1
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Masoumi N, Ghaffari M, Asgari MA, Dadpour M. Comparison of the Charlson comorbidity index, the modified Charlson comorbidity index, and the recipient risk score in prediction of the graft and patient survival among renal graft recipients: historical cohort in a single center. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2447-2456. [PMID: 37368085 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the predictive values of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), modified Charlson comorbidity index kidney transplant (mCCI-KT) and recipient risk score (RRS) indices in prediction of patient and graft survival in kidney transplant patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, all patients who underwent a live-donor KT from 2006 to 2010, were included. Demographic data, comorbidities and survival time after KT were extracted and the association between above indices with patient and graft survival were compared. RESULTS In ROC curve analysis of 715 included patients, all three indicators were weak in predicting graft rejection with the area under curve (AUC) less than 0.6. The best models for predicting the overall survival were mCCI-KT and CCI with AUC of 0.827 and 0.780, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of mCCI-KT at cut point of 1 were 87.2 and 75.6. Sensitivity and specificity of CCI at cut point of 3 were 84.6 and 68.3 and for RRS at cut point of 3 were 51.3 and 81.2, respectively. CONCLUSION The mCCI-KT index followed by the CCI index provided the best model in predicting the 10-year patient survival; however, they were poor in predicting graft survival and this model can be used for better stratifying transplant candidates prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Masoumi
- Department of Urology, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majed Ghaffari
- Urology-Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ali Asgari
- Urology-Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadpour
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 9th Boostan, Pasdaran Avenue, Tehran, 1666663111, Iran.
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2
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Ducousso H, Vallée M, Kerforne T, Castilla I, Duthe F, Saulnier PJ, Ragot S, Thierry A. Paving the Way for Personalized Medicine in First Kidney Transplantation: Interest of a Creatininemia Latent Class Analysis in Early Post-transplantation. Transpl Int 2023; 36:10685. [PMID: 36873744 PMCID: PMC9977818 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.10685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma creatinine is a marker of interest in renal transplantation but data on its kinetics in the first days following transplantation are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify clinically relevant subgroups of creatinine trajectories following renal transplantation and to test their association with graft outcome. Among 496 patients with a first kidney transplant included in the French ASTRE cohort at the Poitiers University hospital, 435 patients from donation after brain death were considered in a latent class modeling. Four distinct classes of creatinine trajectories were identified: "poor recovery" (6% of patients), "intermediate recovery" (47%), "good recovery" (10%) and "optimal recovery" (37%). Cold ischemia time was significantly lower in the "optimal recovery" class. Delayed graft function was more frequent and the number of hemodialysis sessions was higher in the "poor recovery" class. Incidence of graft loss was significantly lower in "optimal recovery" patients with an adjusted risk of graft loss 2.42 and 4.06 times higher in "intermediate recovery" and "poor recovery" patients, respectively. Our study highlights substantial heterogeneity in creatinine trajectories following renal transplantation that may help to identify patients who are more likely to experience a graft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Ducousso
- Department of Urology, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Maxime Vallée
- Department of Urology, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Thomas Kerforne
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Ines Castilla
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1402, Poitiers University, Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Fabien Duthe
- Department of Urology, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Saulnier
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1402, Poitiers University, Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1402, Poitiers University, Institut National de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Antoine Thierry
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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3
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Lin J, Chen Y, Zhu H, Cheng K, Wang H, Yu X, Tang M, Chen J. Lymphatic Reconstruction in Kidney Allograft Aggravates Chronic Rejection by Promoting Alloantigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:796260. [PMID: 34956231 PMCID: PMC8695730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rejection of the renal allograft remains a major cause of graft loss. Here, we demonstrated that the remodeling of lymphatic vessels (LVs) after their broken during transplantation contributes to the antigen presenting and lymph nodes activating. Our studies observed a rebuilt of interrupted lymph draining one week after mouse kidney transplantation, involving preexisting lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from both the donor and recipient. These expanding LVs also release C-C chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and recruit CCR7+ cells, mainly dendritic cells (DCs), toward lymph nodes and spleen, evoking the adaptive response. This rejection could be relieved by LYVE-1 specific LVs knockout or CCR7 migration inhibition in mouse model. Moreover, in retrospective analysis, posttransplant patients exhibiting higher area density of LVs presented with lower eGFR, severe serum creatinine and proteinuria, and greater interstitial fibrosis. These results reveal a rebuilt pathway for alloantigen trafficking and lymphocytes activation, providing strategies to alleviate chronic transplantation rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianping Yu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Tang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianghua Chen,
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4
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Piemonti L, Sordi V, Pellegrini S, Scotti GM, Scavini M, Sioli V, Gianelli Castiglione A, Cardillo M. Circulating CXCL10 and IL-6 in solid organ donors after brain death predict graft outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6624. [PMID: 33758270 PMCID: PMC7988181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that circulating CXCL10 and IL-6 in donor after brain death provide independent additional predictors of graft outcome. From January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2012 all donors after brain death managed by the NITp (n = 1100) were prospectively included in this study. CXCL10 and IL-6 were measured on serum collected for the crossmatch at the beginning of the observation period. Graft outcome in recipients who received kidney (n = 1325, follow-up 4.9 years), liver (n = 815, follow-up 4.3 years) and heart (n = 272, follow-up 5 years) was evaluated. Both CXCL-10 and IL-6 showed increased concentration in donors after brain death. The intensive care unit stay, the hemodynamic instability, the cause of death, the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the presence of ongoing infection resulted as significant determinants of IL-6 and CXCL10 donor concentrations. Both cytokines resulted as independent predictors of Immediate Graft Function. Donor IL-6 or CXCL10 were associated with graft failure after liver transplant, and acted as predictors of recipient survival after kidney, liver and heart transplantation. Serum donor IL-6 and CXCL10 concentration can provide independent incremental prediction of graft outcome among recipients followed according to standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Scotti
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Scavini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Sioli
- Transplant Coordination Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Cardillo
- Transplant Coordination Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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5
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Yang JYC, Sarwal RD, Sigdel TK, Damm I, Rosenbaum B, Liberto JM, Chan-On C, Arreola-Guerra JM, Alberu J, Vincenti F, Sarwal MM. A urine score for noninvasive accurate diagnosis and prediction of kidney transplant rejection. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaba2501. [PMID: 32188722 PMCID: PMC8289390 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and noninvasive monitoring of renal allograft posttransplant is essential for early detection of acute rejection (AR) and to affect the long-term survival of the transplant. We present the development and validation of a noninvasive, spot urine-based diagnostic assay based on measurements of six urinary DNA, protein, and metabolic biomarkers. The performance of this assay for detecting kidney injury in both native kidneys and renal allografts is presented on a cohort of 601 distinct urine samples. The urinary composite score enables diagnosis of AR, with a receiver-operator characteristic curve area under the curve of 0.99 and an accuracy of 96%. In addition, we demonstrate the clinical utility of this assay for predicting AR before a rise in the serum creatinine, enabling earlier detection of rejection than currently possible by standard of care tests. This noninvasive, sensitive, and quantitative approach is a robust and informative method for the rapid and routine monitoring of renal allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Y C Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Reuben D Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tara K Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ben Rosenbaum
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Juliane M Liberto
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chitranon Chan-On
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - José M Arreola-Guerra
- Department of Surgery, University of Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Ciudad de México, CDMX 14080, Mexico
| | - Josefina Alberu
- Department of Surgery, University of Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Ciudad de México, CDMX 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Flavio Vincenti
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Minnie M Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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6
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Howard MC, Nauser CL, Farrar CA, Wallis R, Sacks SH. l-Fucose prevention of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in Mice. FASEB J 2019; 34:822-834. [PMID: 31914693 PMCID: PMC6972607 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901582r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, we identified a fucosylated damage‐associated ligand exposed by ischemia on renal tubule epithelial cells, which after recognition by collectin‐11 (CL‐11 or collectin kidney 1 (CL‐K1)), initiates complement activation and acute kidney injury. We exploited the ability to increase the local tissue concentration of free l‐fucose following systemic administration, in order to block ligand binding by local CL‐11 and prevent complement activation. We achieved a thirty‐five‐fold increase in the intrarenal concentration of l‐fucose following an IP bolus given before the ischemia induction procedure ‐ a concentration found to significantly block in vitro binding of CL‐11 on hypoxia‐stressed renal tubule cells. At this l‐fucose dose, complement activation and acute post‐ischemic kidney injury are prevented, with additional protection achieved by a second bolus after the induction procedure. CL‐11−/− mice gained no additional protection from l‐fucose administration, indicating that the mechanism of l‐fucose therapy was largely CL‐11‐dependent. The hypothesis is that a high dose of l‐fucose delivered to the kidney obstructs the carbohydrate recognition site on CL‐11 thereby reducing complement‐mediated damage following ischemic insult. Further work will examine the utility in preventing post‐ischemic injury during renal transplantation, where acute kidney injury is known to correlate with poor graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Howard
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher L Nauser
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Science and Infection, University of Leicester, London, UK
| | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Zhang W, Yi Z, Keung KL, Shang H, Wei C, Cravedi P, Sun Z, Xi C, Woytovich C, Farouk S, Huang W, Banu K, Gallon L, Magee CN, Najafian N, Samaniego M, Djamali A, Alexander SI, Rosales IA, Smith RN, Xiang J, Lerut E, Kuypers D, Naesens M, O'Connell PJ, Colvin R, Menon MC, Murphy B. A Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Signature to Diagnose Subclinical Acute Rejection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1481-1494. [PMID: 31278196 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplant recipients, surveillance biopsies can reveal, despite stable graft function, histologic features of acute rejection and borderline changes that are associated with undesirable graft outcomes. Noninvasive biomarkers of subclinical acute rejection are needed to avoid the risks and costs associated with repeated biopsies. METHODS We examined subclinical histologic and functional changes in kidney transplant recipients from the prospective Genomics of Chronic Allograft Rejection (GoCAR) study who underwent surveillance biopsies over 2 years, identifying those with subclinical or borderline acute cellular rejection (ACR) at 3 months (ACR-3) post-transplant. We performed RNA sequencing on whole blood collected from 88 individuals at the time of 3-month surveillance biopsy to identify transcripts associated with ACR-3, developed a novel sequencing-based targeted expression assay, and validated this gene signature in an independent cohort. RESULTS Study participants with ACR-3 had significantly higher risk than those without ACR-3 of subsequent clinical acute rejection at 12 and 24 months, faster decline in graft function, and decreased graft survival in adjusted Cox analysis. We identified a 17-gene signature in peripheral blood that accurately diagnosed ACR-3, and validated it using microarray expression profiles of blood samples from 65 transplant recipients in the GoCAR cohort and three public microarray datasets. In an independent cohort of 110 transplant recipients, tests of the targeted expression assay on the basis of the 17-gene set showed that it identified individuals at higher risk of ongoing acute rejection and future graft loss. CONCLUSIONS Our targeted expression assay enabled noninvasive diagnosis of subclinical acute rejection and inflammation in the graft and may represent a useful tool to risk-stratify kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Karen L Keung
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huimin Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Caixia Xi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Woytovich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Samira Farouk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Khadija Banu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Gallon
- Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ciara N Magee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nader Najafian
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Milagros Samaniego
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rex Neal Smith
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madhav C Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;
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8
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Lim SW, Shin YJ, Luo K, Quan Y, Ko EJ, Chung BH, Yang CW. Host cell in vivo production of the synthetic drug anti-CD25/IL-10 using minicircle vector. FASEB J 2019; 33:10889-10901. [PMID: 31266358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900833r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biologic drugs are highly successful for induction therapy in transplantation, but the development of novel biologics is limited because of the high cost of synthesis and purification. In this study, we developed a novel strategy for the production of synthetic protein drugs in vivo by the host itself. We utilized minicircle (MC) technology, which can robustly express a target molecule and secrete it from cells, as an indirect method to produce a protein of interest in vivo. We designed an MC vector containing the sequences of basiliximab (anti-CD25 mAb) and IL-10. We verified the substantial production of the anti-CD25/IL-10 protein from the MC in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of MC-derived anti-CD25/IL-10 was evaluated in a skin allograft mouse model by single intravenous infusion. Mice treated with the MC encoding anti-CD25/IL-10 exhibited prolonged skin allograft survival times accompanied by improved histologic changes and immunologic regulation. These findings indicate that the anti-CD25/IL-10 protein drug obtained by MC technology is functionally active and relevant for reducing allograft rejection. This self-reproducible strategy for synthetic protein drugs using MCs is a promising tool for transplantation.-Lim, S. W., Shin, Y. J., Luo, K., Quan, Y., Ko, E. J., Chung, B. H., Yang, C. W. Host cell in vivo production of the synthetic drug anti-CD25/IL-10 using minicircle vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Lim
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Shin
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang Luo
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi Quan
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Ko
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Transplant Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Khan MA, Shamma T. Complement factor and T-cell interactions during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:681-694. [PMID: 30536904 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0718-288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement factor and T-cell signaling during an effective alloimmune response plays a key role in transplant-associated injury, which leads to the progression of chronic rejection (CR). During an alloimmune response, activated complement factors (C3a and C5a) bind to their corresponding receptors (C3aR and C5aR) on a number of lymphocytes, including T-regulatory cells (Tregs), and these cell-molecular interactions have been vital to modulate an effective immune response to/from Th1-effector cell and Treg activities, which result in massive inflammation, microvascular impairments, and fibrotic remodeling. Involvement of the complement-mediated cell signaling during transplantation signifies a crucial role of complement components as a key therapeutic switch to regulate ongoing inflammatory state, and further to avoid the progression of CR of the transplanted organ. This review highlights the role of complement-T cell interactions, and how these interactions shunt the effector immune response during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation, which could be a novel therapeutic tool to protect a transplanted organ and avoid progression of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Lee YJ, Park BS, Park S, Park KM, Park JH, Kim IH, Kim YW. Basiliximab-Induced Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in a Kidney Transplant Patient. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2018. [DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2018.32.3.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sihyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Il Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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11
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Mehta R, Bhusal S, Randhawa P, Sood P, Cherukuri A, Wu C, Puttarajappa C, Hoffman W, Shah N, Mangiola M, Zeevi A, Tevar AD, Hariharan S. Short-term adverse effects of early subclinical allograft inflammation in kidney transplant recipients with a rapid steroid withdrawal protocol. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1710-1717. [PMID: 29247472 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The impact of subclinical inflammation (SCI) noted on early kidney allograft biopsies remains unclear. This study evaluated the outcome of SCI noted on 3-month biopsy. A total of 273/363 (75%) kidney transplant recipients with a functioning kidney underwent allograft biopsies 3-months posttransplant. Among those with stable allograft function at 3 months, 200 biopsies that did not meet the Banff criteria for acute rejection were identified. These were Group I: No Inflammation (NI, n = 71) and Group II: Subclinical Inflammation (SCI, n = 129). We evaluated differences in kidney function at 24-months and allograft histology score at 12-month biopsy. SCI patients had a higher serum creatinine (1.6 ± 0.7 vs 1.38 ± 0.45; P = .02) at 24-months posttransplant, and at last follow-up at a mean of 42.5 months (1.69 ± 0.9 vs 1.46 ± 0.5 mg/dL; P = .027). The allograft chronicity score (ci + ct + cg + cv) at 12-months posttransplant was higher in the SCI group (2.4 ± 1.35 vs 1.9 ± 1.2; P = .02). The incidence of subsequent rejections within the first year in SCI and NI groups was 24% vs 10%, respectively (P = .015). De novo donor-specific antibody within 12 months was more prevalent in the SCI group (12/129 vs 1/71, P = .03). SCI is likely not a benign finding and may have long-term implications for kidney allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajil Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sushma Bhusal
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Parmjeet Randhawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Puneet Sood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aravind Cherukuri
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christine Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chethan Puttarajappa
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Massimo Mangiola
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriana Zeevi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amit D Tevar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sundaram Hariharan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Santos AH, Casey MJ, Womer KL. Analysis of Risk Factors for Kidney Retransplant Outcomes Associated with Common Induction Regimens: A Study of over Twelve-Thousand Cases in the United States. J Transplant 2017; 2017:8132672. [PMID: 29312783 PMCID: PMC5632904 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8132672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied registry data of 12,944 adult kidney retransplant recipients categorized by induction regimen received into antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (N = 9120), alemtuzumab (N = 1687), and basiliximab (N = 2137) cohorts. We analyzed risk factors for 1-year acute rejection (AR) and 5-year death-censored graft loss (DCGL) and patient death. Compared with the reference, basiliximab: (1) one-year AR risk was lower with ATG in retransplant recipients of expanded criteria deceased-donor kidneys (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.91 and HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27-1.08, resp.), while AR risk was lower with alemtuzumab in retransplant recipients with >3 HLA mismatches before transplant (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.44-0.93 and HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.63-1.06, resp.); (2) five-year DCGL risk was lower with alemtuzumab, not ATG, in retransplant recipients of African American race (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34-0.86 and HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.51-1.04, resp.) or with pretransplant glomerulonephritis (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43-0.98 and HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.60-1.12, resp.). Therefore, specific risk factor-induction regimen combinations may predict outcomes and this information may help in individualizing induction in retransplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso H. Santos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael J. Casey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karl L. Womer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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13
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The Privilege of Induction Avoidance and Calcineurin Inhibitors Withdrawal in 2 Haplotype HLA Matched White Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2017; 3:e133. [PMID: 28361117 PMCID: PMC5367750 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background White recipients of 2-haplotype HLA-matched living kidney transplants are perceived to be of low immunologic risk. Little is known about the safety of induction avoidance and calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal in these patients. Methods We reviewed our experience at a single center and compared it to Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) registry data and only included 2-haplotype HLA-matched white living kidney transplants recipients between 2000 and 2013. Results There were 56 recipients in a single center (where no induction was given) and 2976 recipients in the OPTN. Among the OPTN recipients, 1285 received no induction, 903 basiliximab, 608 thymoglobulin, and 180 alemtuzumab. First-year acute rejection rates were similar after induction-free transplantation among the center and induced groups nationally. Compared with induction-free transplantation in the national data, there was no decrease in graft failure risk over 13 years with use of basiliximab (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.86; confidence interval [CI], 0.68-1.08), Thymoglobulin (aHR, 0.92; CI, 0.7-1.21) or alemtuzumab (aHR, 1.18; CI, 0.72-1.93). Among induction-free recipients at the center, calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal at 1 year (n = 27) did not significantly impact graft failure risk (HR,1.62; CI, 0.38-6.89). Conclusions This study may serve as a foundation for further studies to provide personalized, tailored, immunosuppression for this very low-risk population of kidney transplant patients.
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14
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Rekers NV, de Fijter J, Claas FH, Eikmans M. Mechanisms and risk assessment of steroid resistance in acute kidney transplant rejection. Transpl Immunol 2016; 38:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Pugliese O, Quintieri F, Mattucci DA, Venettoni S, Taioli E, Costa AN. Kidney Graft Survival in Italy and Factors Influencing it. Prog Transplant 2016; 15:385-91. [PMID: 16477822 DOI: 10.1177/152692480501500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose National registry data are often a suitable basis for examination of transplant outcomes. Using data supplied by the Italian National Transplant Registry, established in 1995, we performed the first nationwide analysis of this kind. Methods A retrospective analysis of 4893 recipients of cadaveric kidneys transplanted in all Italian centers from 1995 through 2000 was done to study 5-year graft survival. The association between some donor and recipient variables and outcomes in renal transplantation was analyzed. Graft survival was 93% at 3 months, 89% at 1 year, 82% at 3 years, and 80% at 5 years after transplantation. Results A significant association between graft survival and donor age (old vs young, relative risk [RR] = 1.62, 95% CI 1.27–2.06) and recipient age (old vs young, RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.53). Graft survival was also associated with cold ischemia time (24–36 hours, RR=1.39, 95% CI 1.05–1.85 and >36 hours, RR=1.94, 95% CI 1.32–2.86 vs 0–24 hours) and donor/recipient sex mismatch (female/male vs male/male, RR=1.50, 95% CI 1.17–1.93). Conclusion The quality of kidney transplantation in Italy is satisfactory and is comparable to that in other developed countries. Furthermore, our experience confirms that both donor and recipient factors are major determinants of renal allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Pugliese
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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16
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Florit EA, Diekmann F, Budde K, Glander P, Liefeldt L, Nistal J, Oppenheimer F, Campistol JM, Brakemeier S. Living Donor Transplantation: Long-Term Evolution Related to Age Matching. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:2346-50. [PMID: 26518923 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lack of donors is favoring living kidney donor (LKD) transplantation worldwide, quite often beyond the classic age-matching rules. We analysed renal function (RF) at 1 and 5 years in all donor and recipients as well as death-censored graft and patient survival. LKD recipients were divided into 4 subgroups: young recipients-young donors (YR-YD; N = 355), elderly recipients-young donors (ER-YD; N = 13), young recipients-elderly donors (YR-ED; N = 67), and elderly recipients-elderly donors (ER-ED; N = 38). "Elderly" was defined as ≥60 years. RF was better in those who received a young allograft (YR-YD/ER-YD) at any time (P < .001). There was a trend toward higher proteinuria among the recipients of an old allograft (YR-ED/ER-ED) at any time (P = not significant [NS]). However, our population showed low levels of proteinuria and this was not a risk factor for graft failure. Logistic regression model showed that creatinine level at 1 year is a good predictor of graft losses. Graft survival was worse in the allografts from elderly donors (P < .001). Analysing the young recipients, renal survival was inferior in those who received an old kidney (YR-ED; P < .00005) as well as mortality rates at 14 years (P = .03). The RF of young (N = 295) and elderly donors (N = 98) was optimal with no progression to ESRD or deaths registered during follow-up. In conclusion, young recipients of elderly kidneys pay the price of a worse RF, allograft prognosis, and patient prognosis. The pair YR-ED is a doable option, but we recommend age matching when it is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Florit
- Servicio de Nefrología - Clinical Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Diekmann
- Servicio de Nefrología - Clinical Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - K Budde
- Nephrologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Glander
- Nephrologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Liefeldt
- Nephrologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Nistal
- Servicio de Nefrología - Clinical Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Oppenheimer
- Servicio de Nefrología - Clinical Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Campistol
- Servicio de Nefrología - Clinical Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Brakemeier
- Nephrologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Zhao YG, Shi BY, Qian YY, Bai HW, Xiao L, He XY. Clinical significance of monitoring serum level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in patients with acute kidney allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:319-22. [PMID: 25769566 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the clinical significance of dynamically monitoring the serum level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) before and after renal transplantation. Before transplantation and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 days after transplantation, the peripheral blood was collected from 102 renal transplant recipients, including 8 with acute rejection (ARs) and 94 non-ARs. The serum MMP-9 level was detected by Luminex 200 analyzer (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA). By day 3 post-transplantation, the serum MMP-9 level in non-ARs had significantly reduced as compared to the pretransplantation level, and reached the lowest value on day 20 post-transplantation. In contrast, the serum MMP-9 level in ARs had significantly increased by day 3, reached the highest value on day 7, and remained significantly higher on day 20 as compared to the pretransplantation level. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the power of serum MMP-9 level on day 20 post-transplantation to differentiate the non-AR and AR groups. Our data revealed that with a threshold of 8473.26 pg/mL, the area under the curve was 0.758 (0.661, 0.856); the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic were 78.40% and 61.30%, respectively; the positive and the negative predictive values were 74.60% and 66.67%, respectively; and the accuracy rate was up to 71.57%. Taken together, the results indicated that dynamically monitoring serum MMP-9 levels in renal allograft recipients might be a convenient and safe method to diagnose ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-G Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - B-Y Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
| | - Y-Y Qian
- Institute of Organ Transplantation of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - H-W Bai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - L Xiao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - X-Y He
- Institute of Organ Transplantation of People's Liberation Army, 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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18
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Serum MicroRNA-99a Helps Detect Acute Rejection in Renal Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:1683-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Daw J. Explaining the Persistence of Health Disparities: Social Stratification and the Efficiency-Equity Trade-off in the Kidney Transplantation System. AJS; AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2015; 120:1595-1640. [PMID: 26478940 DOI: 10.1086/681961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Why do health disparities persist when their previous mechanisms are eliminated? Fundamental-cause theorists argue that social position primarily improves health through two metamechanisms: better access to health information and technology. I argue that the general, cumulative, and embodied consequences of social stratification can produce another metamechanism: an efficiency-equity trade-off. A case in point is kidney transplantation, where the mechanisms previously thought to link race to outcomes--ability to pay and certain factors in the kidney allocation system--have been greatly reduced, yet large disparities persist. I show that these current disparities are rooted in factors that directly influence posttransplant success, placing efficiency and racial/ethnic equity at cross-purposes.
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20
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Elbadri A, Traynor C, Veitch JT, O'Kelly P, Magee C, Denton M, O'Sheaghdha C, Conlon PJ. Factors affecting eGFR 5-year post-deceased donor renal transplant: analysis and predictive model. Ren Fail 2015; 37:417-23. [PMID: 25585951 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.1001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Long-term survival of renal allografts has improved over the last 20 years. However, less is known about current expectations for long-term allograft function as determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The aim of this study was to investigate factors which affect graft function at 5 years' post-renal transplantation. The statistically significant factors were then used to construct a predictive model for expected eGFR at five years' post-transplant. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all adult patients who received a renal transplant in the Republic of Ireland between 1990 and 2004. Data collected included era of transplantation (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004), donor and recipient age and gender, number of human leucocyte antigen mismatches, cold ischemia time (CIT), number of prior renal transplants, immunosuppressive regimen used and acute rejection episodes. Estimated GFR was calculated at 5 years after transplantation from patient data using the Modified Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Consecutive sampling was used to divide the study population into two equal unbiased groups of 489 patients. The first group (derivation cohort) was used to construct a predictive model for eGFR five years' post-transplantation, the second (validation cohort) to test this model. RESULTS Nine hundred and seventy eight patients were analyzed. The median age at transplantation was 43 years (range 18-78) and 620 (63.4%) were male. One hundred and seventy five patients (17.9%) had received a prior renal transplant. Improved eGFR at five years' post-transplantation was associated with tacrolimus-based combination immunosuppression, younger donor age, male recipient, absence of cytomegalovirus disease and absence of acute rejection episodes as independently significant factors (p < 0.05). The predictive model developed using these factors showed good correlation between predicted and actual median eGFR at five years. The model explained 20% of eGFR variability. The validation model findings were consistent with the derivation model (21% variability of eGFR explained by model using same covariates on new data). CONCLUSION The predictive model we have developed shows good correlation between predicted and actual median eGFR at five years' post-transplant. Applications of this model include comparison of current and future therapy options such as new immunosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Elbadri
- Department of Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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21
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Shokeir AA, Barakat N, Hussein AM, Awadalla A, Harraz AM, Khater S, Hemmaid K, Kamal AI. Activation of Nrf2 by ischemic preconditioning and sulforaphane in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury: a comparative experimental study. Physiol Res 2014; 64:313-23. [PMID: 25536319 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives of the study were to investigate impact of ischemic preconditioning (Ipre) and sulforaphane (SFN) and combination of them on nuclear factor 2 erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene and its dependent genes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO-1) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL1beta, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and caspase-3 in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ninety male Sprague Dawely rats were classified into 5 groups (each consists of 18 rats): sham, control, Ipre, sulforaphane and Sulfo+Ipre. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups each containing 6 rats according to time of harvesting kidney and taking blood samples; 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days subgroups. Renal functions including serum creatinine, BUN were measured at basal conditions and by the end of experiment. Expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and ICAM-1 was measured by real time PCR in kidney tissues by the end of experiment. Also, immunohistochemical localization of caspase-3 and chemical assay of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH and SOD activity were measured in kidney tissues. Both Ipre and SFN improved kidney functions, enhanced the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1, attenuated the expression of inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1, and ICAM-1) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. However, the effect of sulforaphane was more powerful than Ipre. Also, a combination of them caused more improvement in antioxidant genes expression and more attenuation in inflammatory genes but not caspase-3 than each one did separately. Sulforaphane showed more powerful effect in renoprotection against I/R injury than Ipre as well as there might be a synergism between them at the molecular but not at the function level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shokeir
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. ;
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22
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Graft failure due to noncompliance among 628 kidney transplant recipients with long-term follow-up: a single-center observational study. Transplantation 2014; 97:925-33. [PMID: 24445926 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000438199.76531.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adult kidney transplantation, there is no clear consensus on the incidence of graft failure-due-to noncompliance (GFNC), with some reporting it as relatively uncommon and others as a major cause of late graft failure. We suspected that GFNC was a major cause of late graft loss at our center but did not know the extent of this problem. METHODS In our prospectively followed cohort of 628 adult, primary kidney-alone transplant recipients with long-term follow-up, GFNC and other graft loss causes were determined from our ongoing clinical evaluations. Using competing risks methodology, we determined the overall percentage of patients developing GFNC and the significant prognostic factors for its hazard rate and cumulative incidence (via Cox regression). RESULTS Cumulative incidence estimates (± standard error) of GFNC (n=29), GF-with-compliance (n=46), receiving a never-functioning graft (n=7), and death-with-a-functioning-graft (n=53) at 101 months after transplant (last-observed-graft loss) were as follows: 9.8%± 2.4%, 10.9%± 1.7%, 1.1%± 0.4%, and 13.0%± 1.9%, respectively. Only three patients experienced GFNC during the first 24 months; GFNC represented 48.1% (26/54) of death-censored GFs beyond 24 months. Two baseline variables were jointly associated with a significantly higher GFNC hazard and cumulative incidence: younger recipient age (P<0.000001 each) and non-white recipient (P=0.004 and P=0.02). Estimated percentages of ever developing GFNC were 28.4%± 6.5% among 79 non-whites younger than 35 years versus 0.0% (0/144) among whites 50 years or older. Among 302 recipients younger than 50 years, 18.1%± 4.1% developed GFNC, representing 67.6% (25/37) of its death-censored graft failures observed beyond 24 months after transplant. CONCLUSIONS GFNC is a major cause of late GF at our center, with younger and non-white recipients at a significantly greater GFNC risk. Interventional approaches to eliminate GFNC could dramatically improve long-term kidney graft survival.
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23
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Chen PD, Tsai MK, Lee CY, Yang CY, Hu RH, Lee PH, Lai HS. Gender differences in renal transplant graft survival. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 112:783-8. [PMID: 24246256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE A long-term retrospective study was conducted to assess the risk factors of renal transplant graft failure focusing on the effects of gender of both the donor and the recipient. METHODS Medical records of primary renal transplantation performed in a single transplant hospital were reviewed. Cases of ABO incompatibility, positive cross-matches, or multiple organ transplants were excluded. A total of 766 patient records were reviewed, and variables were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression to determine the independent factors associated with graft survival. RESULTS The overall 5-year graft and patient survival rates were 84.7% and 92.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significantly poorer prognosis in male patients and in those with acute rejection, delayed function, or more mismatches in human lymphocyte antigens. Multivariate analysis with step-wise regression identified three independent prognostic factors for poor graft survival (male gender, acute rejection, and delayed function). The 5-year graft survival rates for female and male patients were 87.9% and 81.3%, respectively. The risk ratio of graft failure for male renal transplant recipients was 1.3732, when compared with that for female patients. The risk ratios for those with acute rejection and delayed function were 1.8330 and 1.5422, respectively. CONCLUSION Male gender, in addition to acute rejection and delayed function, was found to be an independent prognostic factor for poor renal transplant survival in this long-term retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Da Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Kun Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rey-Heng Hu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Grosso G, Corona D, Mistretta A, Zerbo D, Sinagra N, Giaquinta A, Cimino S, Ekser B, Giuffrida G, Leonardi A, Gula R, Veroux P, Veroux M. Delayed graft function and long-term outcome in kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 44:1879-83. [PMID: 22974861 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still many controversies about the impact of delayed graft function (DGF) on kidney transplantation outcome. The aims of this study were to define factors associated with DGF and to ascertain the relative impact of DGF on kidney transplantation outcome, both in the early postoperative period and in long-term follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four hundred kidney transplant recipients were reviewed to assess the clinical impact of DGF on long-term outcome. RESULTS The overall prevalence of DGF was 24.3%. DGF was significantly associated with increasing recipient and donor age, duration of dialysis, and cold ischemia time. Patients with DGF displayed a significantly worse graft (P = .005) and patient (P < .001) survival compared with recipients with immediate function. CONCLUSION DGF is a frequent complication of renal transplantation and may be associated with a reduced graft and even patient survival. Strategies to prevent graft injury and, more specifically, DGF may be an important clue to provide a better long-term outcome in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grosso
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, section of Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Kolofousi C, Stefanidis K, Cokkinos DD, Karakitsos D, Antypa E, Piperopoulos P. Ultrasonographic features of kidney transplants and their complications: an imaging review. ISRN RADIOLOGY 2012; 2013:480862. [PMID: 24967275 PMCID: PMC4045518 DOI: 10.5402/2013/480862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for managing patients with end-stage kidney disease. Being submitted to a very serious surgical procedure, renal transplant recipients can only benefit from follow-up imaging and monitoring strategies. Ultrasound is considered as the principal imaging test in the evaluation of renal transplants. It is an easily applied bedside examination that can detect possible complications and guide further imaging or intervention. In this imaging review, we present essential information regarding the sonographic features of healthy renal transplants, detailing the surgical technique and how it affects the sonoanatomy. We focus on various complications that occur following renal transplantation and their sonographic features by reviewing pertinent literature sources and our own extensive imaging archives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eleni Antypa
- Radiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
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DR(high+)CD45RA(-)-Tregs potentially affect the suppressive activity of the total Treg pool in renal transplant patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34208. [PMID: 22470536 PMCID: PMC3314602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in tolerance induction after organ transplantation. In order to examine whether there are differences in the composition of the total CD4+CD127low+/−FoxP3+- Treg cell pool between stable transplant patients and patients with biopsy proven rejection (BPR), we compared the percentages and the functional activity of the different Treg cell subsets (DRhigh+CD45RA−-Tregs, DRlow+CD45RA−-Tregs, DR−CD45RA−-Tregs, DR−CD45RA+-Tregs). All parameters were determined during the three different periods of time after transplantation (0–30 days, 31–1,000 days, >1,000 days). Among 156 transplant patients, 37 patients suffered from BPR. The most prominent differences between rejecting and non-rejecting patients were observed regarding the DRhigh+CD45RA−-Treg cell subset. Our data demonstrate that the suppressive activity of the total Treg pool strongly depends on the presence of these Treg cells. Their percentage within the total Treg pool strongly decreased after transplantation and remained relatively low during the first year after transplantation in all patients. Subsequently, the proportion of this Treg subset increased again in patients who accepted the transplant and reached a value of healthy non-transplanted subjects. By contrast, in patients with acute kidney rejection, the DRhigh+CD45RA−-Treg subset disappeared excessively, causing a reduction in the suppressive activity of the total Treg pool. Therefore, both the monitoring of its percentage within the total Treg pool and the monitoring of the HLA-DR MFI of the DR+CD45RA−-Treg subset may be useful tools for the prediction of graft rejection.
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Damman J, Daha MR, Leuvenink HG, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Dijk MCV, Hepkema BG, Snieder H, Born JVD, de Borst MH, Bakker SJ, Navis GJ, Ploeg RJ, Seelen MA. Association of complement C3 gene variants with renal transplant outcome of deceased cardiac dead donor kidneys. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:660-8. [PMID: 22176838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Local renal complement activation by the donor kidney plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal injury inherent to kidney transplantation. Contradictory results were reported about the protective effects of the donor C3F allotype on renal allograft outcome. We investigated the influence of the donor C3F allotype on renal transplant outcome, taking all different donor types into account. C3 allotypes of 1265 donor-recipient pairs were determined and divided into four genotypic groups according to the C3F allotype of the donor and the recipient. The four genotypic groups were analyzed for association with primary nonfunction (PNF), delayed graft function, acute rejection, death-censored graft survival and patient survival. Considering all donor types, multivariable analysis found no association of the donor C3F allotype with renal allograft outcome. Also, for living and deceased brain-dead donors, no association with allograft outcome was found. Post hoc subgroup analysis within deceased cardiac dead (DCD) donors revealed an independent protective association of donor C3F allotype with PNF. This study shows that the donor C3F allotype is not associated with renal allograft outcome after kidney transplantation. Subgroup analysis within DCD donors revealed an independent protective association of the donor C3F allotype with PNF, which is preliminary and warrants further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Damman
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Analysis of Transplant Outcomes After Five or Six Human Leukocyte Antigen-Mismatched Living Donor Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:273-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kujawa-Szewieczek A, Kolonko A, Kocierz M, Szotowska M, Trusolt W, Karkoszka H, Gumprecht J, Chudek J, Więcek A. Association Between Gene Polymorphisms of the Components of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron System, Graft Function, and the Prevalence of Hypertension, Anemia, and Erythrocytosis After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2957-63. [PMID: 21996200 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Impact of acute rejection on kidney allograft outcomes in recipients on rapid steroid withdrawal. J Transplant 2011; 2011:583981. [PMID: 21647349 PMCID: PMC3103882 DOI: 10.1155/2011/583981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Our aim was to study the impact of clinical acute rejection (CR) and subclinical rejection (SR) on outcomes in kidney transplant recipients treated with rapid steroid withdrawal (RSW).
Methods. All patients who received a living or deceased donor kidney transplant and were treated with RSW were included. The primary outcome was death-censored graft survival. Biopsies with Banff borderline changes were included with the rejection groups.
Results. 457 kidney transplant recipients treated with RSW were included; 46 (10%) experienced SR, and 36 (7.8%) had CR. Mean HLA mismatch was significantly higher in the CR group. The Banff grade of rejection was higher in the CR group. There was a larger proportion of patients in both rejection groups with the combination of IFTA and persistent inflammation on the follow-up protocol biopsy done at 1 year. The estimated 5-year death-censored graft survival was 81% in SR, 78% in CR, and 97% in the control group (P < .0001). Significant differences were observed in allograft survival between the CR and control group (HR 9.06, 95% CI 3.39–24.2) and between the SR and control group (HR 4.22, 95% CI 1.30–13.7).
Conclusion. Both SR and CR are associated with an inferior graft survival in recipients on RSW.
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Martin ST, Tichy EM, Gabardi S. Belatacept: A Novel Biologic for Maintenance Immunosuppression After Renal Transplantation. Pharmacotherapy 2011; 31:394-407. [DOI: 10.1592/phco.31.4.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Damman J, Daha MR, van Son WJ, Leuvenink HG, Ploeg RJ, Seelen MA. Crosstalk between complement and Toll-like receptor activation in relation to donor brain death and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:660-9. [PMID: 21446970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two central pathways of innate immunity, complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal injury inherent to kidney transplantation. Recent findings indicate close crosstalk between complement and TLR signaling pathways. It is suggested that mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) might be the key molecules linking both the complement and TLR pathways together. Complement and TLRs are important mediators of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Besides IRI, complement C3 can also be upregulated and activated in the kidney before transplantation as a direct result of brain death (BD) in the donor. This local upregulation and activation of complement in the donor kidney has been proven to be detrimental for renal allograft outcome. Also TLR4 and several of its major ligands are upregulated by donor BD compared to living donors. Important and in line with the observations above, kidney transplant recipients have a benefit when receiving a kidney from a TLR4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile genotypic donor. The role of complement and TLRs and crosstalk between these two innate immune systems in relation to renal injury during donor BD and ischemia-reperfusion are focus of this review. Future strategies to target complement and TLR activation in kidney transplantation are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Damman
- Surgery Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Boschiero L, Foroni R, Tonini M, Ancona G. An objective method for detecting time-dependent effects in graft survival. Transpl Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2000.tb01997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Efficacy and safety of thymoglobulin induction as an alternative approach for steroid-free maintenance immunosuppression in pediatric renal transplantation. Transplantation 2011; 90:1516-20. [PMID: 20935596 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181fc8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the recent withdrawal of daclizumab (DAC), the safety and efficacy of thymoglobulin (TMG) was tested as an alternative induction agent for steroid-free (SF) immunosuppression in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. METHODS Thirteen pediatric renal transplant recipients meeting defined high-risk criteria at transplantation were offered TMG induction and SF immunosuppression with maintenance mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus between October 2008 and January 2010. Patients were closely monitored at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months posttransplant for protocol biopsy and clinical outcomes. Outcomes were compared with 13 consecutively transplanted low-risk patients receiving an established DAC-based SF protocol (Sarwal et al., WA, American Transplant Congress 2003). RESULTS There was a significant trend for overall decrease in the absolute lymphocyte counts in TMG group (F=5.86, mixed model group effect P=0.02), predominately at 3 months compared with DAC group (0.7±0.6 vs. 2.1±1.0, P=0.0004); however, lymphocyte count was recovered and was back to reference range by 6 months in TMG. There was trend toward more subclinical cytomegalovirus (15% vs. 0%) and BK viremia (17% vs. 0%) in the TMG group, with no differences in the incidence of subclinical Epstein Barr virus viremia (23% vs. 31%) or clinical viral disease. Mean graft function was excellent, and with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, there were no episodes of acute rejection. CONCLUSION TMG seems to be a safe alternative induction strategy in patients for SF immunosuppression in pediatric renal transplantation. Extended follow-up and greater enrollment are necessary to fully explore the impact of TMG dosing on viral replication posttransplantation.
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Osama Gaber A, Mulgaonkar S, Kahan BD, Steve Woodle E, Alloway R, Bajjoka I, Jensik S, Klintmalm GB, Patton PR, Wiseman A, Lipshutz G, Kupiec-Weglinski J, Gaber LW, Katz E, Irish W, Squiers EC, Hemmerich S. YSPSL (rPSGL-Ig) for improvement of early renal allograft function: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center Phase IIa study1,2,3. Clin Transplant 2010; 25:523-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2010.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ayala-García MA, Soel JM, Diaz E, González B, Paz FJ, Cervantes F, Rodea E, Muñoz G, Rodriguez JS, Gutiérrez J, Malacara JM. Induction of tolerance in renal transplantation using splenic transplantation: experimental study in a canine model. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:376-80. [PMID: 20172353 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in a canine model the induction of tolerance to renal transplantation after splenectomy and splenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, experimental, comparative, longitudinal study included 4 experimental groups, each comprising 4 dogs. Group 1 (control group) underwent renal transplantation only; group 2 underwent renal transplantation and splenectomy; group 3 underwent renal transplantation and splenosis; and group 4 underwent renal transplantation, splenectomy, and splenosis. Survival and degree of rejection were compared between the 4 groups. RESULTS Splenosis improved renal function after transplantation, as indicated by increased serum creatinine concentration (group 3, 6.2 mg/dL vs group 1, 12.9 mg/dL). Comparison of weighted survival curves (corrected for degree of rejection) demonstrated a significant difference between group 2 (66.0 days) and group 4 (66.2 days) vs group 1 (52.7 days) and group 3 (41.2 days) (P = .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). CONCLUSION These results suggest that in this experimental model of renal transplantation, splenosis and splenectomy induce clinical tolerance, as indicated by improved renal function and prolonged recipient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ayala-García
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajio y Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of graft failure is the pivotal measure of effectiveness when evaluating immunosuppressive regimens for renal transplantation. However, to date most randomized trials of immunosuppressive therapy have had acute rejection as the primary endpoint for treatment comparisons. The objective here was to review the evidence relating acute rejection to renal graft function and graft survival. METHODS A systematic review of the published literature was undertaken. Studies were reviewed if they included the following: study populations of adults undergoing renal transplantation, endpoints of graft loss or survival, and quantitative data on the associations between acute rejection and graft function and survival. RESULTS Overall, 31 observational studies were included. The definition of acute rejection varied, and there was substantial heterogeneity in study design and methodology. In all but two studies, acute rejection was associated with an increased risk of graft loss-risk ratios ranged from 1.2 (no definition reported) to 10.5 (confirmed by biopsy and grade I Banff criteria). In addition, there was fairly strong evidence linking timing of acute rejection and graft survival and weaker evidence linking the number of episodes and graft survival. The heterogeneity between studies invalidated pooling of quantitative studies. CONCLUSIONS The weight of the evidence indicates that occurrence, timing, and number of acute rejection episodes are associated with increased risk of graft loss. Less is known about the severity of rejection, which is important because many immunosuppressive regimens lessen severity. Quantifying these relationships is a priority if acute rejection continues to be a surrogate trial endpoint.
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Gezici A, Ozturk H, Ozturk H. The Effects of Mibefradil, a T-Type Ca2 +Channels Blocker, on the Renal Dysfunction and Injury Caused by Ischemia-Reperfusion of the Rat Kidney. Ren Fail 2009; 27:775-81. [PMID: 16350833 DOI: 10.1080/08860220500244831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of mibefradil on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Unilaterally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of left renal ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Group 1 were sham-operated animals; group 2, I/R/untreated animals; and group III, I/R/mibefradil-treated animals. A 99mTc-DTPA scan was taken to measure kidney perfusion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the time elapsed from isotope injection to the maximum of the curve. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) level were determined as well as examining the kidneys histologically. Treatment of rats with mibefradil produced a significant reduction in the serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen. T-max-sec (renal perfusion) was significantly lower in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3. The GFR was markedly greater in group 3 than in the group 2. The Tmax-min was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 3. Mibefradil treatment significantly decreased the MDA levels. The histopathologic score was significantly less in the group 3 rats compared with group 2 rats. Kidneys of group 2 rats showed tubular cell swelling, cellular vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, medullary congestion, and moderate to severe necrosis. Treatment with mibefradil preserved the normal morphology of the kidney and shows normal glomeruli and slight edema of the tubular cells. These findings suggest that mibefradil reduces the renal dysfunction associated with I/R of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Gezici
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Abstract
Long-term kidney graft survival is affected by different variables including donor condition, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and graft rejection during the transplantation process. The complement system is an important mediator of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and in rejecting allografts. However, donor complement C3 seems to be crucial in renal transplantation-related injury as renal injury is attenuated in C3 deficient kidney grafts. Interestingly, before ischemia-reperfusion induced C3 expression, C3 is already induced in donors suffering from brain death. Therefore, strategies targeting complement activation in the brain-dead donor may increase graft viability and transplant outcome.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies on the associations of postkidney transplant weight change on survival. Weight change in different posttransplant periods may have different causes and implications. We used the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry data to examine these issues. METHODS All adult white primary kidney transplant recipients from April 1991 to December 2004 were included. The associations of first (year 1, n=3899) and second (year 2, n=3419) year weight change with subsequent graft and patient survival were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Weight gain 10% to 19.9% in year 1 and stable weight (0%-4.9% gain) in year 2 were associated with the best outcomes. Weight loss more than 5% was associated with subsequent death (year 1 adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.64 [1.08-2.48], P=0.019; year 2 aHR=2.09 [1.44-3.02], P=0.013) but not death-censored graft loss. Weight gain more than or equal to 20% in year 1 and more than or equal to 10% weight gain in year 2 were also associated with subsequent death (year 1 aHR=1.78 [1.13-2.81], P=0.013; year 2 aHR=1.67 [1.01-2.76], P=0.047). These associations were minimally changed by excluding outcomes within 1 year of the weight change. Deaths were from cardiovascular disease (35%), cancer (35%), infections (15%), and "other" causes (15%). Weight gain more than or equal to 20% in year 1 was associated with infection or "other" deaths, and weight loss more than 5% or weight gain more than or equal to 10% in year 2 with cardiovascular deaths. CONCLUSIONS Significant posttransplant weight gain or loss was associated with poorer transplant outcomes. Reasons underlying these associations may differ between year 1 and year 2 weight changes.
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Gene expression patterns in deceased donor kidneys developing delayed graft function after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2008; 85:626-35. [PMID: 18347543 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318165491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation (KTx) ranges between 2% and 50%. The mechanisms leading to DGF deserve special interest because DGF exerts negative influences on long-term outcomes. We studied gene expression profiles in deceased donor kidney (DDK) biopsies with and without DGF. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed on donor kidney tissues from 33 DDK with the use of microarrays. DDK were classified as grafts with immediate function (non-DGF; n=21) and grafts with DGF (n=12). DGF was defined as a dialysis requirement in the first week after transplantation. Demographic donor and recipient information was collected. The robust-multiarray average method was used to estimate probe set expression summaries. Logistic regression was used to identify genes significantly associated with DGF development. RESULTS Patients were followed for 3 months after KTx. Thirty-eight probe sets (n=36 genes) were univariably differentially expressed in DDK with DGF when compared with DDK with non-DGF (alpha=0.001). Sixty-nine probe sets (n=65 genes) were differentially expressed in DDK with DGF when compared with DDK with non-DGF after adjusting for cold ischemia time (alpha=0.001). Gene ontology terms classified the overexpressed genes in DDK with DGF as principally related to cell cycle/growth (e.g., IGFBP5, CSNK2A2), signal transduction (e.g., RASGRP3), immune response (e.g., CD83, BCL3, MX1), and metabolism (e.g., ENPP4, GBA3). TNFRSF1B was overexpressed in DDK with DGF. CONCLUSIONS Cold ischemia time was a predictor of DGF independently of the preservation method. We identified a set of 36 genes candidates of DGF in DDK, with genes involved in the inflammatory response being the more important.
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Abstract
Renal transplant remains the mainstay of the treatment of end-stage renal disease. With improvement in management strategies and the diverse imaging options, the yearly survival of recipients with functional kidneys has improved significantly. This improved survival is attributed to factors such as immunosuppressive therapy planning in recipients, human leukocyte antigen matching, surgeon experience, and recipient's age. Transplantation offers the closest thing to a normal state if the transplanted kidney can replace the failed kidneys. Living-donor kidney transplants are playing a vital role in bridging the gap between decreased supply of, and increased demand for, kidneys for transplant. Early detection and characterization of complications in the recipient are of immense clinical relevance, allowing timely intervention to prevent graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Singh
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Cole EH, Johnston O, Rose CL, Gill JS. Impact of acute rejection and new-onset diabetes on long-term transplant graft and patient survival. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:814-21. [PMID: 18322046 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04681107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Development of new therapeutic strategies to improve long-term transplant outcomes requires improved understanding of the mechanisms by which these complications limit long-term transplant survival. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The association of acute rejection and new-onset diabetes was determined in the first posttransplantation year with the outcomes of transplant failure from any cause, death-censored graft loss, and death with a functioning graft in 27,707 adult recipients of first kidney-only transplants, with graft survival of at least 1 yr, performed between 1995 and 2002 in the United States. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, patients who developed acute rejection or new-onset diabetes had a similar risk for transplant failure from any cause, but the mechanisms of transplant failure were different: Acute rejection was associated with death-censored graft loss but only weakly associated with death with a functioning graft. In contrast new-onset diabetes was not associated with death-censored graft loss but was associated with an increased risk for death with a functioning graft. CONCLUSIONS Acute rejection and new-onset diabetes have a similar impact on long-term transplant survival but lead to transplant failure through different mechanisms. The mechanisms by which new-onset diabetes leads to transplant failure should be prospectively studied. Targeted therapeutic strategies to minimize the impact of various early posttransplantation complications may lead to improved long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Cole
- Division of Nephrology and Multiorgan Transplant Programme, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bayrak O, Bavbek N, Karatas OF, Bayrak R, Catal F, Cimentepe E, Akbas A, Yildirim E, Unal D, Akcay A. Nigella sativa protects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat kidneys. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:2206-12. [PMID: 18211980 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischaemia followed by reperfusion leads to acute renal failure in both native kidneys and renal allografts, which is a complex pathophysiologic process involving hypoxia and free radical (FR) damage. The oil of Nigella sativa (NSO) has been subjected to considerable pharmacological investigations that have revealed its antioxidant activity in different conditions. But there is no previously reported study about its effect on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of NSO in I/R-induced renal injury in rats. METHODS Thirty healthy male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control, sham, I/R, NSO+I/R, I/R+NSO and NSO. I/R, NSO+I/R and I/R+NSO rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischaemia followed by reperfusion and then all the rats were killed and kidney function tests, serum and tissue oxidants and antioxidants were determined and histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS Pre- and post-treatment with NSO produced reduction in serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine caused by I/R and significantly improved serum enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and also tissue enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), SOD and GSH-Px. NSO treatment resulted in lower total oxidant status (TOS) and higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and also significant reduction in serum and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) that were increased by renal I/R injury. The kidneys of untreated ischaemic rats had a higher histopathological score, while treatment with NSO nearly preserved the normal morphology of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS In view of previous observations and our data, with the potent FR scavenger and antioxidant properties, NSO seems to be a highly promising agent for protecting tissues from oxidative damage and preventing organ damage due to renal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Bayrak
- Department of Urology, Fatih University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Bos EM, Leuvenink HGD, van Goor H, Ploeg RJ. Kidney grafts from brain dead donors: Inferior quality or opportunity for improvement? Kidney Int 2007; 72:797-805. [PMID: 17653138 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major improvements in immunosuppressive treatment, surgical techniques, and treatment of post-transplant complications have contributed considerably to improved outcome in renal transplantation over the past decades. Yet, these accomplishments have not led to similar improvements in transplant outcome when the results of living and deceased donors are compared. The enormous demand for donor kidneys has allowed for the increase in acceptance of suboptimal donors. The use of brain dead patients as organ donors has had a tremendous positive influence on the number of renal transplants. Unfortunately, the physiologically abnormal state of brain death has a negative effect on transplant outcome. The fact that transplanted kidneys derived from brain dead donors have a decreased viability indicates that potential grafts are already damaged before retrieval and preservation. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of (patho)-physiological effects of brain death and its relevance for renal transplant outcome. In addition, several options for therapeutic intervention during brain death in the donor with the goal to improve organ viability and transplant outcome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Bos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Park SB, Kim JK, Cho KS. Complications of renal transplantation: ultrasonographic evaluation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2007; 26:615-33. [PMID: 17460004 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2007.26.5.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this presentation is to show the ultrasonographic findings of complications of renal transplantation. METHODS We reviewed the ultrasonographic findings of complications of renal transplantation, including urologic complications, fluid collections, graft dysfunction, vascular complications, neoplasms, and recurrent native renal disease. RESULTS Specific ultrasonographic features of complications of renal transplantation have been illustrated. CONCLUSIONS Familiarity with the clinical setting and the appearance of potential renal transplant complications as depicted with the most commonly used modality, ultrasonography, will facilitate prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bin Park
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Aydingoz SE, Takemoto SK, Pinsky BW, Salvalaggio PR, Lentine KL, Willoughby L, Hoover B, Burroughs TA, Schnitzler MA, Graff R. The impact of human leukocyte antigen matching on transplant complications and immunosuppression dosage. Hum Immunol 2007; 68:491-9. [PMID: 17509448 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Administrative claims data facilitate ascertainment of outcomes not collected by the transplant registry and provide the opportunity to examine prescribed doses of immunosuppressive medications. Here, we examine the impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching on traditional outcomes, rejection and survival, and use novel methods to examine immunosuppresion doses and complication rates. The central hypothesis tested in this analysis is that HLA-matched recipients receive lower doses of immunosuppression and have fewer posttransplant complications. We break from tradition by examining HLA matching in both living and deceased donor kidney transplants. As secondary aims, we compare the relative impact of class I and II mismatches and describe outcomes achieved with older donors. Medicare claims linked to the United States Renal Data System database for 23,443 kidney transplants were included in the study. A total of 15,793 transplants were DR mismatched (DRMM), 5,340 manifested no DR mismatches (NODRMM), and 2,310 manifested no ABDR mismatches (NOABDRMM). Patients with NOABDRMM experienced lower adjusted risk of rejection (0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.59-0.74, P < 0.001) and lower hazard of graft loss (0.69, 0.61-0.77, P < 0.001) and death (0.76, 0.63-0.92, P < 0.001) compared with those with DRMM. The hazard of cardiac and diabetic complications was similar between recipients of NOADRMM and DRMM transplants, but the hazard of diarrhea was significantly lower (0.82, 0.73-0.92, P < 0.001) in patients with NOABDRMM. The 6-month dose of mycophenolate mofetil was lower in patients with NOABDRMM. This study validates previous studies that indicated significantly lower risks of rejection, graft loss, and death among patients with 0 HLA-A,B,DR mismatches. Use of administrative claims revealed similar rates of cardiovascular complications. However, HLA-matched deceased donor recipients received lower dosages of mycophenolate mofetil and manifested a lower risk of developing posttransplant diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Emre Aydingoz
- Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
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