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Ismailov ZB, Belykh ES, Chernykh AA, Udoratina AM, Kazakov DV, Rybak AV, Kerimova SN, Velegzhaninov IO. Systematic review of comparative transcriptomic studies of cellular resistance to genotoxic stress. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108467. [PMID: 37657754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance by tumor cells to various types of therapy is a significant problem that decreases the effectiveness of oncology treatments. For more than two decades, comparative transcriptomic studies of tumor cells with different sensitivities to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents have been conducted in order to identify the causes and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. However, the results of such studies have little in common and often contradict each other. We have assumed that a systematic analysis of a large number of such studies will provide new knowledge about the mechanisms of development of therapeutic resistance in tumor cells. Our comparison of 123 differentially expressed gene (DEG) lists published in 98 papers suggests a very low degree of consistency between the study results. Grouping the data by type of genotoxic agent and tumor type did not increase the similarity. The most frequently overexpressed genes were found to be those encoding the transport protein ABCB1 and the antiviral defense protein IFITM1. We put forward a hypothesis that the role played by the overexpression of the latter in the development of resistance may be associated not only with the stimulation of proliferation, but also with the limitation of exosomal communication and, as a result, with a decrease in the bystander effect. Among down regulated DEGs, BNIP3 was observed most frequently. The expression of BNIP3, together with BNIP3L, is often suppressed in cells resistant to non-platinum genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, whereas it is increased in cells resistant to ionizing radiation. These observations are likely to be mediated by the binary effects of these gene products on survival, and regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. The combined data also show that even such obvious mechanisms as inhibition of apoptosis and increase of proliferation are not universal but show multidirectional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Ismailov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - E S Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - A A Chernykh
- Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 Pervomaiskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - A M Udoratina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - D V Kazakov
- Institute of Physics and Mathematics of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Oplesnina St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - A V Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - S N Kerimova
- State Medical Institution Komi Republican Oncology Center, 46 Nyuvchimskoe highway, Syktyvkar 167904, Russia
| | - I O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
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Liu S, Xing L, Zhang J, Wang K, Duan M, Wei M, Zhang B, Chang Z, Zhang H, Shang P. Expression pattern of CRYAB and CTGF genes in two pig breeds at different altitudes. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tibetan pigs are characterized by significant phenotypic differences relative to lowland pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that the genes CRYAB and CTGF were differentially expressed in heart tissues between Tibetan (highland breed) and Yorkshire (lowland breed) pigs, indicating that they might participate in hypoxia adaptation. CRYAB (ɑB-crystallin) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) have also been reported to be associated with lung development. However, the expression patterns of CRYAB and CTGF in lung tissues at different altitudes and their genetic characterization are not well understood. In this study, qRT-PCR and western blot of lung tissue revealed higher CRYAB expression levels in highland and middle-highland Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs than in their lowland counterparts. With an increase in altitude, the expression level of CTGF increased in Tibetan pigs, whereas it decreased in Yorkshire pigs. Furthermore, two novel single-nucleotide polymorphism were identified in the 5′ flanking region of CRYAB (g.39644482C>T and g.39644132T>C) and CTGF (g.31671748A>G and g.31671773T>G). The polymorphism may partially contribute to the differences in expression levels between groups at the same altitude. These findings provide novel insights into the high-altitude hypoxia adaptations of Tibetan pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Liu
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Xing
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People’s Republic of China
| | - J. Zhang
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People’s Republic of China
| | - K. Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China
| | - M. Duan
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People’s Republic of China
| | - M. Wei
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People’s Republic of China
| | - B. Zhang
- China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z. Chang
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China
| | - H. Zhang
- China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China
| | - P. Shang
- Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, People’s Republic of China; The Provincial and Ministerial co-founded collaborative innovation center for R & D in Tibet characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry resources, People’s Republic of China
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Velegzhaninov IO, Belykh ES, Rasova EE, Pylina YI, Shadrin DM, Klokov DY. Radioresistance, DNA Damage and DNA Repair in Cells With Moderate Overexpression of RPA1. Front Genet 2020; 11:855. [PMID: 32849834 PMCID: PMC7411226 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses to genotoxic stress, such as ionizing radiation, are intricately complex and involve hundreds of genes. Whether targeted overexpression of an endogenous gene can enhance resistance to ionizing radiation remains to be explored. In the present study we take an advantage of the CRISPR/dCas9 technology to moderately overexpress the RPA1 gene that encodes a key functional subunit of the replication protein A (RPA). RPA is a highly conserved heterotrimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex involved in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Dysfunction of RPA1 is detrimental for cells and organisms and can lead to diminished resistance to many stress factors. We demonstrate that HEK293T cells overexpressing RPA1 exhibit enhanced resistance to cell killing by gamma-radiation. Using the alkali comet assay, we show a remarkable acceleration of DNA breaks rejoining after gamma-irradiation in RPA1 overexpressing cells. However, the spontaneous rate of DNA damage was also higher in the presence of RPA1 overexpression, suggesting alterations in the processing of replication errors due to elevated activity of the RPA protein. Additionally, the analysis of the distributions of cells with different levels of DNA damage showed a link between the RPA1 overexpression and the kinetics of DNA repair within differentially damaged cell subpopulations. Our results provide knew knowledge on DNA damage stress responses and indicate that the concept of enhancing radioresistance by targeted alteration of the expression of a single gene is feasible, however undesired consequences should be considered and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena S Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena E Rasova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Yana I Pylina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Dmitry M Shadrin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Klokov
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Radiation-Stimulated Translocation of CD166 and CRYAB to the Endothelial Surface Provides Potential Vascular Targets on Irradiated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235830. [PMID: 31757032 PMCID: PMC6929092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular targeting with pro-thrombotic antibody-conjugates is a promising biological treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). However, targeted drug delivery relies on the identification of unique or overexpressed markers on the surface of a target cell. In the absence of inherent biological markers, stereotactic radiosurgery may be used to prime induction of site-specific and targetable molecular changes on the endothelial surface. To investigate lumen-accessible, endothelial targets induced by radiation, we combined Gamma knife surgery in an AVM animal model with in vivo biotin-labeling and comparative proteomics. Two proteins, αB-crystallin (CRYAB)-a small heat shock protein that normally acts as an intracellular chaperone to misfolded proteins-and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule CD166, were further validated for endothelial surface expression after irradiation. Immunostaining of endothelial cells in vitro and rat AVM tissue ex vivo confirmed de novo induction of CRYAB following irradiation (20 Gy). Western analysis demonstrated that CRYAB accumulated intracellularly as a 20 kDa monomer, but, at the cell surface, a novel 65 kDa protein was observed, suggesting radiation stimulates translocation of an atypical CRYAB isoform. In contrast, CD166 had relatively high expression in non-irradiated cells, localized predominantly to the lateral surfaces. Radiation increased CD166 surface exposure by inducing translocation from intercellular junctions to the apical surface without significantly altering total protein levels. These findings reinforce the dynamic molecular changes induced by radiation exposure, particularly at the cell surface, and support further investigation of radiation as a priming mechanism and these molecules as putative targets for focused drug delivery in irradiated tissue.
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Wu H, Yu J, Kong D, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Shui J, Li Z, Luo H, Wang K. Population and single‑cell transcriptome analyses reveal diverse transcriptional changes associated with radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1237-1248. [PMID: 31638164 PMCID: PMC6831193 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a tumor composed of heterogeneous cells that easily become radioresistant, which leads to tumor recurrence. The most commonly used treatment for ESCC is fractionated irradiation (FIR) therapy that utilizes ionizing radiation to directly induce cytotoxic cell death. However, this treatment may not be able to eliminate all cancer cells due to high adaptive evolution. To determine whether the transcriptome dynamics during ESCC recurrence formation are associated with FIR response, an in vitro cell culture model for ESCC radioresistance that mimics the common radiotherapy process in patients with ESCC was established in the present study. High‑throughput sequencing analysis of in vitro cultured ESCC cells was performed using different cumulative irradiation doses, as well as tumor samples from FIR‑treated patients with ESCC before and after the development of radioresistance. Radioresistance‑associated genes and signaling pathways that were aberrantly expressed in radioresistant ESCC cells were identified, including autophagy‑related 9B (regulation of autophagy), DNA damage‑inducible transcript 4, myoglobin and plasminogen activator tissue type, which are associated with response to hypoxia, Bcl2‑binding component 3, tumor protein P63 and interferon γ‑inducible protein 16, which are associated with DNA damage response. The heterogeneity and dynamic gene expression of ESCC cells during acquired radioresistance were further studied in primary (41 single cells), 12 Gy FIR‑treated (87 single cells) and 30 Gy FIR‑treated (89 single cells) cancer cells using a single‑cell RNA sequencing approach. The results of the present study comprehensively characterized the transcriptome dynamics during acquired radioresistance in an in vitro model of ESCC and patient tumor samples at the population and single cell level. Single‑cell RNA sequencing revealed the heterogeneity of irradiated ESCC cells and an increase in the radioresistant ESCC cell subpopulation during acquired radioresistance. Overall, these results are of potential clinical relevance as they identify a number of signaling molecules associated with radioresistance, as well as opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic options for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Juehua Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Deshengyue Kong
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shui
- Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine (Kunming Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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6
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Guan X, Fang Y, Long J, Zhang Y. Annexin 1-nuclear factor-κB-microRNA-26a regulatory pathway in the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:665-675. [PMID: 30756482 PMCID: PMC6449244 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Annexin 1 (ANXA1) expression is associated with the malignant tumor phenotype, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, little is known about the regulation of ANXA1 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We investigated the biological roles of ANXA1 in tumor growth, migration, and invasion, and explored the possibility of ANXA1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC. Results Our findings revealed that ANXA1 enhanced nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation in NSCLC cells by interaction with inhibitor of NF‐κB kinase complex subunit, IKKγ. We also found that NF‐κB could negatively regulate microRNA (miR)‐26a, and miR‐26a was regulated through the ANXA1–NF‐κB regulatory pathway. NF‐κB activation negatively regulated by miR‐26a was confirmed in NSCLC. Conclusion Together, these results provide evidence of the mechanisms of the ANXA1–NF‐κB–miR‐26a regulatory pathway in the invasion and migration in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, China
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Chishti AA, Baumstark-Khan C, Koch K, Kolanus W, Feles S, Konda B, Azhar A, Spitta LF, Henschenmacher B, Diegeler S, Schmitz C, Hellweg CE. Linear Energy Transfer Modulates Radiation-Induced NF-kappa B Activation and Expression of its Downstream Target Genes. Radiat Res 2018; 189:354-370. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14905.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Chishti
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Kristina Koch
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Feles
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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Seshacharyulu P, Baine MJ, Souchek JJ, Menning M, Kaur S, Yan Y, Ouellette MM, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Biological determinants of radioresistance and their remediation in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:69-92. [PMID: 28249796 PMCID: PMC5548591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in radiotherapy, a majority of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (PC) do not achieve objective responses due to the existence of intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. Identification of molecular mechanisms that compromise the efficacy of radiation therapy and targeting these pathways is paramount for improving radiation response in PC patients. In this review, we have summarized molecular mechanisms associated with the radio-resistant phenotype of PC. Briefly, we discuss the reversible and irreversible biological consequences of radiotherapy, such as DNA damage and DNA repair, mechanisms of cancer cell survival and radiation-induced apoptosis following radiotherapy. We further describe various small molecule inhibitors and molecular targeting agents currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies as potential radiosensitizers for PC. Notably, we draw attention towards the confounding effects of cancer stem cells, immune system, and the tumor microenvironment in the context of PC radioresistance and radiosensitization. Finally, we discuss the need for examining selective radioprotectors in light of the emerging evidence on radiation toxicity to non-target tissue associated with PC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael J Baine
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joshua J Souchek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Melanie Menning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chi Lin
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Gomez-Casal R, Epperly MW, Wang H, Proia DA, Greenberger JS, Levina V. Radioresistant human lung adenocarcinoma cells that survived multiple fractions of ionizing radiation are sensitive to HSP90 inhibition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44306-22. [PMID: 26517240 PMCID: PMC4792558 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the common usage of radiotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC, outcomes for these cancers when treated with ionizing radiation (IR) are still unsatisfactory. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance to IR is needed to design approaches to eliminate the radioresistant cells and prevent tumor recurrence and metastases. Using multiple fractions of IR we generated radioresistant cells from T2821 and T2851 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The radioresistant phenotypes present in T2821/R and T2851/R cells include multiple changes in DNA repair genes and proteins expression, upregulation of EMT markers, alterations of cell cycle distribution, upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling and elevated production of growth factors, cytokines, important for lung cancer progression, such as IL-6, PDGFB and SDF-1 (CXCL12). In addition to being radioresistant these cells were also found to be resistant to cisplatin. HSP90 is a molecular chaperone involved in stabilization and function of multiple client proteins implicated in NSCLC cell survival and radioresistance. We examined the effect of ganetespib, a novel HSP90 inhibitor, on T2821/R and T2851/R cell survival, migration and radioresistance. Our data indicates that ganetespib has cytotoxic activity against parental T2821 and T2851 cells and radioresistant T2821/R and T2851/R lung tumor cells. Ganetespib does not affect proliferation of normal human lung fibroblasts. Combining IR with ganetespib completely abrogates clonogenic survival of radioresistant cells. Our data show that HSP90 inhibition can potentiate the effect of radiotherapy and eliminate radioresistant and cisplatin -resistant residual cells, thus it may aid in reducing NSCLC tumor recurrence after fractionated radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gomez-Casal
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Joel S Greenberger
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vera Levina
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Current address: Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Fang Y, Guan X, Cai T, Long J, Wang H, Xie X, Zhang Y. Knockdown of ANXA1 suppresses the biological behavior of human NSCLC cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3858-66. [PMID: 27035116 PMCID: PMC4838122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a member of the annexin superfamily. Previous studies have reported that ANXA1 is highly expressed in various types of malignant tumor; however, its role in the progression of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be fully clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role of ANXA1 in NSCLC cells in vitro. RNA interference was used to downregulate ANXA1 expression in A549 and H1299 cells using a small interfering RNA lentiviral vector. Subsequently, cell proliferation and migration were detected using Cell Counting kit‑8, clone formation, wound healing and Transwell chamber assays. Successful transfection was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy, which demonstrated that ANXA1 had been efficiently inhibited. ANXA1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence suggesting that ANXA1 may contribute to the growth and invasion of NSCLC cell lines, and ANXA1 may be exploited as an in vitro therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Guan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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Mendes F, Antunes C, Abrantes AM, Gonçalves AC, Nobre-Gois I, Sarmento AB, Botelho MF, Rosa MS. Lung cancer: the immune system and radiation. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 72:78-84. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11666801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mendes
- Biophysics Unit-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
| | - C. Antunes
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School
| | - A. M. Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
| | - A. C. Gonçalves
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
- Applied Molecular Biology and Clinical University of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - I. Nobre-Gois
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra
| | - A. B. Sarmento
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
- Applied Molecular Biology and Clinical University of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - M. F. Botelho
- Biophysics Unit-IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine
| | - M. S. Rosa
- Immunology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhuang HQ, Zhuang H, Bo Q, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhao LJ, Yuan ZY, Wang P. Experimental study on the regulation of erlotinib-induced radiosensitization with an anti-c-MET monoclonal antibody. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:109. [PMID: 25505849 PMCID: PMC4263203 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Erlotinib is a novel therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. This study was performed to investigate the role of c-MET-PI3K-AKT pathway in the regulation of erlotinib-induced radiosensitization. METHODS A973 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with 6 Gy of radiation were incubated in the presence of erlotinib. The apoptotic rate after 24 hours, the colony-formating rate after 14 days, and changes in the c-MET expression levels after 14 days of irradiation were examined. Surviving fractions in different treatment groups (blank control, radiation alone, erlotinib alone, anti-c-MET monoclonal antibody alone, combined erlotinib and radiation, and combined erlotinib and radiation with anti-c-MET monoclonal antibody groups) were determined, the survival curves were plotted, and the sensitizer enhancement ratio was calculated using colony formation assays. Expressions of c-MET, p-c-MET, PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT in cells in different treatment groups were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The apoptotic rate in the combined erlotinib and radiation group was higher than those in single treatment groups; however, the colony-forming rate remained approximately 2.04 ± 1.02%. The expression of c-MET in colony-forming cells in the combined group significantly increased, and the blockade of c-MET activity significantly enhanced the radiosensitizing effect of erlotinib. The expression of c-Met, p-c-MET, PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT among colony-forming cells significantly decreased upon the inhibition of c-MET. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated activity of the c-MET-PI3K-AKT pathway was found to be important for cell survival under combined the treatment with erlotinib and radiation. The blockade of the c-MET-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway enhanced the radiosensitizing effect of erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Zhuang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong province China
| | - Qifu Bo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong province China
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
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13
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Amid A, Wan Chik WD, Jamal P, Hashim YZHY. Microarray and quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression profiles in response to treatment with tomato leaf extract in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 13:6319-25. [PMID: 23464452 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found cytotoxic effects of tomato leaf extract (TLE) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The aim of this study was to ascertain the molecular mechanisms associated with the usage of TLE as an anticancer agent by microarray analysis using mRNA from MCF-7 breast cancer cells after treatment with TLE for 1 hr and 48 hrs. Approximately 991 genes out of the 30,000 genes in the human genome were significantly (p<0.05) changed after the treatment. Within this gene set, 88 were significantly changed between the TLE treated cells and the untreated MCF-7 cells (control cells) with a cut-off fold change >2.00. In order to focus on genes that were involved in cancer cell growth, only twenty-nine genes were selected, either down-regulated or up-regulated after treatment with TLE. Microarray assay results were confirmed by analyzing 10 of the most up and down regulated genes related to cancer cells progression using real-time PCR. Treatment with TLE induced significant up-regulation in the expression of the CRYAB, PIM1, BTG1, CYR61, HIF1-α and CEBP-β genes after 1 hr and 48 hrs, whereas the TXNIP and THBS1 genes were up-regulated after 1 hr of treatment but down-regulated after 48 hrs. In addition both the HMG1L1 and HIST2H3D genes were down-regulated after 1 hr and 48 hrs of treatment. These results demonstrate the potent activity of TLE as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azura Amid
- Bioprocess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Yilmaz M, Karatas OF, Yuceturk B, Dag H, Yener M, Ozen M. Alpha-B-crystallin expression in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Head Neck 2014; 37:1344-8. [PMID: 24817638 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), being an aggressive malignancy, is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant types of head and neck SCC worldwide. The recent studies suggested that αB-crystallin might play an important role in tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the αB-crystallin expression level in metastatic and nonmetastatic laryngeal SCC tissues and to determine its prognostic significance. METHODS Alpha-B-crystallin expression status in metastatic, nonmetastatic laryngeal SCC, and normal tissue samples was investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS We demonstrated that the expression of αB-crystallin was significantly upregulated in laryngeal SCC tumor tissue samples in comparison with the corresponding normal tissues (p < .001), although no significant association has been found between αB-crystallin expression and either the metastatic potential or the T classification of the specimens. CONCLUSION Although expression of αB-crystallin is not statistically correlated with neck metastases, we demonstrated that αB-crystallin is significantly overexpressed in laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Yuceturk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Dag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Yener
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Unbiased analysis of pancreatic cancer radiation resistance reveals cholesterol biosynthesis as a novel target for radiosensitisation. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1139-49. [PMID: 25025965 PMCID: PMC4453840 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its promise as a highly useful therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC), the addition of external beam radiation therapy to PC treatment has shown varying success in clinical trials. Understanding PC radioresistance and discovery of methods to sensitise PC to radiation will increase patient survival and improve quality of life. In this study, we identified PC radioresistance-associated pathways using global, unbiased techniques. METHODS Radioresistant cells were generated by sequential irradiation and recovery, and global genome cDNA microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in radiosensitive and radioresistant cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to discover cellular pathways and functions associated with differential radioresponse and identify potential small-molecule inhibitors for radiosensitisation. The expression of FDPS, one of the most differentially expressed genes, was determined in human PC tissues by IHC and the impact of its pharmacological inhibition with zoledronic acid (ZOL, Zometa) on radiosensitivity was determined by colony-forming assays. The radiosensitising effect of Zol in vivo was determined using allograft transplantation mouse model. RESULTS Microarray analysis indicated that 11 genes (FDPS, ACAT2, AG2, CLDN7, DHCR7, ELFN2, FASN, SC4MOL, SIX6, SLC12A2, and SQLE) were consistently associated with radioresistance in the cell lines, a majority of which are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. We demonstrated that knockdown of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), a branchpoint enzyme of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, radiosensitised PC cells. FDPS was significantly overexpressed in human PC tumour tissues compared with healthy pancreas samples. Also, pharmacologic inhibition of FDPS by ZOL radiosensitised PC cell lines, with a radiation enhancement ratio between 1.26 and 1.5. Further, ZOL treatment resulted in radiosensitisation of PC tumours in an allograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Unbiased pathway analysis of radioresistance allowed for the discovery of novel pathways associated with resistance to ionising radiation in PC. Specifically, our analysis indicates the importance of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC radioresistance. Further, a novel radiosensitiser, ZOL, showed promising results and warrants further study into the universality of these findings in PC, as well as the true potential of this drug as a clinical radiosensitiser.
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ZHANG HANHAN, PANG MIN, DONG WEI, XIN JIAXUAN, LI YOUJIE, ZHANG ZICHENG, YU LIANG, WANG PINGYU, LI BAOSHENG, XIE SHUYANG. miR-511 induces the apoptosis of radioresistant lung adenocarcinoma cells by triggering BAX. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1473-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Im CN, Kim BM, Moon EY, Hong DW, Park JW, Hong SH. Characterization of H460R, a Radioresistant Human Lung Cancer Cell Line, and Involvement of Syntrophin Beta 2 (SNTB2) in Radioresistance. Genomics Inform 2013; 11:245-53. [PMID: 24465237 PMCID: PMC3897853 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2013.11.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A radioresistant cell line was established by fractionated ionizing radiation (IR) and assessed by a clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis, as well as zymography and a wound healing assay. Microarray was performed to profile global expression and to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to IR. H460R cells demonstrated increased cell scattering and acidic vesicular organelles compared with parental cells. Concomitantly, H460R cells showed characteristics of increased migration and matrix metalloproteinase activity. In addition, H460R cells were resistant to IR, exhibiting reduced expression levels of ionizing responsive proteins (p-p53 and γ-H2AX); apoptosis-related molecules, such as cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase; and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules, such as glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and C/EBP-homologous protein compared with parental cells, whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein was increased. Among DEGs, syntrophin beta 2 (SNTB2) significantly increased in H460R cells in response to IR. Knockdown of SNTB2 by siRNA was more sensitive than the control after IR exposure in H460, H460R, and H1299 cells. Our study suggests that H460R cells have differential properties, including cell morphology, potential for metastasis, and resistance to IR, compared with parental cells. In addition, SNTB2 may play an important role in radioresistance. H460R cells could be helpful in in vitro systems for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of and discovering drugs to overcome radioresistance in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Nim Im
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Da-Won Hong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Joung Whan Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Hong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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18
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Seo H, Kim W, Lee J, Youn B. Network-based approaches for anticancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1737-44. [PMID: 24085339 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from alterations of multiple signaling networks. Cancer networks have been identified as scale-free networks and may contain a functionally important key player called a hub that is linked to a large number of interactors. Since a hub can serve as a biological marker in a given network, targeting the hub could be an effective strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatment. Chemotherapies and radiotherapies are generally used to treat tumors not amenable to resection, and target single or multiple molecules associated with hubs. However, these therapies may unexpectedly induce the resistance of cancer cells to drugs and radiation. Cancer cells can overcome therapy-induced damage via the activation of back-up signaling pathways and flexible modulation of affected networks. These activities are considered to be the main reasons for chemoresistance and radioresistance, and subsequent failure of cancer therapies. Much effort is required to identify the key molecules that control the modulation of signaling networks in response to drugs and radiation. Network-based therapy that affects network flexibility, including rewired network structures and hub molecules in these networks, could minimize the occurrence of side-effects and be a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatments. This review is intended to offer an overview of current research efforts including ones focused on cancer-associated complex networks, their modulation in response to cancer therapy, and further strategies targeting networks that may improve cancer treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjeong Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kozono S, Ohuchida K, Ohtsuka T, Cui L, Eguchi D, Fujiwara K, Zhao M, Mizumoto K, Tanaka M. S100A4 mRNA expression level is a predictor of radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1601-8. [PMID: 23900547 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving poor outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer requires a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms contributing to radioresistance. We, therefore, sought to identify genes involved in the radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Two pancreatic cancer cell lines, CFPAC-1 and Capan-1, were repeatedly exposed to radiation, establishing two radioresistant cell lines. Gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays was performed to identify genes responsible for radioresistance. The levels of expression of mRNAs encoded by selected genes and their correlation with radiation dose resulting in 50% survival rate were analyzed in pancreatic cancer cell lines. The radiation dose resulting in a 50% survival rate was significantly higher in irradiated (IR) compared to parental CFPAC-1 cells (8.31 ± 0.85 Gy vs. 2.14 ± 0.04 Gy, P<0.0001), but was lower in IR compared with parental Capan-1 cells (2.66 ± 0.24 Gy vs. 2.25 ± 0.03 Gy, P=0.04). cDNA microarray analysis identified 4 genes, including S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), overexpressed and 23 genes underexpressed in the IR compared with the parental cell lines. The levels of S100A4 mRNA expression were correlated with radiation dose resulting in a 50% survival rate (Pearson's test, R2=0.81, P=0.0025). S100A4 mRNA expression may predict radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells and may play an important role in the poor response of pancreatic cancer cells to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kozono
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ke Q, Wu J, Ming B, Zhu S, Yu M, Wang Y, Hu C, Xu S, Luo Z. Identification of the PAG1 gene as a novel target of inherent radioresistance in human laryngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:678-84. [PMID: 22994656 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma, as a malignant tumor that occurs in the head and neck region, is widely treated by radiation, but in some cases, the cancer is radioresistant to the radiotherapy. The reason for the radioresistant response needs to be clinically understood. We designed our present study to identify the molecules that may be involved in this radioresistant response. In this study, we initially established the inherent radioresistant (Hep-2max) and radiosensitive (Hep-2min) cell lines from the parental laryngeal cancer cell line Hep-2. Furthermore, using microarray analysis, we identified a novel inherent radioresistance-related gene, phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains1 (PAG1). We showed that siRNA directed against PAG1 in a radioresistant (Hep-2max) cell line dramatically enhanced the radiosensitivity and IR-induced cell death. On the contrary, ectopic expression of PAG1 in radiosensitive (Hep-2min) cell lines led to radioresistance and suppressed the IR-induced cell death. Taken together, our results indicate that the PAG1 gene may be a novel, promising radiosensitization target for laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ke
- Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, China
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21
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de Llobet LI, Baro M, Figueras A, Modolell I, Da Silva MV, Muñoz P, Navarro A, Mesia R, Balart J. Development and characterization of an isogenic cell line with a radioresistant phenotype. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:189-97. [PMID: 22855182 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiation resistance is a major cause of death in cancer patients. Cancer cells react during radiotherapy by re-programming specific cell functions that may confer resistance to radiation. The understanding of this complex process is hindered due to the lack of appropriate study models. We describe an experimental development of a radioresistant isogenic cancer cell line, and its molecular characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A431-cultured cells were irradiated for 7 month until 85 Gy. Then, a selected single cell was left to grow as stable A431-R cell line. Clonogenic assay was used to determine cell survival, the α and β parameters of the LQ model, and the mean inactivation dose. The DNA repair ability of cells was evaluated by pulsed-field electrophoresis method. Differential effect of fractionated radiation was ultimately tested in xenografts. Furthermore, we used a wound healing assay, Western blot for EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2 and ELISA test for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Finally we explored CD44 marker and cell cycle distribution. RESULTS The established A431-R cell line showed radiation resistance in clonogenic assays, repair of radiation-induced DNA fragmentation and xenografted tumours. The radiation resistance was associated with in vitro higher cell growth and migration, increased levels of former oncoproteins, and secretion of VEGF. CONCLUSIONS In this model, the emergence of radiation resistance was associated with the acquisition of biological traits that support more aggressive behaviour of cancer cells. We have generated a model that will be useful for mechanistic studies and development of rational treatments against radiation resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara I de Llobet
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology - IDIBELL, Avda Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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22
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Fang X, Netzer M, Baumgartner C, Bai C, Wang X. Genetic network and gene set enrichment analysis to identify biomarkers related to cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 39:77-88. [PMID: 22789435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking is the most demonstrated risk factor for the development of lung cancer, while the related genetic mechanisms are still unclear. METHODS The preprocessed microarray expression dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Samples were classified according to the disease state, stage and smoking state. A new computational strategy was applied for the identification and biological interpretation of new candidate genes in lung cancer and smoking by coupling a network-based approach with gene set enrichment analysis. MEASUREMENTS Network analysis was performed by pair-wise comparison according to the disease states (tumor or normal), smoking states (current smokers or nonsmokers or former smokers), or the disease stage (stages I-IV). The most activated metabolic pathways were identified by gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Panels of top ranked gene candidates in smoking or cancer development were identified, including genes involved in cell proliferation and drug metabolism like cytochrome P450 and WW domain containing transcription regulator 1. Semaphorin 5A and protein phosphatase 1F are the common genes represented as major hubs in both the smoking and cancer related network. Six pathways, e.g. cell cycle, DNA replication, RNA transport, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, vascular smooth muscle contraction and endocytosis were commonly involved in smoking and lung cancer when comparing the top ten selected pathways. CONCLUSION New approach of bioinformatics for biomarker identification and validation can probe into deep genetic relationships between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Our studies indicate that disease-specific network biomarkers, interaction between genes/proteins, or cross-talking of pathways provide more specific values for the development of precision therapies for lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Oh JH, Wong HP, Wang X, Deasy JO. A bioinformatics filtering strategy for identifying radiation response biomarker candidates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38870. [PMID: 22768051 PMCID: PMC3387230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of biomarker candidates is often much larger than the number of clinical patient data points available, which motivates the use of a rational candidate variable filtering methodology. The goal of this paper is to apply such a bioinformatics filtering process to isolate a modest number (<10) of key interacting genes and their associated single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in radiation response, and to ultimately serve as a basis for using clinical datasets to identify new biomarkers. In step 1, we surveyed the literature on genetic and protein correlates to radiation response, in vivo or in vitro, across cellular, animal, and human studies. In step 2, we analyzed two publicly available microarray datasets and identified genes in which mRNA expression changed in response to radiation. Combining results from Step 1 and Step 2, we identified 20 genes that were common to all three sources. As a final step, a curated database of protein interactions was used to generate the most statistically reliable protein interaction network among any subset of the 20 genes resulting from Steps 1 and 2, resulting in identification of a small, tightly interacting network with 7 out of 20 input genes. We further ranked the genes in terms of likely importance, based on their location within the network using a graph-based scoring function. The resulting core interacting network provides an attractive set of genes likely to be important to radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harry P. Wong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph O. Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Wang N, Zhou F, Xiong H, Du S, Ma J, Okai I, Wang J, Suo J, Hao L, Song Y, Hu J, Shao S. Screening and Identification of Distant Metastasis-Related Differentially Expressed Genes in Human Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:748-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Ho PY, Chueh SC, Chiou SH, Wang SM, Lin WC, Lee IL, Yang HY, Peng HC, Lai MK. ΑB-crystallin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: tumor progression and prognostic significance. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1367-77. [PMID: 22417627 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AlphaB-crystallin (αB-crystallin), a small heat shock protein, has been reported to be involved in the growth, antiapoptosis, migration, and chemoresistance of human malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS αB-crystallin expression in normal renal and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues was examined with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis assays. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine the presence of αB-crystallin-positive tumor cells and staining intensity in 50 cases of ccRCC tissue samples. The association of αB-crystallin protein expression, clinicopathogic parameters and prognosis of ccRCC patients was also analyzed with Student's t-test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Moreover, Western blot assays were performed to detect the protein expression of αB-crystallin in normal and tumor tissues and the alteration of cell cycle regulators in αB-crystallin-overexpressing cells. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), BrdU, and transwell assays were performed to demonstrate the effects of αB-crystallin overexpression on cell growth, DNA synthesis and cell migration of ccRCC cells, respectively. RESULTS The results showed the up-regulation of αB-crystallin expression in ccRCC tissues. Overall survival of ccRCC patients was significantly correlated with αB-crystallin expression in tumor tissues. We found that αB-crystallin overexpression increased the expression of cyclin A and the incorporation of BrdU, which may be related to the enhancement of cell growth. Transwell analyses demonstrated that presence of αB-crystallin overexpression enhanced cell migration in ccRCC cells. Furthermore, rapamycin-resistance of tumor cells was induced when αB-crystallin was overexpressed. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental findings highlight the importance of αB-crystallin in the tumor growth, migration, and target therapy-resistance of ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Ho
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Solute carrier protein family may involve in radiation-induced radioresistance of non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1739-47. [PMID: 21909646 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To find new signaling pathways that may be involved in the cellular response to ionizing radiation. METHODS Two radioresistant subclones (A549/R and SPCA1/R) derived from lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and SPCA1 were established after eight rounds of sublethal irradiation. The new subclones were tested for radioresistant features using clonogenic assay and apoptosis analysis. The genes expressed differentially were screened with cDNA microarray analysis consisting of 48,000 transcript probes and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Stable and significant radioresistance was observed in the screened subclones. The microarray analysis showed 65 genes were up-regulated and 141 genes down-regulated in SPCA1/R cells. The up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 708 and 230 in A549/R cells, respectively. Twenty-seven altered genes were consistent in both subclones. Interestingly, members the of human solute carrier (SLC) gene superfamily were among in 27 genes. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed genes in both cell lines may contribute to their radioresistant phenotype. This extensive list of genes identified in the experiment provides a large body of potentially valuable information for studying the molecular mechanism(s) of radiosensitivity and identification of candidate molecular markers of radiation sensitivity. Thus, to our knowledge, the SLC gene superfamily is the first being reported to involve in acquired radioresistance.
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Wang N, Zhang P, Guo X, Zhou Z, Sha J. Hnrnpk, a protein differentially expressed in immature rat ovarian development, is required for normal primordial follicle assembly and development. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1024-35. [PMID: 21190960 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ovarian follicles and subsequent development after birth are critical processes for female reproduction, and inappropriate coordination of these processes contributes to ovarian pathologies, such as premature ovarian failure and infertility. Identification and functional investigation of the factors involved in follicular assembly and the initial recruitment will be of great significance to the understanding of the female reproduction process. In this study, we examined the roles of transcription factor heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (Hnrnpk) in rat primordial folliculogenesis using RNA interference knockdown strategies. Reducing Hnrnpk mRNA levels via Hnrnpk small interfering RNAs to neonatal ovaries resulted in a substantial loss of naked oocytes, primordial and primary follicles. Structure disorganization of the ovary characterized by groups of oocytes arranged in nests, clusters of somatic cells not associated with any oocytes and many highly condensed oocyte nuclei was observed. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay demonstrated that these abnormalities may be partially attributable to abnormal apoptosis of oocytes. Furthermore, the microarray analysis showed that 63 genes changed significantly (≥2-folds or ≤0.5-fold) between the ovaries treated with Hnrnpk small interfering RNAs and the controls, with 22 up-regulated genes and 41 down-regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes were involved in several critical biological processes in ovarian development. These results suggest that transcription factor Hnrnpk is a key regulator for primordial follicle assembly and development, which provides a new potential therapeutic target to regulate ovarian function and treat ovarian disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningling Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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STAT-Related Profiles Are Associated with Patient Response to Targeted Treatments in Locally Advanced SCCHN. Transl Oncol 2011; 4:47-58. [PMID: 21286377 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab (Erbitux, CTX) is currently used for the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN), as yet with modest effectiveness, prompting for the identification of response predictors to this treatment and for the targeting of additional pathways implicated in this disease. Within this scope, we investigated the effect of SRC/STAT pathway components on LA-SCCHN patient outcome. SRC, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B, ANXA1, CAV1, IGFBP2, EPHA2, EPHB2, and MSN relative gene expression, as well as Stat protein activation, were assessed on LA-SCCHN tumor tissues from 35 patients treated with combined radiotherapy (RT) and CTX-based regimens. Stat1, Stat3, and Stat5 proteins were usually found activated in neoplastic nuclei (70.4%, 85.7%, and 70.8%, respectively). Activated Stat3 and Stat5 were associated with each other (P = .017) and with a CAV1(high)/MSN(high)/IGFBP2(low) profile. All patients with tumors expressing high STAT5A/EPHA2 experienced a complete response on RT-CTX-based treatments (12/15 complete responders, P < .0001) and a longer progression-free survival (P = .024). Few tumors expressed high ANXA1/CAV1/EPHA2 and low IGFBP2, a putative dasatinib response-related profile, whereas high ANXA1 was associated with shorter overall survival (P = .003). In conclusion, Stat activation is common in LA-SCCHN, where overexpression of STAT5A and EPHA2 may predict for response to RT-CTX treatments. The STAT5A/EPHA2 profile seems of particular interest for validation in larger cohorts and in multiple tumor types because markers for the positive selection of patients to benefit from CTX-containing treatments are currently lacking.
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Desarnaud F, Geck P, Parkin C, Carpinito G, Makarovskiy AN. Gene expression profiling of the androgen independent prostate cancer cells demonstrates complex mechanisms mediating resistance to docetaxel. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:204-12. [PMID: 21057205 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.2.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer patients remain partially understood. We generated docetaxel resistant derivatives of the androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145. Docetaxel rapidly induces DU-145 cell death via apoptosis and the drug resistant cells were produced by periodically exposing proliferating DU-145 cultures to small doses of docetaxel. In PC-3 cells docetaxel induces delayed cell death via mitotic catastrophe evident by profound multinucleation and formation of giant cells. Mononucleated progeny of the giant PC-3 cells shows significant resistance to docetaxel. Gene expression profiling of these docetaxel resistant PC-3 cells revealed sets of docetaxel inducible and constitutively expressed genes associated with major cancer pathways. A contradictory overlap with DU-145 docetaxel resistant cells was also found. Analyses suggested significant changes associated with apoptotic function, DNA repair, cell growth, survival and proliferation, metabolism, maintenance of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix formation. These cellular processes often contribute to drug resistance and our study identified a set of genes managing this phenotype. Additional analyses of the drug resistant PC-3 cells using shRNA constructs determined direct relevance of Cyclin G2 to docetaxel resistance as well as prevention of multinucleation, whereas the knockdown of upregulated CYP1B1 showed no effect on either of these processes. Downregulated GBP1 was explored by ectopic overexpression and even though GBP1 has a potential to mediate resistance to docetaxel, it was not utilized in PC-3 cells. The results suggest complex combination of gene expression pattern changes that enables resistance to docetaxel while preventing death via multinucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Desarnaud
- Department of Urology, Tufts Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Alterations of the gene expression profile in renal cell carcinoma after treatment with the histone deacetylase-inhibitor valproic acid and interferon-alpha. World J Urol 2010; 29:779-86. [PMID: 20640575 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly resistant to chemotherapy and unresponsive to radio- and immunotherapy. Recently, we have documented that the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) in combination with low-dosed interferon (IFN)-alpha significantly inhibits RCC proliferation and adhesion in vitro and in vivo. The current study investigated the effects of these compounds on gene transcription of metastatic RCC cell line Caki-1 after 3 and 5 days exposure. METHODS To evaluate the gene expression profiles of the RCC cells, we performed microarray analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip. Selected significant genes were further validated by Real Time PCR. RESULTS Microarray revealed that VPA altered genes that are involved in cell growth, cell survival, immune response, cell motility and cell adhesion. Combination of VPA with IFN-alpha not only enhanced the effects on gene transcription but also resulted in the expression of novel genes, which were not induced by either VPA or IFN-alpha alone. Among the up-regulated genes were chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16) and integrins (ITGA2, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGA7). Genes encoding for adhesion molecules (NCAM1, ICAM1, VCAM1) were also modulated. Real Time PCR approved these findings. CONCLUSION This data provides insight into the molecular mechanism of action of the combined treatment of VPA and IFN-alpha in RCC. Implications are that the combined application of VPA and IFN-alpha may represent a more efficient alternative to existing therapy options for RCC.
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Lee YS, Oh JH, Yoon S, Kwon MS, Song CW, Kim KH, Cho MJ, Mollah ML, Je YJ, Kim YD, Kim CD, Lee JH. Differential gene expression profiles of radioresistant non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines established by fractionated irradiation: tumor protein p53-inducible protein 3 confers sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77:858-66. [PMID: 20510196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the widespread use of radiotherapy as a local and regional modality for the treatment of cancer, some non-small-cell lung cancers commonly develop resistance to radiation. We thus sought to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS We established the radioresistant cell line H460R from radiosensitive parental H460 cells. To identify the radioresistance-related genes, we performed microarray analysis and selected several candidate genes. RESULTS Clonogenic and MTT assays showed that H460R was 10-fold more resistant to radiation than H460. Microarray analysis indicated that the expression levels of 1,463 genes were altered more than 1.5-fold in H460R compared with parental H460. To evaluate the putative functional role, we selected one interesting gene tumor protein p53-inducible protein 3 (TP53I3), because that this gene was significantly downregulated in radioresistant H460R cells and that it was predicted to link p53-dependent cell death signaling. Interestingly, messenger ribonucleic acid expression of TP53I3 differed in X-ray-irradiated H460 and H460R cells, and overexpression of TP53I3 significantly affected the cellular radiosensitivity of H460R cells. CONCLUSIONS These results show that H460R may be useful in searching for candidate genes that are responsible for radioresistance and elucidating the molecular mechanism of radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Lee
- Toxicogenomics Team, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
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