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Subramaniam MM, Noguera R, Piqueras M, Navarro S, Carda C, Pellin A, López-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Bosch A. Evaluation of genetic stability of the SYT gene rearrangement by break-apart FISH in primary and xenotransplanted synovial sarcomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 172:23-8. [PMID: 17175375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas (SS) are infrequent and morphologically heterogeneous soft tissue sarcomas. The t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), which results in fusion of the SYT gene at 18q11 with the SSX1, SSX2, or (rarely) SSX4 gene is a primary genetic event in 90% of SS. To determine whether the t(X;18) present in the original tumor is maintained in its passages, a dual-color break-apart FISH assay for SYT gene disruption was performed in two tissue microarrays (TMA) comprising eight molecularly confirmed primary SSs and their xenografts, which were followed for several generations. A simplified scoring system was applied to the FISH results of the primary and xenotransplanted SS to classify the FISH data into distinct groups. SYT disruption was identified in all eight primary SS and in all their passages without any significant differences among them, despite wide variations in xenotransplantation time between the primary tumors and their xenografts. The TMA-based FISH assay demonstrated genetic stability related to SYT gene rearrangement in primary and xenografted SS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mani Subramaniam
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Katenkamp K, Richter P, Slatosch T, Katenkamp D, Berndt A. Diagnostik des Synovialsarkoms. DER PATHOLOGE 2005; 26:111-6. [PMID: 15662499 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-004-0741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma diagnosis and differential diagnostic distinction from other spindle cell sarcomas may be difficult. In these cases the detection of the t(X;18) translocation by FISH and RT-PCR is diagnostically extremely helpful. This study was aimed at the question whether or not simultaneous use of both methods is required for evidence of t(X;18) translocation.Paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 53 patients were included in the study which were considered to be possible synovial sarcomas on the basis of histological aspect and immunohistochemical profile. Detection of t(X;18) was performed using FISH and RT-PCR simultaneously. Nuclei and amplifiable RNA could be isolated from 39 of the 53 included cases (75%). In 72% of these 39 cases FISH and RT-PCR showed identical negative or positive results. The remainder of the cases (28%) showed either a typical PCR product or a positive FISH signal.In conclusions FISH could be confirmed by typical PCR products and is therefore qualified as an internal quality control. Nevertheless tumour biological and methodical reasons have an important influence on both methods. Consequently in difficult cases simultaneous FISH and RT-PCR analysis is necessary for a clear evidence of t(X;18) translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Katenkamp
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena.
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4
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Rosa N, Samuel N, Antonio J, Carmen C, Antonio P, Antonio LB. A poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma (SYT/SSX1) expresses neuroectodermal markers: a xenografts and in vitro culture study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 13:52-9. [PMID: 15163010 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200403000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a neoplasm that poses diagnostic problems, due to its histologic heterogeneity. The poorly differentiated variant, in particular, may be histologically indistinguishable from other small round cell tumors. Detection of the synovial sarcoma-associated t(X;18) or SYT-SSX fusion transcripts may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of SS in difficult cases. Most of SS carry a t(X;18) in about one third of cases as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. We evaluated a case of poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma and their derived tumors in nude mice xenografts and cell cultures. We used a panel of antibodies (including those to intermediate filament, nerve-sheath associated markers, and neuronal and neuroectodermal related antigens) to better establish the immunophenotype, supported by the ultrastructural evaluation. The tumor exhibited the distinctive cytogenetic abnormality t(X;18), together with a der(1)t(1;22)(p36;q12). Present results show that this poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma not only expresses conventional biologic and genetical markers for SS but also neuroectodermal features when transplanted into nude mice and cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noguera Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Valencia, Spain
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Pilotti S, Pierotti MA. Well-differentiated liposarcoma with leiomyomatous differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 2002; 26:1643; author reply 1643-4. [PMID: 12459632 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200212000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Allander SV, Illei PB, Chen Y, Antonescu CR, Bittner M, Ladanyi M, Meltzer PS. Expression profiling of synovial sarcoma by cDNA microarrays: association of ERBB2, IGFBP2, and ELF3 with epithelial differentiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:1587-95. [PMID: 12414507 PMCID: PMC1850795 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive spindle cell sarcoma with two major histological subtypes, biphasic and monophasic, defined respectively by the presence or absence of areas of glandular epithelial differentiation. It is characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), which juxtaposes the SYT gene on chromosome 18 to either the SSX1 or the SSX2 gene on chromosome X. The chimeric SYT-SSX products are thought to function as transcriptional proteins that deregulate gene expression, thereby providing a putative oncogenic stimulus. We investigated the pattern of gene expression in synovial sarcoma using cDNA microarrays containing 6548 sequence-verified human cDNAs. A tissue microarray containing 37 synovial sarcoma samples verified to bear the SYT-SSX fusion was constructed for complementary analyses. Gene expression analyses were performed on individual tumor samples; 14 synovial sarcomas, 4 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and 1 fibrosarcoma. Statistical analysis showed a distinct expression profile for the group of synovial sarcomas as compared to the other soft tissue sarcomas, which included variably high expression of ERBB2, IGFBP2, and IGF2 in the synovial sarcomas. Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression in tissue microarrays of 37 synovial sarcomas demonstrated strong expression of ERBB2 and IGFBP2 in the glandular epithelial component of biphasic tumors and in solid epithelioid areas of some monophasic tumors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the ERBB2 overexpression was not because of gene amplification. Differentially expressed genes were also found in a comparison of the expression profiles of the biphasic and monophasic histological subgroups of synovial sarcoma, notably several keratin genes, and ELF3, an epithelial-specific transcription factor gene. Finally, we also noted differential overexpression of several neural- or neuroectodermal-associated genes in synovial sarcomas relative to the comparison sarcoma group, including OLFM1, TLE2, CNTNAP1, and DRPLA. Our high-throughput studies of gene expression patterns, complemented by tissue microarray studies, confirm the distinctive expression profile of synovial sarcoma, provide leads for the study of glandular morphogenesis in this tumor, and identify a new potential therapeutic target, ERBB2, in a subset of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne V Allander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Tamborini E, Agus V, Perrone F, Papini D, Romanò R, Pasini B, Gronchi A, Colecchia M, Rosai J, Pierotti MA, Pilotti S. Lack of SYT-SSX fusion transcripts in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors on RT-PCR analysis of 34 archival cases. J Transl Med 2002; 82:609-18. [PMID: 12004001 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(X;18) is currently regarded as a specific molecular marker of synovial sarcoma (SS). Recently, however, it has been reported that malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors expressed this marker in 75% of the cases. To test independently this iconoclastic claim, a molecular analysis for the detection of the SYT-SSX fusion genes was carried out using archival material of 34 consecutive cases diagnosed as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and treated in our Institute from 1998 to 2000. In four of these cases, the molecular analysis on fixed tissues was supplemented with an analysis on fresh frozen tissue. RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks was evaluated for the presence of SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusion transcripts by RT-PCR. This analysis was extended to a wide variety of normal tissues simultaneously extracted and equally processed. Only two of the cases studied harbored SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusion transcripts, respectively. The diagnostic reevaluation of these two cases in light of the molecular data disclosed that one had the features of a monophasic SS and the other was compatible with that entity. Both of these tumors were strongly immunoreactive for bcl-2, confirming the diagnostic utility of this marker in this instance. Our results reaffirm the specificity of SYT-SSX for SS and suggest that an opposite claim made in a recent study may have been due to a faulty interpretation of the molecular results caused by a contamination of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tamborini
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Sandberg AA, Bridge JA. Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors. Synovial sarcoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 133:1-23. [PMID: 11890984 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Sandberg
- Department of DNA Diagnostics, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 West Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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Abstract
Transdifferentiation is a process in which a stable cell's phenotype changes to that of a distinctly different cell type. It occurs during certain physiological processes and leads to transition of tumor cell phenotypes. The latter process includes neoplastic epithelial-epithelial transition, neoplastic epithelial-mesenchymal transition, neoplastic mesenchymal-epithelial transition and transition between non-neural and neural neoplastic cell. This phonomenon is exemplified in some origin-debated tumors, such as carcinosarcoma, pleomorphic adenoma, synovial sarcoma, Ewing's/pPNET, and malignant fibrohistiocytoma. We propose that differentiation disturbance of cancer cells should include not only undifferentiation and dedifferentiation, but also transdifferentiation as well. Tumor cell transdifferentiation may be influenced or determined by cellular genetic instabilities, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as by extracellular matrix and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, 465 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116027, PR China
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Tamborini E, Papini D, Mezzelani A, Riva C, Azzarelli A, Sozzi G, Pierotti MA, Pilotti S. c-KIT and c-KIT ligand (SCF) in synovial sarcoma (SS): an mRNA expression analysis in 23 cases. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:405-11. [PMID: 11487273 PMCID: PMC2364059 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous immunophenotypic molecular-based analysis it was shown that bcl2 over-expression characterizes the SS gene profile in addition to the non-random translocations. Here we show that the over-expression of an additional potentially antiapoptotic gene, the c-KIT gene, is associated with this tumour. Interestingly, whereas bcl2 over-expression appears to be restricted to the spindle cell tumoral component, c-kit mainly involves the epithelial component of biphasic SS. Twenty-three primary and metastatic samples from 21 patients were analysed by immunophenotyping (23/23), immunoprecipitations and Western blotting (3/23), and RT-PCR (23/23). Ten cases were biphasic and 13 monophasic in sub-type. Twelve, 10 and 1 case carried the SYT-SSX1, SYT-SSX2 and SYT-SSX4 fusion transcript, respectively. Co-presence of both c-Kit and SCF mRNA was observed in almost all cases (20/23), suggesting the occurrence of an autocrine loop. Immunophenotyping, confirmed by biochemical analyses, showed a modulation of c-Kit expression which was faint in the spindle and strong in the epithelial component, respectively. The study was complemented by c-Met/HGF receptor/ligand expression and c-Met protein analysis with results superimposable to those already reported. Since in each tumour, epithelial and spindle cell components harbour the same type of translocation t(X;18) the present findings suggest a shifting of the anti-apoptotic role from BCL2 to c-KIT gene during the transition from the uncommitted spindle to the differentiated epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tamborini
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, 20133, Italy
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Abstract
Synovial sarcomas are rather common among soft-tissue tumors, occurring at any age but affecting mainly young adults. The vast majority of synovial sarcomas carries a t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) chromosomal translocation, in about one-third of the cases as the sole cytogenetic anomaly. Several studies have indicated that the t(X;18) translocation arises exclusively in synovial sarcomas, therefore being an excellent tool to diagnose this malignancy. The breakpoint-associated genes were recently isolated: SYT, from chromosome 18, and SSX1 and SSX2, both from the X chromosome. This discovery enabled the detection of SYT-SSX fusion transcripts by specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions. This molecular genetics methodology has now been applied to numerous tumor samples and has led to the finding that, in contrast to tumors carrying SYT-SSX2 fusions, SYT-SSX1-positive tumors more often exhibit a biphasic histology, show a higher proliferation rate, and are associated with a poorer clinical outcome. It has also been shown that the SYT and SSX proteins are localized in the nucleus, where they appear to play a role in transcriptional regulation, SYT as an activator of transcription and the SSX proteins as transcriptional repressors. It was also found that SYT interacts and colocalizes in the nucleus with the BRM protein, a transcriptional coactivator, and that the SSX proteins colocalize in the nucleus with polycomb group proteins, which are transcriptional corepressors. Together, these studies have provided mechanistic clues about how the SYT-SSX fusion proteins may trigger synovial sarcoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R dos Santos
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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O'Sullivan MJ, Kyriakos M, Zhu X, Wick MR, Swanson PE, Dehner LP, Humphrey PA, Pfeifer JD. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with t(X;18). A pathologic and molecular genetic study. Mod Pathol 2000; 13:1336-46. [PMID: 11144931 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell sarcomas often present the surgical pathologist with a considerable diagnostic challenge. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and monophasic synovial sarcoma may all appear similar histologically. The application of ancillary diagnostic modalities, such as immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, may be helpful in the differentiation of these tumors, but in cases in which these adjunctive techniques fail to demonstrate any more definitive evidence of differentiation, tumor categorization may remain difficult. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of tumors have provided the basis for the application of molecular assays as the newest components of the diagnostic armamentarium. Because the chromosomal translocation t(X;18) has been observed repeatedly in many synovial sarcomas, it has been heralded as a diagnostic hallmark of synovial sarcoma. To formally test the specificity of this translocation for the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from a variety of soft tissue and spindle cell tumors was evaluated for the presence of t(X;18) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Although 85% of the synovial sarcomas studied demonstrated t(X;18), 75% of the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in our cohort also demonstrated this translocation. We conclude that the translocation t(X;18) is not specific to synovial sarcoma and discuss the implications of the demonstration of t(X;18) in a majority of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J O'Sullivan
- L.V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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O'Sullivan MJ, Kyriakos M, Zhu X, Wick MR, Swanson PE, Dehner LP, Humphrey PA, Pfeifer JD. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with t(X;18). A pathologic and molecular genetic study. Mod Pathol 2000; 13:1253-63. [PMID: 11106084 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell sarcomas often present the surgical pathologist with a considerable diagnostic challenge. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and monophasic synovial sarcoma may all appear similar histologically. The application of ancillary diagnostic modalities, such as immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, may be helpful in the differentiation of these tumors, but in cases in which these adjunctive techniques fail to demonstrate any more definitive evidence of differentiation, tumor categorization may remain difficult. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of tumors have provided the basis for the application of molecular assays as the newest components of the diagnostic armamentarium. Because the chromosomal translocation t(X;18) has been observed repeatedly in many synovial sarcomas, it has been heralded as a diagnostic hallmark of synovial sarcoma. To formally test the specificity of this translocation for the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from a variety of soft tissue and spindle cell tumors was evaluated for the presence of t(X;18) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Although 85% of the synovial sarcomas studied demonstrated t(X;18), 75% of the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in our cohort also demonstrated this translocation. We conclude that the translocation t(X;18) is not specific to synovial sarcoma and discuss the implications of the demonstration of t(X;18) in a majority of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blotting, Southern
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/genetics
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Translocation, Genetic
- X Chromosome
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Affiliation(s)
- M J O'Sullivan
- L. V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Llombart-Bosch A, Pellín A, Carda C, Noguera R, Navarro S, Peydró-Olaya A. Soft tissue Ewing sarcoma--peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor with atypical clear cell pattern shows a new type of EWS-FEV fusion transcript. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 2000; 9:137-44. [PMID: 10976720 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200009000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a new case of Ewing sarcoma (ES)-peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) with unusual phenotype and fusion gene structure. The tumor located in the inguinal area of a 15-year-old boy showed a highly aggressive behavior with hematogenous metastases after intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant, causing death 28 months after diagnosis. The tumor displayed a clear cell pattern, and several neuroectodermal markers proved positive both in the original tumor and in xenografts. This neuroectodermal character was confirmed by electron microscopy. Moreover, cytogenetically the tumor has an unusual chromosomal rearrangement, t(2;22)(q13;q22,t(3;18)(p21;q23); representing a new EWS-FEV fusion type in which exon 7 of EWS gene is fused with exon 2 of FEV gene. This is the third published study of an ES-pPNET showing EWS-FEV fusion described, but it is the first study of a tumor with the aforementioned fusion points. These findings support the genetic and morphologic heterogeneity existing within the group of ES-pPNET tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/ultrastructure
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Progression
- Exons/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Groin
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Prognosis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Llombart-Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of University of Valencia, Spain
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Vang R, Biddle DA, Harrison WR, Heck K, Cooley LD. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with a t(X;18). Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124:864-7. [PMID: 10835522 DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-0864-mpnstw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe an ankle tumor arising in a 16-year-old girl. The tumor demonstrated histology typical of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), but exhibited a variant form of the (X;18) translocation associated with synovial sarcoma. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for vimentin, CD57, collagen type IV, and Bcl-2. Routine and molecular cytogenetic studies showed an unbalanced 3-way chromosomal translocation that involved chromosomes X, 18, and 1. Electron microscopic findings were noncontributory. This unusual tumor raises the following questions and possibilities: (1) As the t(X;18) suggests, could this tumor be a monophasic synovial sarcoma with the histologic features of an MPNST? (2) Or, as the histology suggests, is this tumor an MPNST that has a t(X;18)? (3) Finally, could MPNST histology, a t(X;18), and no defining immunohistochemical or electron microscopic features represent an as yet unrecognized part of a spectrum that spans from synovial sarcoma to MPNST or other spindle cell tumors?
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- CD57 Antigens/analysis
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Collagen/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/ultrastructure
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/genetics
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/pathology
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/surgery
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Reoperation
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/surgery
- Sarcoma, Synovial/ultrastructure
- Translocation, Genetic
- Vimentin/analysis
- X Chromosome
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vang
- University of Texas Medical School, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Houston 77030, USA
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Abstract
Many sarcomas are characterized by specific recurrent chromosomal translocations which provide powerful diagnostic tumor markers. Since 1992, the genes involved by almost all of these translocations have been cloned, inaugurating a new era in the study of sarcomas. At the biological level, these chromosomal translocations produce highly specific gene fusions, usually encoding aberrant chimeric transcription factors. Clinically, the correlation of these translocation-derived genetic markers and discrete histopathologic entities has been remarkable. Fusion gene detection has confirmed and refined the nosology of several sarcoma groups. The overall effect has been to strengthen certain pathological concepts rather than to revolutionize. The focus of this brief review is the recent impact that the cytogenetic and molecular detection of these translocations has had on sarcoma diagnosis and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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18
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Mezzelani A, Sozzi G, Pierotti MA, Pilotti S. Morpho-immunophenotypic-genotypic infidelity in synovial sarcoma. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 1998; 7:232-3. [PMID: 9917134 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-199808000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/immunology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/secondary
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/immunology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
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