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Singh G, Kutcher D, Lally R, Rai V. Targeting Neoantigens in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2101. [PMID: 38893220 PMCID: PMC11171042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and is currently the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States after lung and colon cancer. PDAC is estimated to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. The diagnosis at a late stage is the underlying cause for higher mortality and poor prognosis after surgery. Treatment resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy results in recurrence after surgery and poor prognosis. Neoantigen burden and CD8+ T-cell infiltration are associated with clinical outcomes in PDAC and paucity of neoantigen-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be the underlying cause for treatment resistance for immunotherapy. This suggests a need to identify additional neoantigens and therapies targeting these neoantigens to improve clinical outcomes in PDAC. In this review, we focus on describing the pathophysiology, current treatment strategies, and treatment resistance in PDAC followed by the need to target neoantigens in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (G.S.); (D.K.); (R.L.)
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2
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Di Donato M, Medici N, Migliaccio A, Castoria G, Giovannelli P. Exosomes: Emerging Modulators of Pancreatic Cancer Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4714. [PMID: 37835408 PMCID: PMC10571735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is one of the most lethal tumors worldwide, difficult to diagnose, and with inadequate therapeutical chances. The most used therapy is gemcitabine, alone or in combination with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), and the multidrug FOLFIRINOX. Unfortunately, PaC develops resistance early, thus reducing the already poor life expectancy of patients. The mechanisms responsible for drug resistance are not fully elucidated, and exosomes seem to be actively involved in this phenomenon, thanks to their ability to transfer molecules regulating this process from drug-resistant to drug-sensitive PaC cells. These extracellular vesicles are released by both normal and cancer cells and seem to be essential mediators of intercellular communications, especially in cancer, where they are secreted at very high numbers. This review illustrates the role of exosomes in PaC drug resistance. This manuscript first provides an overview of the pharmacological approaches used in PaC and, in the last part, focuses on the mechanisms exploited by the exosomes released by cancer cells to induce drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
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3
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A Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Delivery System for an ATM Kinase Inhibitor That Ameliorates Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Carcinoma Mammospheres. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051474. [PMID: 36900267 PMCID: PMC10000448 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a pluripotent signaling mediator which activates cellular responses to genotoxic and metabolic stress. It has been shown that ATM enables the growth of mammalian adenocarcinoma stem cells, and therefore the potential benefits in cancer chemotherapy of a number of ATM inhibitors, such as KU-55933 (KU), are currently being investigated. We assayed the effects of utilizing a triphenylphosphonium-functionalized nanocarrier delivery system for KU on breast cancer cells grown either as a monolayer or in three-dimensional mammospheres. We observed that the encapsulated KU was effective against chemotherapy-resistant mammospheres of breast cancer cells, while having comparably lower cytotoxicity against adherent cells grown as monolayers. We also noted that the encapsulated KU sensitized the mammospheres to the anthracycline drug doxorubicin significantly, while having only a weak effect on adherent breast cancer cells. Our results suggest that triphenylphosphonium-functionalized drug delivery systems that contain encapsulated KU, or compounds with a similar impact, are a useful addition to chemotherapeutic treatment schemes that target proliferating cancers.
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FGFR3 Nuclear Translocation Contributes to Proliferative Potential and Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2022; 51:476-482. [PMID: 35858182 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was revealed to have divergent, even opposite roles in different neoplasms. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), its impact on biological behavior and prognosis was not well elucidated. METHODS Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 was downregulated by RNA interference to explore its impact on cell proliferative proclivity in PDAC cells. Furthermore, tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry for FGFR3 was performed in 326 patients with PDAC who underwent radical resection, and its clinicopathologic and prognostic implications were then evaluated. RESULTS First, successful FGFR3 knockdown remarkably decreased its expression, cell proliferation, and S-phase ratio in the cell cycle in 2 PDAC cell lines, BxPC-3 and AsPC-1. Meanwhile, alterations in p-Akt, cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and p21 were also observed. Subsequently, high nuclear FGFR3 expression, but not cytoplasmic, was significantly common in tumor tissues and positively associated with N stage and dismal overall survival in the entire cohort. In addition, nuclear FGFR3 expression was also prognostic in 10 of 14 subsets. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified nuclear expression of FGFR3 as an independent prognosticator in the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that FGFR3 nuclear translocation contributes to cell proliferative potential and predicts poor long-term prognosis in PDAC after surgical resection.
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Bednarz-Misa I, Bromke MA, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Interleukin (IL)-7 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:9-49. [PMID: 33559853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 plays an important immunoregulatory role in different types of cells. Therefore, it attracts researcher's attention, but despite the fact, many aspects of its modulatory action, as well as other functionalities, are still poorly understood. The review summarizes current knowledge on the interleukin-7 and its signaling cascade in context of cancer development. Moreover, it provides a cancer-type focused description of the involvement of IL-7 in solid tumors, as well as hematological malignancies.The interleukin has been discovered as a growth factor crucial for the early lymphocyte development and supporting the growth of malignant cells in certain leukemias and lymphomas. Therefore, its targeting has been explored as a treatment modality in hematological malignancies, while the unique ability to expand lymphocyte populations selectively and without hyperinflammation has been used in experimental immunotherapies in patients with lymphopenia. Ever since the early research demonstrated a reduced growth of solid tumors in the presence of IL-7, the interleukin application in boosting up the anticancer immunity has been investigated. However, a growing body of evidence indicative of IL-7 upregulation in carcinomas, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis and aiding drug-resistance, is accumulating. It therefore becomes increasingly apparent that the response to the IL-7 stimulus strongly depends on cell type, their developmental stage, and microenvironmental context. The interleukin exerts its regulatory action mainly through phosphorylation events in JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt pathways, while the significance of MAPK pathway seems to be limited to solid tumors. Given the unwavering interest in IL-7 application in immunotherapy, a better understanding of interleukin role, source in tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways, as well as the identification of cells that are likely to respond should be a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz A Bromke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Wang Y, Liu K, Ma Q, Tan Y, Du W, Lv Y, Tian Y, Wang H. Pancreatic cancer biomarker detection by two support vector strategies for recursive feature elimination. Biomark Med 2019; 13:105-121. [PMID: 30767554 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst malignant tumors in prognosis. Therefore, to reduce the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are particularly important. RESULTS We put forward a new feature-selection method that was used to find clinical markers for pancreatic cancer by combination of Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and Large Margin Distribution Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (LDM-RFE) algorithms. As a result, seven differentially expressed genes were predicted as specific biomarkers for pancreatic cancer because of their highest accuracy of classification on cancer and normal samples. CONCLUSION Three (MMP7, FOS and A2M) out of the seven predicted gene markers were found to encode proteins secreted into urine, providing potential diagnostic evidences for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.,Cancer Systems Biology Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Keke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yongfei Tan
- Basic Medicine School, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.,Cancer Systems Biology Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Yidan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation & Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science & Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
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7
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Huang H, Li T, Chen M, Liu F, Wu H, Wang J, Chen J, Li X. Identification and validation of NOLC1 as a potential target for enhancing sensitivity in multidrug resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:54. [PMID: 30505321 PMCID: PMC6258490 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy has become the frequently adopted standard therapeutic approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle contributing to the failure of chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify genes associated with MDR development that predict tumor response to chemotherapy in NSCLC. In the present study, a multidrug-resistant NSCLC cell sub-line, A549/MDR, was established from the A549/DDP cell line and characterized. The resistance index (RI) of this subline was calculated according to the IC50 of A549/MDR relative to the parental A549/DDP cells. The gene expression profiles of A549/DDP and A549/MDR were obtained using an oligonucleotide microarray (Agilent SureHyb microarray chip). The microarray results were validated by qRT-PCR and selected genes were analyzed by in vitro loss-of-function experiments. Gene expression profiling identified 921 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to the selection criteria, in which 541 genes were upregulated and 380 genes were downregulated in A549/MDR compared with A549/DDP cells. We found that these DEGs are involved in diverse biological processes, including ribonucleoprotein complex, drug metabolism, the Hippo signaling pathway and transcriptional misregulation. NOLC1, as one of the identified DEGs, was confirmed to be overexpressed in A549/MDR cells and its knockdown significantly enhanced the drug sensitivity of A549/MDR cells in response to multidrug treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of NOLC1 downregulated the expression levels of drug resistance-associated molecules (LRP and MDR1) in A549/MDR cells. These findings provide a new and comprehensive expression profile of MDR in NSCLC cells. Identification and validation of NOLC1 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of MDR of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Huang
- 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
| | - Tangying Li
- 2Healthcare Department, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311 Hainan China
| | - Mingjing Chen
- 3Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
| | - Feng Liu
- 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
| | - Jie Wang
- 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
| | - Jialiang Chen
- 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
| | - Xi Li
- 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102 Hainan China
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8
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Patterson DG, Roberts JT, King VM, Houserova D, Barnhill EC, Crucello A, Polska CJ, Brantley LW, Kaufman GC, Nguyen M, Santana MW, Schiller IA, Spicciani JS, Zapata AK, Miller MM, Sherman TD, Ma R, Zhao H, Arora R, Coley AB, Zeidan MM, Tan M, Xi Y, Borchert GM. Human snoRNA-93 is processed into a microRNA-like RNA that promotes breast cancer cell invasion. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017; 3:25. [PMID: 28702505 PMCID: PMC5503938 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic searches for tumor suppressors have recently linked small nucleolar RNA misregulations with tumorigenesis. In addition to their classically defined functions, several small nucleolar RNAs are now known to be processed into short microRNA-like fragments called small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs. To determine if any small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs contribute to breast malignancy, we recently performed a RNA-seq-based comparison of the small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs of two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and identified small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs derived from 13 small nucleolar RNAs overexpressed in MDA-MB-231s. Importantly, we find that inhibiting the most differentially expressed of these small nucleolar RNA-derived RNAs (sdRNA-93) in MDA-MB-231 cells results primarily in a loss of invasiveness, whereas increased sdRNA-93 expression in either cell line conversely results in strikingly enhanced invasion. Excitingly, we recently determined sdRNA-93 expressions in small RNA-seq data corresponding to 116 patient tumors and normal breast controls, and while we find little sdRNA-93 expression in any of the controls and only sporadic expression in most subtypes, we find robust expression of sdRNA-93 in 92.8% of Luminal B Her2+tumors. Of note, our analyses also indicate that at least one of sdRNA-93's endogenous roles is to regulate the expression of Pipox, a sarcosine metabolism-related protein whose expression significantly correlates with distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We find sdRNA-93 can regulate the Pipox 3'UTR via standard reporter assays and that manipulating endogenous sdRNA-93 levels inversely correlates with altered Pipox expression. In summary, our results strongly indicate that sdRNA-93 expression actively contributes to the malignant phenotype of breast cancer through participating in microRNA-like regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon G Patterson
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Justin T Roberts
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Valeria M King
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Dominika Houserova
- Department of Pharmacology, USA College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | | | - Aline Crucello
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Caroline J Polska
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Lucas W Brantley
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Garrett C Kaufman
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Megann W Santana
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Ian A Schiller
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Julius S Spicciani
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Anastasia K Zapata
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Molly M Miller
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Timothy D Sherman
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Genetics, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- Department of Genetics, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Ritu Arora
- Center for Cell Death and Metabolism, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604 USA
| | - Alexander B Coley
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Melody M Zeidan
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Center for Cell Death and Metabolism, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604 USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Department of Genetics, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Glen M Borchert
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.,Department of Pharmacology, USA College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
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Identifying microRNA-mRNA regulatory network in gemcitabine-resistant cells derived from human pancreatic cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4525-34. [PMID: 25722110 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is unresectable in over 80 % of patients owing to difficulty in early diagnosis. Chemotherapy is the most frequently adopted therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer. The development of drug resistance to gemcitabine (GEM), which is always used in standard chemotherapy, often results in therapeutic failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the gemcitabine resistance remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to explore the microRNA-mRNA network that is associated with the development of gemcitabine resistance and to identify molecular targets for overcoming the gemcitabine resistance. By exposing SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells to long-term gemcitabine with increasing concentrations, we established a gemcitabine-resistant cell line (SW1990/GEM) with a high IC50 (the concentration needed for 50 % growth inhibition, 847.23 μM). The mRNA and microRNA expression profiles of SW1990 cells and SW1990/GEM cells were determined using RNA-seq analysis. By comparing the results in control SW1990 cells, 507 upregulated genes and 550 downregulated genes in SW1990/GEM cells were identified as differentially expressed genes correlated with gemcitabine sensitivity. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were related to diverse biological processes. The upregulated genes were mainly associated with drug response and apoptosis, and the downregulated genes were correlated with cell cycle progression and RNA splicing. Concurrently, the differentially expressed microRNAs, which are the important player in drug resistance development, were also examined in SW1990/GEM cells, and 56 differential microRNAs were identified. Additionally, the expression profiles of selected genes and microRNAs were confirmed by using Q-PCR assays. Furthermore, combining the differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs as well as the predicted targets for these microRNAs, a core microRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed, which included hub microRNAs, such as hsa-miR-643, hsa-miR-4644, hsa-miR-4650-5p, hsa-miR-4455, hsa-miR-1261, and hsa-miR-3676. The predicted targets of these hub microRNAs in the microRNA-mRNA network were also observed in the identified differential genes. As a result, a differential gene and microRNA expression pattern was constructed in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, these data may be useful for the detection and treatment of drug resistance in pancreatic cancer patients, and the microRNA-mRNA network-based analysis is expected to be more effective and provides deep insights into the molecular mechanism of drug resistance.
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10
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Naderi E, Mostafaei M, Pourshams A, Mohamadkhani A. Network of microRNAs-mRNAs interactions in pancreatic cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:534821. [PMID: 24895587 PMCID: PMC4033392 DOI: 10.1155/2014/534821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of certain genes through interaction with mRNA targets and are mainly involved in human cancer. This study was conducted to make the network of miRNAs-mRNAs interactions in pancreatic cancer as the fourth leading cause of cancer death. METHODS 56 miRNAs that were exclusively expressed and 1176 genes that were downregulated or silenced in pancreas cancer were extracted from beforehand investigations. MiRNA-mRNA interactions data analysis and related networks were explored using MAGIA tool and Cytoscape 3 software. Functional annotations of candidate genes in pancreatic cancer were identified by DAVID annotation tool. RESULTS This network is made of 217 nodes for mRNA, 15 nodes for miRNA, and 241 edges that show 241 regulations between 15 miRNAs and 217 target genes. The miR-24 was the most significantly powerful miRNA that regulated series of important genes. ACVR2B, GFRA1, and MTHFR were significant target genes were that downregulated. CONCLUSION Although the collected previous data seems to be a treasure trove, there was no study simultaneous to analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs interaction. Network of miRNA-mRNA interactions will help to corroborate experimental remarks and could be used to refine miRNA target predictions for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Naderi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mostafaei
- Biotechnology Engineering, Islamic Azad University,Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Guo JC, Li J, Yang YC, Zhou L, Zhang TP, Zhao YP. Oligonucleotide microarray identifies genes differentially expressed during tumorigenesis of DMBA-induced pancreatic cancer in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82910. [PMID: 24376604 PMCID: PMC3871567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The extremely dismal prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is attributed, at least in part, to lack of early diagnosis. Therefore, identifying differentially expressed genes in multiple steps of tumorigenesis of PC is of great interest. In the present study, a 7,12-dimethylbenzanthraene (DMBA)-induced PC model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The gene expression profile was screened using an oligonucleotide microarray, followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining validation. A total of 661 differentially expressed genes were identified in stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis. According to GO classification, these genes were involved in multiple molecular pathways. Using two-way hierarchical clustering analysis, normal pancreas, acute and chronic pancreatitis, PanIN, early and advanced pancreatic cancer were completely discriminated. Furthermore, 11 upregulated and 142 downregulated genes (probes) were found by Mann-Kendall trend Monotone test, indicating homologous genes of rat and human. The qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis of CXCR7 and UBe2c, two of the identified genes, confirmed the microarray results. In human PC cell lines, knockdown of CXCR7 resulted in decreased migration and invasion. Collectively, our data identified several promising markers and therapeutic targets of PC based on a comprehensive screening and systemic validation.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/genetics
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/pathology
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/genetics
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Xiao Z, Ding N, Xiao G, Wang S, Wu Y, Tang L. Reversal of multidrug resistance by gefitinib via RAF1/ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer cell line. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:2122-8. [PMID: 22907845 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating malignancy, characterized by intrinsic or acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Recent evidences suggest an involvement of tyrosine kinase pathway in the regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) protein gene expression. The aim of this study was to test whether gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor could regulate the MDR protein gene expression and sensitize the resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. The gene expression of MDR proteins (MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and PGP) were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, and expression levels of various tyrosine kinases were investigated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot in pancreatic cancer cell line. MTT assay was used for evaluating the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapeutics induced drug resistance by regulating the gene expression of MDR proteins (MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3), and increased the gene expression of RAF1/ERK and the phosphorylation of ERK in pancreatic cancer Bxpc-3 cells. Gefitinib caused an inhibition of p-ERK tyrosine kinase activation in a dose-dependent manner, and reversed gemcitabine-induced RAF1/ERK gene expression and p-ERK activation. In addition, a reversal of MDR proteins gene expression was achieved by gefitinib, which sensitized resistant cells to gemcitabine. This study demonstrated that MDR of Bxpc-3 cell is involved in the RAF1/ERK tyrosine kinase pathway. Gefitinib reverses the MDR protein gene expression and restores sensitivity of resistant cells to gemcitabine via RAF1/ERK signaling pathway. Combination of gefitinib with conventional chemotherapeutic agents may offer a new approach for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Cui L, Fu J, Pang JCS, Qiu ZK, Liu XM, Chen FR, Shi HL, Ng HK, Chen ZP. Overexpression of IL-7 enhances cisplatin resistance in glioma. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:496-503. [PMID: 22415136 PMCID: PMC3364789 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.19592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for glioma patients. In this study, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used to identify genes associated with cisplatin resistance in a human glioma cell line. The cisplatin-resistant U251/CP2 cell line was derived by stepwise selection using cisplatin. The genetic aberrations of the U251 parental cell line and the U251/CP2 cells were analyzed using aCGH. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the altered genes revealed by aCGH. The sensitivity of glioma cells to cisplatin was determined by using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry and western blot analysis. The IC50 value of cisplatin in U251/CP2 cells was five times higher than its IC50 in U251 cells. The U251 cells lost at least one copy each of the CFHR1 and CFHR3 genes, and both CFHR1 and CFHR3 were homozygously deleted in U251/CP2 cells. The U251/CP2 cells gained two to three copies of C8orf70 and IL-7 genes. IL-7 mRNA expression was studied in 12 glioma cell lines, and expression was positively correlated with the IC50 of cisplatin. Furthermore, IL-7 mRNA expression was also positively correlated with the IC50 of cisplatin in 91 clinical glioma specimens. Additionally, treatment with recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7) enhanced cisplatin resistance and increased the relative growth rate of the glioma cells. Moreover, the apoptosis induced by cisplatin could be inhibited by IL-7. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL-7 may play an important role in cisplatin resistance in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Cancer Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhao G, Cui J, Zhang JG, Qin Q, Chen Q, Yin T, Deng SC, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang B, Tian K, Wang GB, Wang CY. SIRT1 RNAi knockdown induces apoptosis and senescence, inhibits invasion and enhances chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells. Gene Ther 2011; 18:920-8. [PMID: 21677689 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), has been recently been suspected to have a role in tumorigenesis. We investigated the expression of SIRT1 in pancreatic cancer and the effect of SIRT1-targeted RNA interference (RNAi) on cell proliferation and tumor formation in a pancreatic cancer cell line, PANC1. The expression of SIRT1 was investigated in 49 specimens of pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues. SIRT1 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels, with increased SIRT1 positivity associated with tumors from patients over 60 years old, tumors larger than 4 cm, higher TNM (extent of tumor (T), the extent of spread to lymph nodes (N), and presence of distant metastasis (M)) stage or the presence of lymph node or hepatic metastases. The PANC-1 was stably transfected with a SIRT1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmid and compared with untransfected and PANC-1-negative RNAi cells. Proliferation of PANC-1-SIRT1-RNAi cells was significantly reduced, accompanied by increased rates of apoptosis, G1 arrest and senescence. Furthermore, FOXO3a expression was markedly upregulated in PANC-1-SIRT1-RNAi cells, but no significant difference in p53 expression was observed. The invasive ability of PANC-1-SIRT1-RNAi cells was markedly reduced in vitro, which was linked to increased E-cadherin and reduced-MMP expression. Additionally, PANC-1-SIRT1-RNAi cells had a significantly reduced capacity to form tumors in vivo compared with untransfected and PANC-1-negative RNAi cells. These results suggest that SIRT1 may promote cell proliferation and tumor formation in pancreatic cancer, and downregulation of SIRT1 using shRNA could provide a novel therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Broadhead ML, Clark JCM, Dass CR, Choong PFM. Microarray: an instrument for cancer surgeons of the future? ANZ J Surg 2010; 80:531-6. [PMID: 20795968 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2010.05379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microarray enables the study of thousands of genes simultaneously. While still in its infancy as a technique and with a number of barriers to be overcome, microarray is allowing scientists to thoroughly examine the molecular pathways of cancer pathogenesis. However, the adoption of microarray as a clinically applicable technique has been slow coming. Current literature suggests roles in the diagnosis of tumours of unknown origin, in the evaluation of prognostic markers, and in guiding treatment for recurrent and resistant malignancy. This review outlines the science of microarray and draws on clinical examples, including osteosarcoma, breast, prostate and pancreatic carcinomas, to highlight the potential of microarray as a technique of surgical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Broadhead
- Department of Orthopaedics University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, VIC, Australia
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Identification of differential gene expression for microarray data using recursive random forest. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200812020-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Effect of endothelial PAS domain protein 1 and hypoxia inducible factor 1α on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human pancreatic carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200811020-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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On multiple testing, validation of gene expression profiling, and translational research. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200807010-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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