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Kumar S, Shuaib M, AlAsmari AF, Alqahtani F, Gupta S. GNL3 and PA2G4 as Prognostic Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2723. [PMID: 37345060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a multifocal and heterogeneous disease common in males and remains the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prognosis of prostate cancer is variable and based on the degree of cancer and its stage at the time of diagnosis. Existing biomarkers for the prognosis of prostate cancer are unreliable and lacks specificity and sensitivity in guiding clinical decision. There is need to search for novel biomarkers having prognostic and predictive capabilities in guiding clinical outcomes. Using a bioinformatics approach, we predicted GNL3 and PA2G4 as biomarkers of prognostic significance in prostate cancer. A progressive increase in the expression of GNL3 and PA2G4 was observed during cancer progression having significant association with poor survival in prostate cancer patients. The Receiver Operating Characteristics of both genes showed improved area under the curve against sensitivity versus specificity in the pooled samples from three different GSE datasets. Overall, our analysis predicted GNL3 and PA2G4 as prognostic biomarkers of clinical significance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Guddha, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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REZAPOUR N, KAMALABADI-FARAHANI M, ATASHI A, ZARRINPOUR V. Paclitaxel resistance and nucleostemin upregulation in metastatic mouse breast cancer cells. MINERVA BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-542x.23.02945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Meng L, Huang Q, Zhu Y, Cui W, Cheng Y, Liu R. Targeted micelles with chemotherapeutics and gene drugs to inhibit the G1/S and G2/M mitotic cycle of prostate cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:17. [PMID: 33422073 PMCID: PMC7796562 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy and gene therapy are used in clinical practice for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the poor efficiency of drug delivery and serious systemic side effects remain an obstacle to wider application of these drugs. Herein, we report newly designed PEO-PCL micelles that were self-assembled and modified by spermine ligand, DCL ligand and TAT peptide to carry docetaxel and anti-nucleostemin siRNA. RESULTS The particle size of the micelles was 42 nm, the zeta potential increased from - 12.8 to 15 mV after grafting with spermine, and the optimal N/P ratio was 25:1. Cellular MTT experiments suggested that introduction of the DCL ligand resulted in high toxicity toward PSMA-positive cells and that the TAT peptide enhanced the effect. The expression of nucleostemin was significantly suppressed in vitro and in vivo, and the tumour-inhibition experiment showed that the dual-drug delivery system suppressed CRPC tumour proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This targeted drug delivery system inhibited the G1/S and G2/M mitotic cycle via synergistic interaction of chemotherapeutics and gene drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology & Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingsheng Cheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ranlu Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology & Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
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Andisheh-Tadbir A, Ranjbar MA, Shiri AA, Mardani M. Expression of nucleostemin in odontogenic cysts and tumors. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104376. [PMID: 31926976 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Considering the unique clinical behavior of odontogenic cysts and tumors, this study aimed to assess the expression of nucleostemin in odontogenic cysts and tumors by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. This retrospective study evaluated 50 samples including 13 samples of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), 10 samples of solid ameloblastoma (SA), 10 samples of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and 17 samples of dentigerous cyst (DC) by IHC staining. The stained slides were evaluated under a light microscope. Number of positively stained cells for nucleostemin marker was counted in five random areas per 100 cells under x400 magnification. The labeling index (LI) for nucleostemin was calculated by dividing the number of positively stained cells by the total number of counted cells in each lesion multiplied by 100. Positive staining for nucleostemin marker was observed in 100% of SA,100% of UA, 100% of OKC and 5 samples of DC (29.4%). The LI for nucleostemin marker in SA (median: 70.5), UA (median: 50) and OKC (median: 52) samples was significantly higher than that in DC (median: 0.00) (P = .001). This study showed an increased expression of nucleostemin in ameloblastoma and OKC, which suggests that stemness may be related to development of these lesions, their invasive behavior and high rate of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ranjbar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Shiri
- Undergraduate Student, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sun X, Jia Y, Wei Y, Liu S, Yue B. Gene expression profiling of NB4 cells following knockdown of nucleostemin using DNA microarrays. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:175-83. [PMID: 27374947 PMCID: PMC4918620 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS) is mainly expressed in stem and tumor cells, and is necessary for the maintenance of their self-renewal and proliferation. Originally, NS was thought to exert its effects through inhibiting p53, while recent studies have revealed that NS is also able to function independently of p53. The present study performed a gene expression profiling analysis of p53‑mutant NB4 leukeima cells following knockdown of NS in order to elucidate the p53‑independent NS pathway. NS expression was silenced using lentivirus‑mediated RNA interference technology, and gene expression profiling of NB4 cells was performed by DNA microarray analysis. A total of 1,953 genes were identified to be differentially expressed (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5) following knockdown of NS expression. Furthermore, reverse‑transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the expression of certain candidate genes, and the results were in agreement with the micaroarray data. Pathway analysis indicated that aberrant genes were enhanced in endoplasmic, c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and mineral absorption pathways. The present study shed light on the mechanisms of the p54‑independent NS pathway in NB4 cells and provided a foundation for the discovery of promising targets for the treatment of p53-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Wei
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Yue
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Shi J, Qian L, Zhang C, Wu K, Yang C, Yan D, Wu X, Liu X. Nucleostemin exerts anti-apoptotic function via p53 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:1064-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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SUN XIAOLI, JIA YU, WEI YUANYU, LIU SHUAI, YUE BAOHONG. Gene expression profiling of HL-60 cells following knockdown of nucleostemin using DNA microarrays. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:739-47. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Asadi MH, Derakhshani A, Mowla SJ. Concomitant upregulation of nucleostemin and downregulation of Sox2 and Klf4 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7177-85. [PMID: 24763828 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS) is a nucleolar protein involved in stem cell (SC) self-renewal by controlling cell cycle progression. In addition to SCs, NS is also expressed in some highly proliferating cells including several adult stem cells and cancer cell lines. NS knock-down in different cell lines demonstrated its cell type-dependent function in arresting cell cycle in either G1 or G2/M phases. Here, we have evaluated the expression of NS and iPS genes in 36 gastric cancer and their matched marginal nontumor tissues by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We have also examined a potential causative role of NS in gastric tumorigenesis by suppressing its expression in a gastric cancer cell line, AGS. Our data revealed that NS expression level is much higher in tumor tissues (p = 0.046), especially in high-grade ones (p < 0.001), whereas the expression of Klf4 and Sox2 is downregulated in tumor tissues compared to marginal nontumor samples (p < 0.001). Furthermore, NS suppression in the AGS cell line caused some morphological alterations, a cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and an upregulation of iPS genes: Nanog, Sox2, and Klf4. Based on our results, NS overexpression seems to have a causative role in gastric tumorigenesis and/or progression, and it could be considered as a potential tumor marker for diagnosis, molecular classification, and molecular therapy of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Hossein Asadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Kobayashi T, Masutomi K, Tamura K, Moriya T, Yamasaki T, Fujiwara Y, Takahashi S, Yamamoto J, Tsuda H. Nucleostemin expression in invasive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:215. [PMID: 24650343 PMCID: PMC3994431 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the cancer stem cell hypothesis has become widely accepted. Cancer stem cells are thought to possess the ability to undergo self-renewal and differentiation, similar to normal stem cells. Nucleostemin (NS), initially cloned from rat neural stem cells, binds to various proteins, including p53, in the nucleus and is thought to be a key molecule for stemness. NS is expressed in various types of cancers; therefore, its role in cancer pathogenesis is thought to be important. This study was conducted to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic impact of NS in invasive breast cancers. METHOD The correlation between NS immunoreactivity and clinicopathological parameters was examined in 220 consecutive surgically resected invasive breast cancer tissue samples by using tissue microarrays. The presence of nuclear NS and p53 immunoreactivity in 10% or more of cancer cells was considered as a positive result. RESULTS Among the 220 patients, 154 were hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, 22 HER2-positive/HR-negative, and 44 HR-negative/HER2-negative. One hundred and forty-two tumors (64.5%) showed NS positivity, and this positivity was significantly correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) (P = 0.050), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (P = 0.021), and p53 (P = 0.031) positivity. The patients with NS-positive tumors showed significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with NS-negative tumors. Furthermore, the patient group with NS- and p53-positive tumors showed significantly poorer prognosis than other patient groups. Multivariate analysis showed that NS status was an independent prognostic indicator. CONCLUSIONS NS may play a significant role in the determination of breast cancer progression in association with p53 alterations. The NS status of patients with luminal and HER2 type breast cancers may be a useful prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
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Amini S, Fathi F, Mobalegi J, Sofimajidpour H, Ghadimi T. The expressions of stem cell markers: Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, nucleostemin, Bmi, Zfx, Tcl1, Tbx3, Dppa4, and Esrrb in bladder, colon, and prostate cancer, and certain cancer cell lines. Anat Cell Biol 2014; 47:1-11. [PMID: 24693477 PMCID: PMC3968261 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2014.47.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled self-renewal plays a direct function in the progression of different types of carcinomas. The same molecular pathway that manages self-renewal in normal stem cells also seems to manage cancer stem cells. Here, we examine the expressions of self-renewal regulatory factors Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, nucleostemin, Zfx, Esrrb, Tcl1, Tbx3, and Dppa4 in tissue samples of colon, prostate, and bladder carcinomas as well as cancer cell lines HT-29, Caco-2, HT-1376, LNCaP, and HepG2. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to examine expressions of the above mentioned regulatory factors in cancer cell lines HT-29, Caco-2, HT-1376, LNCaP, and HepG2 and in 20 tumor tissue samples. Total RNA was isolated by the ISOGEN method. RNA integrity was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. Expressions of Oct4 and nucleostemin at the protein level were determined by immunocytochemistry. A significant relationship was found between tumor grade and self-renewal gene expression. Expressions of stem cell specific marker genes were detected in all examined cancer cell lines, in 40% to 100% of bladder cancer samples, and in 60% to 100% of colon and prostate cancer samples. Oct4 expressed in 100% of tumor tissue samples. Our data show that stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, nucleostemin, Bmi, Zfx, Esrrb, Tcl1, Tbx3, and Dppa4 significantly express in cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. Hence, these markers might be useful as potential tumor markers in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jafar Mobalegi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Tayyeb Ghadimi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Cell-selective gene silencing in prostate cancer LNCap cells using prostate-specific membrane antigen promoter and enhancer in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:863-72. [PMID: 22612256 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RNAi (RNA interference) has been widely used to silence specific genes. However, RNAi may also cause off-target silencing and elicit non-specific side effects. To achieve cell-specific gene silencing, a cell-selective promoter has to be used to drive RNAi expression. Furthermore, different terminators of cell-selective promoters may cause different silencing efficacies. In order to explore the best promoter and terminator combination and prove the cell-selective gene silencing effect of PSMAe/p (prostate-specific membrane antigen enhancer/promoter), we first constructed three plasmids by using PSMAe/p and three different terminators [poly(A), minipoly(A) and poly(U)] to explore the cell-selective driving ability of PSMAe/p by targeting EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) in LNCaP, PC-3, EJ and HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. Then we chose NS (nucleostemin), an important endogenous gene of prostate cancer, and constructed the NS-targeting shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) expression plasmid by using PSMAe/p-poly(A) combination. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and early apoptosis in vitro and xenograft tumour growth in BALB/c nude mice in vivo were detected after NS knockdown. Results showed that PSMAe/p can drive EGFP silencing in LNCaP, not in PC-3, EJ and HEK-293 cells and PSMAe/p-poly(A) combination achieved the best silencing efficacy. Then PSMAe/p-shNS-poly(A) drives NS knockdown in LNCaP cells, not in PC-3, EJ and HEK-293 cells. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated NS knockdown not only reduces cell proliferation rate, reduces the percentage of S-stage cells and increases the percentage of G1-stage cells and increases the early apoptosis ratio in LNCaP cells in vitro, but also inhibited the LNCaP xenograft tumour growth in BALB/c nude mice in vivo by intratumoural injection. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that PSMAe/p-poly(A) combination is a promising delivery system for targeted RNAi gene therapy of prostate cancer. We showed one effective antitumour strategy by targeting NS protein, an important target in prostate cancer, with PSMAe/p-shNS-poly(A). These results serve as an important step for developing novel strategies to treat prostate cancer.
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Gil-Ranedo J, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, García-Villanueva M, Medina D, del Álamo M, Izquierdo M. An off-target nucleostemin RNAi inhibits growth in human glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28753. [PMID: 22174890 PMCID: PMC3236221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) may contain a variable proportion of active cancer stem cells (CSCs) capable of self-renewal, of aggregating into CD133+ neurospheres, and to develop intracranial tumors that phenocopy the original ones. We hypothesized that nucleostemin may contribute to cancer stem cell biology as these cells share characteristics with normal stem cells. Here we report that nucleostemin is expressed in GBM-CSCs isolated from patient samples, and that its expression, conversely to what it has been described for ordinary stem cells, does not disappear when cells are differentiated. The significance of nucleostemin expression in CSCs was addressed by targeting the corresponding mRNA using lentivirally transduced short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In doing so, we found an off-target nucleostemin RNAi (shRNA22) that abolishes proliferation and induces apoptosis in GBM-CSCs. Furthermore, in the presence of shRNA22, GBM-CSCs failed to form neurospheres in vitro or grow on soft agar. When these cells are xenotransplanted into the brains of nude rats, tumor development is significantly delayed. Attempts were made to identify the primary target/s of shRNA22, suggesting a transcription factor involved in one of the MAP-kinases signaling-pathways or multiple targets. The use of this shRNA may contribute to develop new therapeutic approaches for this incurable type of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Gil-Ranedo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Sanitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mendiburu-Eliçabe
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Sanitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Medina
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Sanitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta del Álamo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Sanitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Izquierdo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Sanitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Yoshida R, Fujimoto T, Kudoh S, Nagata M, Nakayama H, Shinohara M, Ito T. Nucleostemin affects the proliferation but not differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1418-23. [PMID: 21443540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS) has been reported as essential for stem and cancer cell proliferation. To investigate the significance of NS in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), we examined NS expression in neoplastic tissue of the tongue and in OSCC cell lines. Nucleostemin expression in the histological samples showed positive correlation with Ki-67 expression. Furthermore, NS expression was associated with cellular proliferation in OSCC cell lines using siRNA, which upregulated p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Regarding OSCC differentiation, NS expression did not influence cornification or oral epithelial differentiation markers such as involucrin and cytokeratin19. Thus, NS is widely expressed in normal and neoplastic oral epithelial tissues, and is likely a marker of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Nikpour P, Mowla SJ, Jafarnejad SM, Fischer U, Schulz WA. Differential effects of Nucleostemin suppression on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and SW1710. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:762-9. [PMID: 19706044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Nucleostemin (NS) gene encodes a nucleolar protein enriched in adult and embryonic stem cells. NS is thought to regulate cancer cell proliferation, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of NS in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of NS was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in bladder carcinoma cell lines and in normal uro-epithelial cell cultures. We used an RNAi strategy to investigate the function of NS in two selected carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS High NS expression was found in most bladder carcinoma cell lines and normal uro-epithelial cells. Knockdown of NS expression induced a severe decline in cell proliferation in 5637 and SW1710 cell lines, both with mutant p53. Apoptosis was more strongly enhanced in 5637 cells lacking RB1 than in SW1710 cells lacking p16(INK4A). Moreover, NS-siRNA-treated 5637 cells accumulated mainly in G(2)/M, whereas SW1710 cells arrested in G(0)/G(1). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that NS expression is necessary for cell proliferation and evasion of apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, independent of its effect on p53. Also, we speculate that the precise effect of NS on cell cycle regulation may relate to functional status of RB1 and CDKN2A/p16(INK4A).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nikpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Ma H, Pederson T. Nucleostemin: a multiplex regulator of cell-cycle progression. Trends Cell Biol 2008; 18:575-9. [PMID: 18951797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS) is a protein concentrated in the nucleolus of most stem cells and also in many tumor cells, which has been implicated in cell-cycle progression owing to its ability to modulate p53. Depletion of NS causes G(1) cell-cycle arrest, but its overexpression does so as well. Recently, this paradox has been clarified. NS overexpression causes a sequestration of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), preventing the destruction of p53. A recent study has demonstrated that loss of NS promotes the interaction of L5 and L11 ribosomal proteins with MDM2 and, thus, also prevents p53 degradation. This new finding expands our understanding of the multiple modes of NS action and reinforces the concept that the nucleolus has key roles in cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhui Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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Are we ready for prostate cancer? Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200802020-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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