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Young EC, Baumgartner JT, Karatan E, Kuhn ML. A mutagenic screen reveals NspS residues important for regulation of Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33502310 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation in the human intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae is in part regulated by norspermidine, spermidine and spermine. V. cholerae senses these polyamines through a signalling pathway consisting of the periplasmic protein, NspS, and the integral membrane c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase MbaA. NspS and MbaA belong to a proposed class of novel signalling systems composed of periplasmic ligand-binding proteins and membrane-bound c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases containing both GGDEF and EAL domains. In this signal transduction pathway, NspS is hypothesized to interact with MbaA in the periplasm to regulate its phosphodiesterase activity. Polyamine binding to NspS likely alters this interaction, leading to the activation or inhibition of biofilm formation depending on the polyamine. The purpose of this study was to determine the amino acids important for NspS function. We performed random mutagenesis of the nspS gene, identified mutant clones deficient in biofilm formation, determined their responsiveness to norspermidine and mapped the location of these residues onto NspS homology models. Single mutants clustered on two lobes of the NspS model, but the majority were found on a single lobe that appeared to be more mobile upon norspermidine binding. We also identified residues in the putative ligand-binding site that may be important for norspermidine binding and interactions with MbaA. Ultimately, our results provide new insights into this novel signalling pathway in V. cholerae and highlight differences between periplasmic binding proteins involved in transport versus signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Young
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Jackson T Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ece Karatan
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Misty L Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ambrosini YM, Neuber S, Borcherding D, Seo YJ, Segarra S, Glanemann B, Garden OA, Müller U, Adam MG, Dang V, Borts D, Atherly T, Willette AA, Jergens A, Mochel JP, Allenspach K. Treatment With Hydrolyzed Diet Supplemented With Prebiotics and Glycosaminoglycans Alters Lipid Metabolism in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:451. [PMID: 32851029 PMCID: PMC7406657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, immunologically mediated intestinal disorder, resulting from the complex interaction of genetic, environmental and immune factors. Hydrolyzed diets are used in dogs with food-responsive diarrhea (FRD) to reduce adverse responses to immunostimulatory proteins. Prebiotics (PRBs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have previously been demonstrated to show anti-inflammatory activity in the intestinal mucosa. Notably, hydrolyzed diets combined with the administration of PRBs and GAGs offer a promising approach for the treatment of canine IBD. Our aim was to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed diet and GAG+PRB co-treatment on the serum metabolomic profile of IBD dogs. Dogs with IBD randomly received either hydrolyzed diet supplemented with GAGs and PRBs (treatment 1) or hydrolyzed diet alone (treatment 2) for 10 weeks. A targeted metabolomics approach using mass spectrometry was performed to quantify changes in the serum metabolome before and after treatment and between treatment 1 and 2. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and univariate statistics were used to identify differences between the treatment groups. PCA, PLS-DA, and HCA showed a clear clustering of IBD dogs before and after hydrolyzed diet, indicating that the treatment impacted the serum metabolome. Univariate analysis revealed that most of the altered metabolites were involved in lipid metabolism. The most impacted lipid classes were components of cell membranes, including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and di- and triglycerides. In addition, changes in serum metabolites after GAG+PRB co-treatment suggested a possible additional beneficial effect on the lipid metabolism in IBD dogs. In conclusion, the present study showed a significant increase in metabolites that protect gut cell membrane integrity in response to hydrolyzed diet alone or in combination with GAG+PRB co-treatment. Administration of such treatment over 70 days improved selected serum biomarkers of canine IBD, possibly indicating improved intestinal membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko M. Ambrosini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Dana Borcherding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yeon-Jung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | | | - Oliver A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania College of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Udo Müller
- Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Viet Dang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - David Borts
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Todd Atherly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Auriel A. Willette
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Albert Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Fernández-Reina A, Urdiales JL, Sánchez-Jiménez F. What We Know and What We Need to Know about Aromatic and Cationic Biogenic Amines in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Foods 2018; 7:E145. [PMID: 30181486 PMCID: PMC6164962 DOI: 10.3390/foods7090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines derived from basic and aromatic amino acids (B/A-BAs), polyamines, histamine, serotonin, and catecholamines are a group of molecules playing essential roles in many relevant physiological processes, including cell proliferation, immune response, nutrition and reproduction. All these physiological effects involve a variety of tissue-specific cellular receptors and signalling pathways, which conforms to a very complex network that is not yet well-characterized. Strong evidence has proved the importance of this group of molecules in the gastrointestinal context, also playing roles in several pathologies. This work is based on the hypothesis that integration of biomedical information helps to reach new translational actions. Thus, the major aim of this work is to combine scientific knowledge on biomolecules, metabolism and physiology of the main B/A-BAs involved in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to point out important gaps in information and other facts deserving further research efforts in order to connect molecular information with pathophysiological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Reina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - José Luis Urdiales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras & IBIMA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras & IBIMA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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Cross sectional evaluation of the gut-microbiome metabolome axis in an Italian cohort of IBD patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9523. [PMID: 28842640 PMCID: PMC5573342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of uncertain origin, which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The composition of gut microbiota may change in IBD affected individuals, but whether dysbiosis is the cause or the consequence of inflammatory processes in the intestinal tissue is still unclear. Here, the composition of the microbiota and the metabolites in stool of 183 subjects (82 UC, 50 CD, and 51 healthy controls) were determined. The metabolites content and the microbiological profiles were significantly different between IBD and healthy subjects. In the IBD group, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria were significantly increased, whereas Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria were decreased. At genus level Escherichia, Faecalibacterium, Streptococcus, Sutterella and Veillonella were increased, whereas Bacteroides, Flavobacterium, and Oscillospira decreased. Various metabolites including biogenic amines, amino acids, lipids, were significantly increased in IBD, while others, such as two B group vitamins, were decreased in IBD compared to healthy subjects. This study underlines the potential role of an inter-omics approach in understanding the metabolic pathways involved in IBD. The combined evaluation of metabolites and fecal microbiome can be useful to discriminate between healthy subjects and patients with IBD.
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Galitsopoulou A, Michaelidou AM, Menexes G, Alichanidis E. Polyamine profile in ovine and caprine colostrum and milk. Food Chem 2015; 173:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Goforth JB, Walter NE, Karatan E. Effects of polyamines on Vibrio cholerae virulence properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60765. [PMID: 23593304 PMCID: PMC3622680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the severe enteric disease cholera. To cause cholera the bacterium must be able to synthesize both cholera toxin (CT) and toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) which mediates autoagglutination and is required for colonization of the small intestine. Only a few environmental signals have been shown to regulate V. cholerae virulence gene expression. Polyamines, which are ubiquitous in nature, and have been implicated in regulating virulence gene expression in other bacteria, have not been extensively studied for their effect on V. cholerae virulence properties. The objective of this study was to test the effect of several polyamines that are abundant in the human intestine on V. cholerae virulence properties. All of the polyamines tested inhibited autoagglutination of V. cholerae O1 classical strain in a concentration dependent manner. Putrescine and cadaverine decreased the synthesis of the major pilin subunit, TcpA, spermidine increased its production, and spermine had no effect. Putrescine and spermidine led to a decrease and increase, respectively, on the relative abundance of TCP found on the cell surface. Spermine led to a small reduction in cholera toxin synthesis whereas none of the other polyamines had an effect. The polyamines did not affect pili bundling morphology, but caused a small reduction in CTXφ transduction, indicating that the TCP present on the cell surface may not be fully functional. We hypothesize the inhibition of autoagglutination is likely to be caused by the positively charged amine groups on the polyamines electrostatically disrupting the pili-pili interactions which mediate autoagglutination. Our results implicate that polyamines may have a protective function against colonization of the small intestine by V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bradley Goforth
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Emmanuel Walter
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ece Karatan
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Matsumoto M, Kibe R, Ooga T, Aiba Y, Kurihara S, Sawaki E, Koga Y, Benno Y. Impact of intestinal microbiota on intestinal luminal metabolome. Sci Rep 2012; 2:233. [PMID: 22724057 PMCID: PMC3380406 DOI: 10.1038/srep00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight metabolites produced by intestinal microbiota play a direct role in health and disease. In this study, we analyzed the colonic luminal metabolome using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with time-of-flight (CE-TOFMS) -a novel technique for analyzing and differentially displaying metabolic profiles- in order to clarify the metabolite profiles in the intestinal lumen. CE-TOFMS identified 179 metabolites from the colonic luminal metabolome and 48 metabolites were present in significantly higher concentrations and/or incidence in the germ-free (GF) mice than in the Ex-GF mice (p < 0.05), 77 metabolites were present in significantly lower concentrations and/or incidence in the GF mice than in the Ex-GF mice (p < 0.05), and 56 metabolites showed no differences in the concentration or incidence between GF and Ex-GF mice. These indicate that intestinal microbiota highly influenced the colonic luminal metabolome and a comprehensive understanding of intestinal luminal metabolome is critical for clarifying host-intestinal bacterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Matsumoto
- Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo 190-0182, Japan.
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Matsumoto M, Sakamoto M, Benno Y. Dynamics of fecal microbiota in hospitalized elderly fed probiotic LKM512 yogurt. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:421-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kobayashi M, Xu YJ, Samejima K, Goda H, Niitsu M, Takahashi M, Hashimoto Y. Fate of orally administered 15N-labeled polyamines in rats bearing solid tumors. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:285-8. [PMID: 12612433 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in the gastrointestinal tract using (15)N-labeled polyamines as tracers and ionspray ionization mass spectrometry (IS-MS). The relatively simple protocol using rats bearing solid tumors provided useful information. Three (15)N-labeled polyamines that were simultaneously administered were absorbed equally from gastrointestinal tract, and distributed within tissues at various concentrations. The uptake of (15)N-spermidine seemed preferential to that of (15)N-spermine since the concentrations of (15)N-spermidine in the liver and tumors were higher, whereas those of (15)N-spermine were higher in the kidney, probably due to the excretion of excess extracellular spermine. Most of the absorbed (15)N-putrescine seemed to be lost, suggesting blood and tissue diamine oxidase degradation. Concentrations of (15)N-spermidine and (15)N-spermine in the tumor were low. We also describe the findings from two rats that were administered with (15)N-spermine. The tissue concentrations of (15)N-spermine were unusually high, and significant levels of (15)N-spermidine were derived from (15)N-spermine in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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Turchanowa L, Shvetsov AS, Demin AV, Khomutov AR, Wallace HM, Stein J, Milovic V. Insufficiently charged isosteric analogue of spermine: interaction with polyamine uptake, and effect on Caco-2 cell growth. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 64:649-55. [PMID: 12167484 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We characterised a novel, charge-insufficient isosteric analogue of spermine, 11-[(amino)oxy]-4,9-diaza-1-aminoundecane (AOSPM). This analogue was synthesised by displacing aminopropyl group by aminooxyethyl group, the latter having pK(a) of about 5. Charge deficiency of the AOSPM molecule was fixed at a definite atom, while pK(a) of the rest nitrogen was similar to the parent polyamine. AOSPM competed with putrescine, spermidine and spermine for the uptake into the cell, and was accumulated in the cells in high amounts when exogenous polyamine synthesis was impaired. It was not recognised by the cells as growth-promoting polyamine, since it was unable to restore growth arrest due to polyamine deprivation. Like natural spermine, this polyamine analogue prevented oxidative DNA damage. AOSPM could be used not only as a tool to study polyamine homeostasis in the cell, but may have distinct applications either as radiation protector, a stable and non-toxic inhibitor of polyamine uptake or, as an appropriate vector, to enhance the uptake of impermeable compounds into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Turchanowa
- Second Department of Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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