new way for understanding Chan Su-induced arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongtao Song
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Han
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China.,Hebei key laboratory of integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
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Bhuiyan MBA, Fant ME, Dasgupta A. Study on mechanism of action of Chinese medicine Chan Su: dose-dependent biphasic production of nitric oxide in trophoblastic BeWo cells. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 330:179-84. [PMID: 12636938 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chan Su, a traditional Chinese medicine, is used for treating the heart diseases and other systemic illnesses. Our studies with animal model have revealed its role in increasing intracellular calcium concentration in cardiomyocytes. Nitric oxide (NO), a second messenger molecule, and its metabolites have been demonstrated to maintain and modulate multiple physiologic functions including the cardiovascular and reproductive systems. In order to explore the mechanism of action of Chan Su, we studied the ability of Chan Su to stimulate NO production in cultured trophoblastic BeWo cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BeWo cell is a cloned established cell line purified from human choriocarcinoma. These cells have some similarities in biological behavior with endothelial cells. Therefore, BeWo cell line may act as a model system for production of nitric oxide by Chan Su both in placenta and in cardiovascular tissue, and the results can easily be extrapolated to cardiomyocytes. Very small amount of ethanol extract of Chan Su was added to the cultured cells in KBM buffer and a chemiluminescence system was used for the measurement of nitric oxide. The amounts of Chan Su extract added to cultured cells were comparable to expected level of Chan Su in human serum after ingestion. We also repeated these experiments with bufalin, the active component of Chan Su. RESULTS The ethanol extract of Chan Su (5 and 10 microg/ml) significantly increased NO production up to 110% of basal control value, but higher concentrations (40 and 80 microg/ml) of Chan Su (as expected in an overdose) resulted in decreased NO production below the control level. This biphasic effect on nitric oxide production was also observed with bufalin, the active component of Chan Su responsible for its digoxin-like immunoreactivity. The presence of bufalin in Chan Su preparation was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. CONCLUSIONS Chan Su as well as bufalin is able to modulate the production of NO in BeWo cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Baidul Alam Bhuiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 2.292, 77030, USA
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Choi J, Kim C, Choi MJ. Effects of the competitor on antibody-hapten binding in immunoassays. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2002; 23:69-83. [PMID: 11848102 DOI: 10.1081/ias-120002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of competitors on antibody (Ab)-hapten binding in an immunoassay were investigated using a goat antimethamphetamine (MA) antibody (Ab). An N-4-aminobutyl derivative of methamphetamine (4-ABMA) was conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH) and used as an immunogen. The antiserum was purified by affinity chromatography with various ligands, including 4-ABMA-protein conjugates, free haptens, and protein G. Direct and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted with a competitor of 4-ABMA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (4-ABMA-FITC). The results were compared to those of ELISA with a different competing antigen, 4-ABMA-ovalbumin (4-ABMA-OVA), in terms of sensitivity and specificity. In both direct and indirect assay formats, the sensitivity was much improved with 4-ABMA-FITC, compared to that with 4-ABMA-OVA, suggesting that different labels on the same haptenic moiety for competitors considerably influence the assay performance. All the purified Abs also showed a distinct feature of strong affinity for benzphetamine with 4-ABMA-FITC, whereas they had their respective binding specificities with 4-ABMA-OVA. Comparing the results to those from other assay systems, we determined that the assay sensitivity was dependent on both the system and the competitor employed, and that the specificity was primarily dependent on the competitor used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Choi
- Bioanalysis & Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul.
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Dasgupta A, Galvao Neto AL, Wells A, Olsen M, Actor JK. Digitoxin-like immunoreactivity in sera of mice after feeding with chinese medicine Chan Su: study of protein binding of Chan Su in normal sera, uremic sera and sera from patients with liver disease. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 305:175-9. [PMID: 11249936 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines are readily available without prescription from herbal drug stores. One such Chinese medicine, Chan Su, which is prepared from the skin gland of toads, has cardiotonic effect due to bufadienolides. Here we report rapid detection of the presence of Chan Su in blood using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay for digitoxin. In our study mice were fed with a dose of 75 mg/kg of Chan Su and blood was drawn before, and 1 and 2 h after feeding. We observed significant digitoxin-like immunoreactivity in the sera. For example in one mouse the digitoxin-like immunoreactivity was undetectable before feeding with Chan Su, but was 19.7 ng/ml 1 h and 8.8 ng/ml 2 h afterwards. The apparent half-life of Chan Su is approximately 1 h in mice. In another experiment, we studied protein binding of Chan Su by measuring total and free Chan Su concentrations (ultrafiltrate prepared by using Centrifree Micropartition Filter, molecular weight cutoff: 30000 Da). Chan Su was strongly bound to serum proteins. We observed higher free fraction in uremic sera and sera from patients with liver disease. We identified albumin as one of the proteins that bind Chan Su in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Biddle DA, Datta P, Wells A, Dasgupta A. Falsely elevated serum digitoxin concentrations due to cross-reactivity of water-extractable digitoxin-like immunoreactivity of Chinese medicine Chan SU: elimination of interference by use of a chemiluminescent assay. Clin Chim Acta 2000; 300:151-8. [PMID: 10958871 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicines are available without prescription in health food stores. One such Chinese preparation, Chan SU, is used as a cardiotonic agent. Digoxin-like immunoreactivity of Chan SU has been reported in the past. In this report we demonstrated significant digitoxin-like immunoreactivity of Chan SU. For example, when a 20-microl aliquot of an aqueous extract of Chan SU (2 mg/ml) was added to drug-free serum, the observed digitoxin-like immunoreactivity was 51.40 ng/ml by the fluorescence polarization assay. In contrast, a new chemiluminescent assay for digitoxin did not show any immunoreactivity. When very small amount of aqueous extract of Chan SU was added into serum containing digitoxin, the observed digitoxin concentrations were falsely elevated when measured by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), but did not change significantly when measured by the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). Significant digitoxin-like immunoreactivity was also observed (FPIA) in mice after feeding with Chan SU. Because bufalin, cinobufotalin and cinobufagin are major components of Chan SU, digitoxin-like immunoreactivity of these purified compounds was also studied. Bufalin was identified as the major digitoxin-like immunoreactive compound responsible for most of the interference in serum digitoxin measurement using the FPIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Biddle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 2.292, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Datta P, Dasgupta A. Bidirectional (positive/negative) interference in a digoxin immunoassay: importance of antibody specificity. Ther Drug Monit 1998; 20:352-7. [PMID: 9631936 DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199806000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of high specificity in immunoassays used in therapeutic monitoring is highlighted by a case study in which therapeutic-to-toxic borderline digoxin levels were measured by a digoxin immunoassay in the serum sample from a patient administered digitoxin rather than digoxin. The sample, mistakenly sent to the laboratory for digoxin analysis, gave discordant results in three digoxin immunoassays: 1.99 and 0.79 ng/ml in assays using polyclonal antibodies (fluorescence-polarization immunoassay and microparticle enzyme immunoassay, respectively), and <0.1 ng/ml in a chemiluminescent immunoassay using more specific monoclonal antibody. The presence of digitoxin (approximately 40 ng/ml) in the sample was confirmed by three different digitoxin immunoassays. Based on these results, the interference of different levels of digitoxin was studied in the presence of 0, 0.85, 1.9, and 4.7 ng/ml digoxin in all three digoxin assays. The chemiluminescent assay showed no significant interference. The fluorescence-polarization immunoassay showed positive interference in all cases; however, the microparticle enzyme immunoassay showed a bidirectional interference: a positive interference observed at digoxin level <1.8 ng/ml, changing to a negative interference at higher digoxin concentrations. The authors conclude that in countries such as Germany, where both digoxin and digitoxin may be prescribed, caution should be used to interpret digoxin immunoassay results. Digoxin assays, with cross-reactivity to digitoxin <0.1% should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Datta
- Chiron Diagnostics, East Walpole, Massachusetts 02032, USA
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