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Li Y, Xia X, Hou W, Lv H, Liu J, Li X. How Effective are Metal Nanotherapeutic Platforms Against Bacterial Infections? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1109-1128. [PMID: 36883070 PMCID: PMC9985878 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s397298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has been deemed a global crisis that affects humans worldwide. Novel anti-infection strategies are desperately needed because of the limitations of conventional antibiotics. However, the increasing gap between clinical demand and antimicrobial treatment innovation, as well as the membrane permeability obstacle especially in gram-negative bacteria fearfully restrict the reformation of antibacterial strategy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of adjustable apertures, high drug-loading rates, tailorable structures, and superior biocompatibilities, enabling their utilization as drug delivery carriers in biotherapy applications. Additionally, the metal elements in MOFs are usually bactericidal. This article provides a review of the state-of-The-art design, the underlying antibacterial mechanisms and antibacterial applications of MOF- and MOF-based drug-loading materials. In addition, the existing problems and future perspectives of MOF- and MOF-based drug-loading materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Hou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Lv
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Alam MZ, Aqil F, Ahmad I, Ahmad S. Incidence and transferability of antibiotic resistance in the enteric bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:799-806. [PMID: 24516448 PMCID: PMC3910192 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and production of β-lactamases including extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESβL) in enteric bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater. Among sixty-nine isolates, tested for antibiotic sensitivity, 73.9% strains were resistant to ampicillin followed by nalidixic acid (72.5%), penicillin (63.8%), co-trimoxazole (55.1%), norfloxacin (53.6%), methicillin (52.7%), cefuroxime (39.1%), cefotaxime (23.2%) and cefixime (20.3%). Resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and doxycycline was recorded in less than 13% of the strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a high level of resistance (800-1600 μg/mL) to one or more antibiotics. Sixty three (91%) isolates produced β-lactamases as determined by rapid iodometric test. Multiple antibiotic resistances were noted in both among ESβL and non-ESβL producers. The β-lactamases hydrolyzed multiple substrates including penicillin (78.8% isolates), ampicillin (62.3%), cefodroxil (52.2%), cefotoxime (21.7%) and cefuroxime (18.8%). Fifteen isolates producing ESβLs were found multidrug resistant. Four ESβL producing isolates could transfer their R-plasmid to the recipient strain E. coli K-12 with conjugation frequency ranging from 7.0 × 10(-3) to 8.8 × 10(-4). The findings indicated that ESβL producing enteric bacteria are common in the waste water. Such isolates may disseminate the multiple antibiotic resistance traits among bacterial community through genetic exchange mechanisms and thus requires immediate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shamim Ahmad
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, JN Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Nosocomial acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to both ciprofloxacin and imipenem: a risk factor and laboratory analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:565-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Montefour K, Frieden J, Hurst S, Helmich C, Headley D, Martin M, Boyle DA. Acinetobacter baumannii: An Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen in Critical Care. Crit Care Nurse 2008. [DOI: 10.4037/ccn2008.28.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Montefour
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Kerry Montefour is the director of the infection control program
| | - Jeanne Frieden
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Jeanne Frieden is an infection control practitioner
| | - Sue Hurst
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Sue Hurst is a critical care clinical nurse specialist in medical-surgical and transplant intensive care units
| | - Cindy Helmich
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Cindy Helmich is the director of nursing for the medical cardiology service and inpatient wound care
| | - Denielle Headley
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Denielle Headley is the nurse education specialist for the medical-surgical and transplant intensive care unit
| | - Mary Martin
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Mary Martin is the associate director of the antimicrobial management team
| | - Deborah A. Boyle
- All authors are associated with Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
- Deborah A. Boyle is the practice outcomes nurse specialist and Magnet coordinator
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Pea F, Viale P, Furlanut M. Antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients: a review of pathophysiological conditions responsible for altered disposition and pharmacokinetic variability. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006; 44:1009-34. [PMID: 16176116 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200544100-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobials are among the most important and commonly prescribed drugs in the management of critically ill patients. Selecting the appropriate antimicrobial at the commencement of therapy, both in terms of spectrum of activity and dose and frequency of administration according to concentration or time dependency, is mandatory in this setting. Despite appropriate standard dosage regimens, failure of the antimicrobial treatment may occur because of the inability of the antimicrobial to achieve adequate concentrations at the infection site through alterations in its pharmacokinetics due to underlying pathophysiological conditions. According to the intrinsic chemicophysical properties of antimicrobials, hydrophilic antimicrobials (beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides) have to be considered at much higher risk of inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variations than lipophilic antimicrobials (macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, rifampicin [rifampin]) in critically ill patients, with significant frequent fluctuations of plasma concentrations that may require significant dosage adjustments. For example, underexposure may occur because of increased volume of distribution (as a result of oedema in sepsis and trauma, pleural effusion, ascites, mediastinitis, fluid therapy or indwelling post-surgical drainage) and/or enhanced renal clearance (as a result of burns, drug abuse, hyperdynamic conditions during sepsis, acute leukaemia or use of haemodynamically active drugs). On the other hand, overexposure may occur because of a drop in renal clearance caused by renal impairment. Care with all these factors whenever choosing an antimicrobial may substantially improve the outcome of antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients. However, since these situations may often coexist in the same patient and pharmacokinetic variability may be unpredictable, the antimicrobial policy may further benefit from real-time application of therapeutic drug monitoring, since this practice, by tailoring exposure to the individual patient, may consequently be helpful both in improving the outcome of antimicrobial therapy and in containing the spread of resistance in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology and Medicine, Medical School, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a serious nosocomial pathogen, and more recent reports in the scientific literature underscore the potential issues with emerging community-MRSA. MRSA is reported to be involved in > 50% of hospital S. aureus infections, more in the intensive care unit (ICU) than the non-ICU, and increases in multi-drug resistant MRSA and increasingly virulent MRSA have been reported. Together with its broad-based beta-lactam resistance, MRSA often possesses a multi-drug resistance genotype, including cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolide resistances. MRSA has now emerged as the predominant nosocomial Gram-positive pathogen, and it has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Action must be taken to contain and eradicate MRSA through a combination of infection control, the development of novel anti-MRSA agents, development of vaccines and other non-traditional approaches of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Barrett
- Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Knauer A, Fladerer P, Strempfl C, Krause R, Wenisch C. Effect of hospitalization and antimicrobial therapy on antimicrobial resistance of colonizing Staphylococcus epidermidis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004; 116:489-94. [PMID: 15379145 DOI: 10.1007/bf03040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous infections with multi-resistant S. epidermidis are among the leading causes of nosocomial infections. The effect of hospitalization and antimicrobial therapy on antimicrobial resistance of colonizing staphylococci was determined from swabs of the nose, hand, axilla and groin from 157 patients on one day. Hospitalization for >72 hours, compared with <72 hours, was associated with a higher percentage of isolates resistant to oxacillin (56% versus 19%), gentamicin (40% versus 15%), trimethoprim (36% versus 17%), clindamycin (56% versus 17%), and fusidic acid (20% versus 4%; p < 0.01 for all), but not to rifampicin (6% versus 1%) or fosfomycin (43% versus 34%, p > 0.05 for both). Concurrent antimicrobial therapy resulted in increased resistance to oxacillin (61% versus 28%), gentamicin (43% versus 20%), and clindamycin (60% versus 26%; p < 0.01 for all), but not to trimethoprim (39% versus 23%), fusidic acid (19% versus 9%), rifampicin (6% versus 3%), or fosfomycin (46% versus 38%, p > 0.05 for all). The increase in resistant isolates was not independent, since hospitalization and antimicrobial therapy were correlated (p < 0.001). After adjustment for potential risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, central venous catheters, and hemodialysis, the odds ratio for oxacillin resistance was 2.8-3.6. None of the risk factors showed statistically significant results, except for the presence of neoplastic disease, which had a significant interaction (P=0.035). The within-subgroup odds ratios for patients with and without neoplasm were 4.2 (95% CI, 2.3-5.7) and 2.1 (95% CI, 0.78-3.12), respectively. These results show that hospitalization for more than three days, with or without antimicrobial therapy, and the presence of neoplastic disease are associated with increased antimicrobial resistance in colonizing S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Knauer
- Department of Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
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