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Hsu CL, Wen YT, Hsu TC, Chen CC, Lee LY, Chen WP, Tsai RK. Neuroprotective Effects of Erinacine A on an Experimental Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1504. [PMID: 36675019 PMCID: PMC9864134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Erinacine A (EA), a natural neuroprotectant, is isolated from a Chinese herbal medicine, Hericium erinaceus. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of EA in a rat model of traumatic optic neuropathy. The optic nerves (ONs) of adult male Wistar rats were crushed using a standardized method and divided into three experimental groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control)-treated group, standard EA dose-treated group (2.64 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of PBS), and double EA dose-treated group (5.28 mg/kg in 0.5 mL of PBS). After ON crush, each group was fed orally every day for 14 days before being euthanized. The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and RGC apoptosis were determined using flash visual-evoked potentials (fVEP) analysis, retrograde Fluoro-Gold labelling, and TdT-dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Macrophage infiltration of ON was detected by immunostaining (immunohistochemistry) for ED1. The protein levels of phosphor-receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase1 (pRIP1), caspase 8 (Cas8), cleaved caspase 3 (cCas3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, tumour necrosis factor receptor1 (TNFR1), interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were evaluated by Western blotting. When comparing the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group with the PBS-treated group, fVEP analysis showed that the amplitudes of P1−N2 in the standard EA dose group and the double EA dose-treated group were 1.8 and 2.4-fold, respectively, higher than that in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The density of RGC in the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group were 2.3 and 3.7-fold, respectively, higher than that in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The TUNEL assay showed that the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group had significantly reduced numbers of apoptotic RGC by 10.0 and 15.6-fold, respectively, compared with the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). The numbers of macrophages on ON were reduced by 1.8 and 2.2-fold in the standard EA dose-treated group and the double EA dose-treated group, respectively (p < 0.01). On the retinal samples, the levels of pRIP, Cas8, cCas3, TNF-α, TNFR1, IL-1β, and iNOS were decreased, whereas those of Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD1 were increased in both EA-treated groups compared to those in the PBS-treated group (p < 0.05). EA treatment has neuroprotective effects on an experimental model of traumatic optic neuropathy by suppressing apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress to protect the RGCs from death as well as preserving the visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chao Hsu
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Administration Office, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grap King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Lee
- Biotech Research Institute, Grap King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grap King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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2
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Chalela JA. Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: The Forgotten Concussion. Mil Med 2023; 188:398-400. [PMID: 35302167 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral concussions are a well-recognized issue in military and civilian practice. Although most physicians are well versed in recognizing concussion symptoms, many are not as adept at diagnosing and managing comorbid traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Traumatic optic neuropathy typically follows cerebral concussions but is often not diagnosed as its symptoms are attributed to brain injury or the presence of altered consciousness impedes its recognition. We hereby describe a soldier who sustained a cerebral concussion with an associated unrecognized TON. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Chalela
- Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Battalion Surgeon, 1-151 ARB Battalion, South Carolina Army National Guard, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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3
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Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of current studies. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:1895-1913. [PMID: 35034261 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of craniofacial trauma that directly or indirectly damages the optic nerve and can cause severe vision loss. The incidence of TON has been gradually increasing in recent years. Research on the protection and regeneration of the optic nerve after the onset of TON is still at the level of laboratory studies and which is insufficient to support clinical treatment of TON. And, due to without clear guidelines, there is much ambiguity regarding its diagnosis and management. Clinical interventions for TON include observation only, treatment with corticosteroids alone, or optic canal (OC) decompression (with or without steroids). There is controversy in clinical practice concerning which treatment is the best. A review of available studies shows that the visual acuity of patients with TON can be significantly improved after OC decompression surgery (especially endoscopic transnasal/transseptal optic canal decompression (ETOCD)) with or without the use of corticosteroids. And new findings of laboratory studies such as mitochondrial therapy, lipid change studies, and other studies in favor of TON therapy have also been identified. In this review, we discuss the evolving perspective of surgical treatment and experimental study.
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Kang EYC, Liu PK, Wen YT, Quinn PMJ, Levi SR, Wang NK, Tsai RK. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases Associated with Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1948. [PMID: 34943051 PMCID: PMC8750806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases associated with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible blindness worldwide. It is characterized by visual field defects and progressive optic nerve atrophy. The underlying pathophysiology and mechanisms of RGC degeneration in several ocular diseases remain largely unknown. RGCs are a population of central nervous system neurons, with their soma located in the retina and long axons that extend through the optic nerve to form distal terminals and connections in the brain. Because of this unique cytoarchitecture and highly compartmentalized energy demand, RGCs are highly mitochondrial-dependent for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Recently, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been found to be the principal mechanisms in RGC degeneration as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the role of oxidative stress in several ocular diseases associated with RGC degenerations, including glaucoma, hereditary optic atrophy, inflammatory optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, and drug toxicity. We also review experimental approaches using cell and animal models for research on the underlying mechanisms of RGC degeneration. Lastly, we discuss the application of antioxidants as a potential future therapy for the ocular diseases associated with RGC degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97403, Taiwan;
| | - Peter M. J. Quinn
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.M.J.Q.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Sarah R. Levi
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.M.J.Q.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97403, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97403, Taiwan
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Tse BC, Dvoriantchikova G, Tao W, Gallo RA, Lee JY, Pappas S, Brambilla R, Ivanov D, Tse DT, Pelaez D. Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition in the Acute Management of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2905-2912. [PMID: 30025145 PMCID: PMC5989875 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effectiveness of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, in conferring neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and improving visual outcomes after optic nerve trauma with either optic nerve crush (ONC) or sonication-induced traumatic optic neuropathy (SI-TON) in mice. Methods Mouse optic nerves were unilaterally subjected to ONC (n = 20) or SI-TON (n = 20). TNF expression was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in optic nerves harvested 6 and 24 hours post ONC (n = 10) and SI-TON (n = 10). Mice in each injury group received daily subcutaneous injections of either etanercept (10 mg/kg of body weight; five mice) or vehicle (five mice) for 7 days. Pattern electroretinograms were performed on all mice at 1 and 2 weeks after injury. ONC mice were killed at 2 weeks after injury, while SI-TON mice were euthanized at 4 weeks after injury. Whole retina flat-mounts were used for RGC quantification. Results Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR showed upregulation of TNF protein and gene expression within 24 hours after injury. In both models, etanercept use immediately following optic nerve injury led to higher RGC survival when compared to controls, which was comparable between the two models (24.23% in ONC versus 20.42% in SI-TON). In both models, 1 and 2 weeks post injury, mice treated with etanercept had significantly higher a-wave amplitudes than untreated injured controls. Conclusions Treatment with etanercept significantly reduced retinal damage and improved visual function in both animal models of TON. These findings suggest that reducing TNF activity in injured optic nerves constitutes an effective therapeutic approach in an acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Tse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Galina Dvoriantchikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Ryan A Gallo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - John Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Steven Pappas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Dmitry Ivanov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - David T Tse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
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6
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Evanson NK, Guilhaume-Correa F, Herman JP, Goodman MD. Optic tract injury after closed head traumatic brain injury in mice: A model of indirect traumatic optic neuropathy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197346. [PMID: 29746557 PMCID: PMC5944994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult male C57BL/6J mice have previously been reported to have motor and memory deficits after experimental closed head traumatic brain injury (TBI), without associated gross pathologic damage or neuroimaging changes detectable by magnetic resonance imaging or diffusion tensor imaging protocols. The presence of neurologic deficits, however, suggests neural damage or dysfunction in these animals. Accordingly, we undertook a histologic analysis of mice after TBI. Gross pathology and histologic analysis using Nissl stain and NeuN immunohistochemistry demonstrated no obvious tissue damage or neuron loss. However, Luxol Fast Blue stain revealed myelin injury in the optic tract, while Fluoro Jade B and silver degeneration staining revealed evidence of axonal neurodegeneration in the optic tract as well as the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and superior colliculus (detectable at 7 days, but not 24 hours, after injury). Fluoro Jade B staining was not detectable in other white matter tracts, brain regions or in cell somata. In addition, there was increased GFAP staining in these optic tract, lateral geniculate, and superior colliculus 7 days post-injury, and morphologic changes in optic tract microglia that were detectable 24 hours after injury but were more prominent 7 days post-injury. Interestingly, there were no findings of degeneration or gliosis in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is also heavily innervated by the optic tract. Using micro-computed tomography imaging, we also found that the optic canal appears to decrease in diameter with a dorsal-ventral load on the skull, which suggests that the optic canal may be the site of injury. These results suggest that there is axonal degeneration in the optic tract and a subset of directly innervated areas, with associated neuroinflammation and astrocytosis, which develop within 7 days of injury, and also suggest that this weight drop injury may be a model for studying indirect traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K. Evanson
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernanda Guilhaume-Correa
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James P. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Goodman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Chan W, Almasieh M, Catrinescu MM, Levin LA. Cobalamin-Associated Superoxide Scavenging in Neuronal Cells Is a Potential Mechanism for Vitamin B 12-Deprivation Optic Neuropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:160-172. [PMID: 29037851 PMCID: PMC5745528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic deficiency of vitamin B12 is the only nutritional deficiency definitively proved to cause optic neuropathy and loss of vision. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Optic neuropathies are associated with death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons that project their axons along the optic nerve to the brain. Injury to RGC axons causes a burst of intracellular superoxide, which then signals RGC apoptosis. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was recently shown to be a superoxide scavenger, with a rate constant similar to superoxide dismutase. Given that vitamin B12 deficiency causes an optic neuropathy through unknown mechanisms and that it is a potent superoxide scavenger, we tested whether cobalamin, a vitamin B12 vitamer, would be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo. We found that cobalamin scavenged superoxide in neuronal cells in vitro treated with the reduction-oxidation cycling agent menadione. In vivo confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy demonstrated that optic nerve transection in Long-Evans rats increased superoxide levels in RGCs. The RGC superoxide burst was significantly reduced by intravitreal cobalamin and resulted in increased RGC survival. These data demonstrate that cobalamin may function as an endogenous neuroprotectant for RGCs through a superoxide-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Chan
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Almasieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria-Magdalena Catrinescu
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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8
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Tao W, Dvoriantchikova G, Tse BC, Pappas S, Chou TH, Tapia M, Porciatti V, Ivanov D, Tse DT, Pelaez D. A Novel Mouse Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Using External Ultrasound Energy to Achieve Focal, Indirect Optic Nerve Injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11779. [PMID: 28924145 PMCID: PMC5603527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a devastating cause of permanent visual loss following blunt injury to the head. Animal models for TON exist, but most fail to recapitulate the clinical scenario of closed head indirect trauma to the nerve and subsequent neurodegeneration. Thus, we developed a clinically-relevant animal model for TON using a novel ultrasonic pulse injury modality (sonication-induced TON; SI-TON). To trigger TON, a microtip probe sonifier was placed on the supraorbital ridge directly above the entrance of the optic nerve into the bony canal. An ultrasonic pulse was then delivered to the optic nerve. After injury, the number of RGCs in the retina as well as visual function measured by PERG steadily decreased over a two-week period. In the optic nerve, pro-inflammatory markers were upregulated within 6 hours following injury. Immunohistochemistry showed activation of microglia and infiltration of CD45-positive leukocytes in the optic nerve and initiation of a gliotic response. The SI-TON model is capable of delivering a non-contact concussive injury to the optic nerve and induce TON in mice. Thus, our data indicate that the SI-TON model reliably recapitulates the pathophysiology and progressive neurodegeneration seen in the human manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Tao
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Galina Dvoriantchikova
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Brian C Tse
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Steven Pappas
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Chou
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Manuel Tapia
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Vittorio Porciatti
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Dmitry Ivanov
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David T Tse
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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Lin SF, Chien JY, Kapupara K, Huang CYF, Huang SP. Oroxylin A promotes retinal ganglion cell survival in a rat optic nerve crush model. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640893 PMCID: PMC5480866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of oroxylin A on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and the activation of microglial cells in a rat optic nerve (ON) crush model. Methods Oroxylin A (15mg/Kg in 0.2ml phosphate-buffered saline) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control) was immediately administered after ON crush once by subcutaneous injection. Rats were euthanized at 2 weeks after the crush injury. The density of RGC was counted by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold and immunostaining of retina flat mounts for Brn3a. Electrophysiological visual function was assessed by flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP). TUNEL assay, immunoblotting analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the retinas, and immunohistochemistry of GFAP in the retinas and ED1 in the ON were evaluated. Results Two weeks after the insult, the oroxylin A-treated group had significantly higher FG labeled cells and Brn3a+ cells suggesting preserved RGC density in the central and mid-peripheral retinas compared with those of the PBS-treated group. FVEP measurements showed a significantly better preserved latency of the P1 wave in the ON-crushed, oroxylin A-treated rats than the ON-crushed, PBS treated rats. TUNEL assays showed fewer TUNEL positive cells in the ON-crushed, oroxylin A-treated rats. The number of ED1 positive cells was reduced at the lesion site of the optic nerve in the ON-crushed, oroxylin A-treated group. Increased GFAP expression in the retina was reduced greatly in ON-crushed, oroxylin A-treated group. Furthermore, administration of oroxylin A significantly attenuated ON crush insult-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in the retinas. Conclusions These results demonstrated that oroxylin A hasss neuroprotective effects on RGC survival with preserved visual function and a decrease in microglial infiltration in the ONs after ON crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Chien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of systems neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kishan Kapupara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CYFH); (SPH)
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CYFH); (SPH)
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Chien JY, Sheu JH, Wen ZH, Tsai RK, Huang SP. Neuroprotective effect of 4-(Phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one on optic nerve crush model in rats. Exp Eye Res 2015; 143:148-57. [PMID: 26472213 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effect of coral-related compound, 4-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-one (4-PSB-2) on optic nerves (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in a rat model subjected to ON crush. The ONs of adult male Wistar rat (150-180 g) were crushed by a standardized method. The control eyes received a sham operation. 4-PSB-2 (5 mg/kg in 0.2 mL phosphate-buffered saline) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control) was immediately administered after ON crush once by subcutaneous injection. Rats were euthanized at 2 weeks after the crush injury. RGC density was counted by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold (FG) application to the superior colliculus, and visual function was assessed by flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP). TUNEL assay, immunoblotting analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the retinas, and immunohistochemistry of ED1 in the ON were evaluated. Two weeks after the insult, the RGC densities in the central and mid-peripheral retinas in ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated rats were significantly higher than that of the corresponding ON-crushed, PBS-treated rats FVEP measurements showed a significantly better preserved latency of the P1 wave in the ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated rats than the ON-crushed, PBS treated rats. TUNEL assays showed fewer TUNEL positive cells in the ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated rats. The number of ED1 positive cells was reduced at the lesion site of the optic nerve in the ON-crushed, 4-PSB-2-treated group. Furthermore, administration of 4-PSB-2 significantly attenuated ON crush insult-stimulated iNOS and COX2 expression in the retinas. These results demonstrated that 4-PSB-2 protects RGCs and helps preserve the visual function in the rat model of optic nerve crush. 4-PSB-2 may work by being anti-apoptotic and by attenuation of the inflammatory responses involving less ED1 positive cells infiltration in ON as well as suppression of iNOS/COX-2 signaling pathway in the retinas to rescue RGCs after ON crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Chien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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11
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Tabatabaei SA, Soleimani M, Alizadeh M, Movasat M, Mansoori MR, Alami Z, Foroutan A, Joshaghani M, Safari S, Goldiz A. Predictive value of visual evoked potentials, relative afferent pupillary defect, and orbital fractures in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:1021-6. [PMID: 21845028 PMCID: PMC3151564 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of flash visual-evoked potentials (VEP), relative afferent pupillary defect, and presence of orbital fractures in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in 15 patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy. All patients underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination. Initial visual acuity, final visual acuity, and relative afferent pupillary defect were determined, and visual acuity was converted into logMAR units. We performed flash VEP and an orbital computed tomography scan in all patients. RESULTS There was a good correlation between relative afferent pupillary defect and final visual acuity (r = -0.83), and better initial visual acuity could predict better final visual acuity (r = 0.92). According to findings from flash VEP parameters, there was a relationship between final visual acuity and amplitude ratio of the wave (r = 0.59) and latency ratio of the wave (r = -0.61). Neither primary visual acuity nor final visual acuity was related to the presence of orbital fractures in the orbital CT scan. CONCLUSION Patients with traumatic optic neuropathy often present with severe vision loss. Flash VEP, poor initial visual acuity, and higher grade of relative afferent pupillary defect could predict final visual acuity in these patients. Presence of orbital fracture was not a predictive factor for primary visual acuity or final visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Tabatabaei
- Farabi Eye Research Centre, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhao T, Li Y, Tang L, Li Y, Fan F, Jiang B. Protective effects of human umbilical cord blood stem cell intravitreal transplantation against optic nerve injury in rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249:1021-8. [PMID: 21360302 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-011-1635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of studies addressing traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reported that transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) achieved therapeutic effects on TON, but the exact effects on optic nerve injury are still unknown, and the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood. METHODS A total of 135 healthy Sprague-Dawley adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-surgery, model and transplantation, with 45 rats in each group. TON was induced in the model and transplantation groups via optic nerve crush injury. The crush injury was not performed in the sham-surgery group. Seven days after the injury, 10(6) hUCBSCs were injected into the rat vitreous cavity of transplantation group, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups. Pathological observation of rat retina tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining at days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-surgery. The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were assessed by the Fluorogold (FG) retrograde labeling and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods, respectively. RESULTS The number of labeled RGCs and the expression of BDNF and GDNF mRNA obviously increased, and pathological injury was significantly ameliorated in the transplantation group compared to the model group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Via intravitreal transplantation, the hUCBSCs resulted in a significant increase in the survival of the RGCs, and improved pathological changes in the rat retina, following TON. The protective mechanism is correlated with the continuous secretion of BDNF and GDNF in vivo of retina in optic nerve injury rats by the transplanted hUCBSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410011, People's Republic of China
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13
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Razeghinejad MR, Rahat F, Bagheri M. Levodopa-Carbidopa May Improve Vision Loss in Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:1905-9. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Reza Razeghinejad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Feisal Rahat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Bagheri
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Abstract
Acquired optic neuropathies are a common cause of blindness in adults, and are associated with characteristic morphological changes at the optic nerve head. Accurate and prompt clinical diagnosis, supplemented with imaging where appropriate, is essential to optimize management of the optic neuropathy and to counsel the patient appropriately on its natural history. History taking, optic disc findings, visual field assessment and imaging of the nerve head and surrounding retinal nerve fiber layer are all paramount to achieving the correct diagnosis. This Review highlights the optic nerve head features that are common to the acquired optic neuropathies, and describes the features that can be used to differentiate these various conditions.
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15
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Mavrakanas NA, Schutz JS. Feigned visual loss misdiagnosed as occult traumatic optic neuropathy: diagnostic guidelines and medical-legal issues. Surv Ophthalmol 2009; 54:412-6. [PMID: 19422968 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The medical-legal problem of occult traumatic optic neuropathy diagnosed in patients who actually have feigned visual loss (malingering) is reviewed along with guidelines for suspecting and differentiating feigned visual loss from true traumatic optic neuropathy. We explain why we feel the term occult optic neuropathy is inappropriate and misleading, and the medical-legal consequences of this misdiagnosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Mavrakanas
- Ophthalmology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Bater MC, Ramchandani PL, Ramchandani M, Flood TR. An orbital apex fracture resulting in multiple cranial neuropathies. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 46:163-4. [PMID: 17507123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fractures of the orbital apex are rare after trauma, but can be devastating if associated with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy and a permanent visual defect. Computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis and classification of these fractures, but optimal treatment is controversial. We describe an isolated fracture of the orbital apex in a 15-year-old boy resulting in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy and palsies of cranial nerves III, IV and VI after a blunt injury to the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bater
- Maxillofacial Unit, St Richards Hospital, Spitalfield Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6SE, United Kingdom.
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17
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Abstract
This review presents typical patterns of posterior segment injuries as well as diagnostic and therapeutic considerations after ocular contusion or rupture of the globe. Vitreal prolapse is associated with retinal detachment (20%), iridodialysis or ciliary body cleft (43%), and contusion cataract (41%). Berlin's edema (35%) and retinal detachment (5-7%) are frequent after ocular contusion. In cases of central Berlin's edema, choroidal infarction (Hutchinson-Siegrist-Neubauer syndrome) or choroidal rupture, macular hole or choroidal neovascularization should be ruled out. A central choroidal rupture is often associated with choroidal neovascularization (14-20%). Globe ruptures (5% of blunt injuries) are associated with hyphema grades III and IV (58 vs 5% in ocular contusions). The prognosis of globe ruptures to develop a visual function <20/200 is 51 times more frequent than in eyes with contusion. The risk of trauma-induced globe ruptures is higher in eyes after cataract surgery (27 x) (in females 5 x).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viestenz
- Augenklinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
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18
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Abstract
Minor blunt injury to the head and face may result in optic nerve contusion with secondary optic atrophy. The resulting visual loss is devastating for the individual. We report an uncommon but important complication that may result from an apparently trivial injury. Early identification and initiation of appropriate management may restore the individual's vision. Emergency physicians are often the first to see patients at risk of this complication yet there is little discussion of this injury in the emergency medicine literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Ginifer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North West Regional Hospital, Brickport Road, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia.
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Kipnis J, Yoles E, Porat Z, Cohen A, Mor F, Sela M, Cohen IR, Schwartz M. T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: possible therapy for optic neuropathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:7446-51. [PMID: 10861010 PMCID: PMC16565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.13.7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2000] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the posttraumatic spread of degeneration in the damaged optic nerve can be attenuated by the adoptive transfer of autoimmune T cells specific to myelin basic protein. However, it would be desirable to obtain immune neuroprotection free of any possible autoimmune disease. In an attempt to obtain disease-free immune neuroprotection, we used the synthetic four-amino acid polymer copolymer 1 (Cop-1), which is known not to be encephalitogenic despite its cross-reactivity with myelin basic protein. We show here that active immunization with Cop-1 administered in adjuvant, as well as adoptive transfer of T cells reactive to Cop-1, can inhibit the progression of secondary degeneration after crush injury of the rat optic nerve. These results have implications for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kipnis
- Departments of Neurobiology and Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Amrith S, Saw SM, Lim TC, Lee TK. Ophthalmic involvement in cranio-facial trauma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2000; 28:140-7. [PMID: 10964549 DOI: 10.1054/jcms.2000.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a retrospective descriptive case study which will look into the spectrum of ophthalmic involvement in cases with orbital and eye injuries after cranio-facial trauma and to analyse the visual and motility outcome. MATERIAL One hundred and four cases with ophthalmic involvement after cranio-facial trauma that were referred to and seen in the eye department of a tertiary teaching hospital in Singapore between 1991-97 were included in the study. METHODS The case records of 104 such patients were traced. The demographic data, the mode of injury, the type of fracture sustained and presence of serious eye injury were noted. The details about visual acuity, significant diplopia and enophthalmos at the first and last visits were charted. Presence of traumatic optic neuropathy including the type of treatment given was recorded. RESULTS There was a male preponderance (82%). The industrial accidents were 21%, only next to road traffic accidents, which constituted approximately 36.5%. The predominant types of fractures seen were blow-out orbital fractures, complex fractures comprising of Le-Fort II, III, panfacial and fronto-basilar skull fractures. Diplopia was the most common presenting feature (40%) with visual acuity disturbance (23% having <6/60) as the next most common finding. Traumatic optic neuropathy was seen in 20% of patients and serious eye injury was present in 9% of patients. The incidence of traumatic optic neuropathy was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with complex fractures and fronto-basilar fractures, as compared to the blow-out and zygomatico-maxillary fractures. Analysis of final results indicated 15% as having significant diplopia in one or more gazes and 12.5% as having a vision of <6/60. CONCLUSION Diplopia and visual acuity disturbances seem to be the most common ophthalmic presentations in cranio-facial trauma. A significant number of patients suffer from poor vision and significant diplopia despite treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amrith
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
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