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Chabay P, Lens D, Hassan R, Rodríguez Pinilla SM, Valvert Gamboa F, Rivera I, Huamán Garaicoa F, Ranuncolo SM, Barrionuevo C, Morales Sánchez A, Scholl V, De Matteo E, Preciado MV, Fuentes-Pananá EM. Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2166. [PMID: 32759793 PMCID: PMC7464376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are lymphomagenic viruses with region-specific induced morbidity. The RIAL-CYTED aims to increase the knowledge of lymphoma in Latin America (LA), and, as such, we systematically analyzed the literature to better understand our risk for virus-induced lymphoma. We observed that high endemicity regions for certain lymphomas, e.g., Mexico and Peru, have a high incidence of EBV-positive lymphomas of T/NK cell origin. Peru also carries the highest frequency of EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), than any other LA country. Adult T cell lymphoma is endemic to the North of Brazil and Chile. While only few cases of KSHV-positive lymphomas were found, in spite of the close correlation of Kaposi sarcoma and the prevalence of pathogenic types of KSHV. Both EBV-associated HL and Burkitt lymphoma mainly affect young children, unlike in developed countries, in which adolescents and young adults are the most affected, correlating with an early EBV seroconversion for LA population despite of lack of infectious mononucleosis symptoms. High endemicity of KSHV and HTLV infection was observed among Amerindian populations, with differences between Amazonian and Andean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Chabay
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; (P.C.); (E.D.M.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Daniela Lens
- Flow Cytometry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas/Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | - Rocio Hassan
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, National Cancer Institute “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministry of Health, 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | | | - Fabiola Valvert Gamboa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and National League against Cancer, 01011 Guatemala City, Guatemala;
| | - Iris Rivera
- Department of Hematology, Salvadoran Institute of Social Security, Medical Surgical and Oncological Hospital (ISSS), 1101 San Salvador, El Salvador;
| | - Fuad Huamán Garaicoa
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute—Society to Fight Cancer (ION-SOLCA), Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Stella Maris Ranuncolo
- Cell Biology Department, Institute of Oncology “Angel H. Roffo” School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1417DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Carlos Barrionuevo
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, National University of San Marcos, 15038 Lima, Peru;
| | - Abigail Morales Sánchez
- Research Unit in Virology and Cancer, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Vanesa Scholl
- Department of Integrated Genomic Medicine, Conciencia-Oncohematologic Institute of Patagonia, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina;
| | - Elena De Matteo
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; (P.C.); (E.D.M.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Ma. Victoria Preciado
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina; (P.C.); (E.D.M.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Research Unit in Virology and Cancer, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico;
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Borda MA, Svibel GR, Biglione MM, Berini CA. [Detection of Human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Cosmopolitan subtype Transcontinental subgroup (Aa) and HTLV-2 subtype b in blood donors of Corrientes]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 51:307-315. [PMID: 30935721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular epidemiological study was conducted in a population of 9422 blood donors in the province of Corrientes, Northeastern Argentina, to determine the prevalence of Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2), the phylogenetic identification of HTLV-1 and 2 subtypes/subgroups and perform a mutation analysis. Based on the results obtained, it was shown that both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are circulating in a low-risk population of Corrientes, although with a similar prevalence to that of non-endemic areas. Phylogenetic studies identified the HTLV-1 Cosmopolitan subtype Transcontinental subgroup (Aa), and the HTLV-2 subtype b. Infected donors reported neither a history of risk factors such as transfusions, intravenous drug use, nor risky or HTLV-1/2 seropositive sexual partners. These results suggest that these viruses were transmitted from mother to child, possibly from generation to generation, and that these strains were introduced into the Caucasian population of this region from ancestors originating from endemic areas of the country either from or through contact with individuals from other countries years ago. Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in the province of Corrientes. Moreover, although the province can be considered a non-endemic area, the need to include these retroviruses in a national Public Health program is highlighted, in order to have qualified professionals duly trained to make their diagnosis and provide the necessary information in relation to primary care and patient follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Borda
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Instituto de Cardiología de Corrientes Juana F. Cabral, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Graciela R Svibel
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Mirna M Biglione
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina A Berini
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Eirin ME, Berini CA, Jones LR, Dilernia DA, Puca AA, Biglione MM. Stable human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype a/subgroup a endemicity in Amerindians from Northwest Argentina: a health problem to be resolved. J Med Virol 2011; 82:2116-22. [PMID: 20981802 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Jujuy province, in Northwest Argentina, is known to be endemic for HTLV-1 infection. Moreover, foci of HTLV-1 associated pathologies have also been described in this region. To gain an insight into the current situation of HTLV-1/2 in this endemic area, a seroprevalence and phylogenetic study was performed among a Kolla community from Abra Pampa city and surroundings. Out of 112 individuals, 11 (9.8%) were confirmed as HTLV-1 positive and no HTLV-2 infection was detected. The phylogenetic analysis of the LTR region showed that all the HTLV-1 sequences belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype a/transcontinental subgroup A, and were closely related to reference sequences from Peru, Argentina, and the South of Brazil (P = 0.82). Considering the cultural and historical features of this community and in spite of the mandatory detection of anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies in blood banks since 2005, it would be important to implement new public health measures focused on decreasing HTLV-1 transmission in this endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Eirin
- National Reference Center for AIDS, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Iñiguez AM, Otsuki K, Gastaldello R, Gallego S, Vicente ACP. HTLV-1a tax gene and long terminal repeat sequences from Argentinean strains reveal disagreement with tax restriction fragment length polymorphism subtyping. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23:1127-30. [PMID: 17919108 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2007.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence and cluster analysis have shown two HTLV-1a tax gene subgroups, tax A and tax B, which are related to long terminal repeat (LTR) molecular subtypes. On the basis of subgroup-specific nucleotide substitutions, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the tax gene for subtyping HTLV-1a isolates was proposed. In this study we genetically characterized the tax gene from 63 HTLV-1-positive Argentinean individuals, including 14 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and 49 healthy HTLV-1 carriers. RFLP analysis showed that 48 samples yielded the tax A profile (76.19%) and that 15 samples contained the uncut tax B profile (23.81%). However, the LTR and tax sequence analysis revealed that in fact only 2 from the 15 samples belonged to the HTLV-1aB subgroup, presenting four tax B subgroup-specific nucleotide substitutions. The tax gene cluster analysis also confirmed that the majority of Argentinean strains belonged to the Transcontinental HTLV-1aA subgroup. These results indicate that the tax gene RFLP assay which has been proposed and used by some authors to screen HTLV-1a subgroups, is not a suitable tool to perform molecular epidemiological characterization of HTLV-1a populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena M. Iñiguez
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rene Gastaldello
- Laboratory of Human Lymphotropic Viruses, School of Medicine, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Gallego
- Laboratory of Human Lymphotropic Viruses, School of Medicine, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina P. Vicente
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Berini CA, Eirin ME, Pando MA, Biglione MM. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) infection among seroindeterminate cases in Argentina. J Med Virol 2006; 79:69-73. [PMID: 17133550 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) seroindeterminate cases have been reported among blood donors (BD) and in at-risk populations worldwide, including Argentina. The objective of the present work was to study the presence of HTLV-I/II infection and its association to specific Western blot (WB) patterns among healthy BD and at-risk populations in Argentina. We analyzed 83 HTLV-I/II seroindeterminate WB cases diagnosed among BD (n = 49) and in different at-risk populations (n = 34) for human retroviruses infections. Multiple indeterminate WB patterns were observed. Out of the total, 13.2% (11/83) of the cases were found to be HTLV-I/II positive by nested-PCR (n-PCR), including 13.2% (11/83) HTLV-I and 2.4% (2/83) presenting HTLV-I and -II co-infection. Most of their serological profiles showed reactivity to gag or env codified proteins. Two samples amplified only one of the six analyzed genes (1 HTLV-I pol gene and 1 HTLV-II tax gene). There was no association between the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and an HTLV-I/II indeterminate WB pattern (only 3 of the 83 samples were positive for T. cruzi antibodies). In conclusion, the majority of HTLV-seroindeterminate WB donors lacked HTLV provirus and was thus considered uninfected. However, when seroreactivity to Env and Gag proteins are observed on the WB and especially in at-risk populations, HTLV infection should be suspected; such individuals should be followed-up and retested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Berini
- Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Immunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Biglione MM, Astarloa L, Salomón HE. High prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II among blood donors in Argentina: a South American health concern. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2005; 21:1-4. [PMID: 15665638 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2005.21.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After an HTLV-I endemic area was discovered in Jujuy, a northwestern province in Argentina, to detect other possible foci of HTLV-I/II we started in 1997 a multicentric study to estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-I/II including blood banks from different regions of the country. Out of 123,233 samples from nine different provinces, 68 proved seropositive with a final prevalence of 0.05% (95% CI = 0.0432-0.0704%). The seroprevalence ranged from 0.03 to 0.16% depending on the geographic location. An HTLV-I [odds ratio (OR) 12.7, 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.43-47.60] prevalence significantly greater was found in the northwest (Salta Province) and a nonsignificant but higher prevalence of HTLV-II in the North (Chaco). Two (0.001%) of the seropositive blood donors reported risk factors due to receiving transfusions and 19 (0.01%) were born in HTLV-I/II South American endemic areas. Although Argentina has been considered a nonendemic country for HTLV-I/II, the need for systematic screening for such infection became imperative based on the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna M Biglione
- Centro Nacional de Referencia para el SIDA (CNRS), Departamento Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gastaldello R, Hall WW, Gallego S. Seroepidemiology of HTLV-I/II in Argentina: an overview. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 35:301-8. [PMID: 15076246 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200403010-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the results of seroepidemiologic studies of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) infections in different population groups in Argentina have been compiled. The studies have shown a high prevalence of HTLV-I/II infection in blood donors in the provinces in the north of Argentina (1.0% in Jujuy, 0.7% in Salta, and 0.6% in Formosa) and a low prevalence in the provinces in the central region of the country (<or=0.1%). High rates of HTLV-I (0.45%-2.78%) and HTLV-II (2.78%-21.9%) infections have been documented in Native Indian groups and have highlighted the importance of sexual and mother-to-child transmission of the viruses. The presence of HTLV-I/II antibodies in HIV-infected individuals indicates that both viruses are circulating in certain high-risk population groups. HTLV-I/II was detected in intravenous drug users (2.56%-21.7%), homosexual men (0.5-1.33%), prostitutes (0.8%), and hemophiliacs (2.8%). In conclusion, HTLV-I/II infection is circulating in low- and high-risk populations in Argentina, and these findings would support the view that selective screening for HTLV-I/II should be implemented to reduce the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Gastaldello
- Laboratory of Human Lymphotropic Virus, Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, National University of Córdoba, Argentina.
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Biglione MM, Pizarro M, Salomón HE, Berría MI. A possible case of myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in an Argentinian woman with human T lymphocyte virus type II. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:456-8. [PMID: 12884173 DOI: 10.1086/376620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2003] [Accepted: 03/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of neurological disease featuring human T lymphocyte virus-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) was diagnosed by serological (Western blot) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction) criteria as related to human T lymphocyte virus (HTLV)-II infection. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of this kind found in Argentina and is additional evidence that HAM/TSP solely related to HTLV-II infection occurs in HTLV-I-negative subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna M Biglione
- National Reference Center for AIDS, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Human Retroviruses, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Biglione MM, Pizarro M, Puca A, Salomón HE, Berría MI. A cluster of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in Jujuy, Argentina. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003; 32:441-5. [PMID: 12640204 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200304010-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compared with other regions in Argentina, greater human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) seroprevalence has been reported in Jujuy Province, where it reaches 2.32% in the general population, so that a search for HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) cases deserved to be carried out. Accordingly, a clinically diagnosed and serologically confirmed cluster of cases in 1 man and 10 women, including 2 sisters, is described here. Most patients (9/11) were born in Cochinoca Department, located in an Andes highland area called Puna Jujeña, situated at more that 3400 m above sea level. No history of risk factors was disclosed, except for a single transfusion in 1 patient. In contrast to the Andean region of Bolivia, where high HTLV-I seroprevalence is in part attributable to Japanese immigrants, the Jujuy population mainly consists of aborigines, mestizos, and European descendants. Therefore, the long-term presence of virus in Jujuy natives may be taken for granted. Considering the HAM/TSP cluster described here plus previously reported isolated cases in neighboring Salta Province, we speculate that the Puna Jujeña region and regions in that vicinity would be a microepidemic focus of disease. To determine the role of possible pathogenic cofactors such as geographic, ethnic, genetic, and cultural features, further pertinent surveys are required in subtropical northwestern Argentina.
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Remesar M, Mangano A, Sen L, del Pozo A. Profile of human T-cell lymphocytotrophic virus-I/II infections in an Argentinean blood bank population. Vox Sang 2002; 83:364-5. [PMID: 12437526 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2002.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Catalan-Soares BC, Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti ABDF. Os vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanos (HTLV) na última década (1990-2000): aspectos epidemiológicos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2001000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinte anos após o isolamento do vírus linfotrópico humano tipo I, muitos aspectos epidemiológicos, patogênicos e filogenéticos já estão esclarecidos. Sabe-se que em regiões endêmicas a prevalência aumenta com a idade e é maior no sexo feminino. Três patologias estão claramente relacionadas a ele: paraparesia espástica tropical / mielopatia associada ao HTLV, leucemia de células T do adulto e uveíte. Os modos de infecção, semelhantes aos dos outros retrovírus, são: transfusão de sangue, relações sexuais não protegidas, transplacentária e durante o aleitamento materno. A história natural das doenças relacionadas ao HTLV-I ainda não está bem estabelecida. O risco de portadores da infecção desenvolverem patologias depende de mais estudos de incidência para serem corretamente estimados. Menos se conhece sobre o HTLV-II. A despeito do alto grau de homologia entre os dois tipos, os vírus interagem de forma bem diversa com os infectados, não havendo uma associação clara de doença com o HTLV-II. Relatos recentes têm apontado sua participação em casos de mielopatia crônica semelhante à TSP/HAM. As implicações incertas do prognóstico para pessoas infectadas pelo vírus linfotrópico humano (HTLV-I/II) e suas formas de transmissão constituem um problema de saúde pública, principalmente em áreas consideradas endêmicas para esse vírus.
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