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Gao P, Zhang Y, Deng C, Gong D, Kang Y, Liu J, Zhang W. The 14-day repeated-dose toxicity studies of a fixed-dose combination, QXOH/levobupivacaine, via subcutaneous injection in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1747-1764. [PMID: 33821489 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
QXOH-LB, a fixed-dose combination (35 mM QXOH and 10 mM levobupivacaine) has been shown to induce a long duration of local anesthesia in animal efficacy testing, which indicates potential for postoperative pain management. In this study, we evaluated the potential toxicity of QXOH-LB in NIH mice under the Guidance on the repeated-dose toxicity published by the China Food and Drug Administration. Mice (n = 30 per sex per group) were subcutaneously injected 5, 10, 20 mg/kg QXOH-LB, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg QXOH, and 5 mg/kg levobupivacaine (LB) once a day for 14 days with sacrifice of main study animals; remaining mice (n = 10 per sex per group) were monitored for an additional 4-week recovery period. Mice in the 10 and 20 mg/kg QXOH, and 20 mg/kg QXOH-LB died, which was considered due to excessive respiratory inhibition. The doses of 10 mg/kg QXOH-LB and 5 mg/kg QXOH were well tolerated without any clinical signs of toxicity. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of QXOH-LB and QXOH was considered to be 10 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the dose range from 5 to 20 mg/kg, the exposure of QXOH and LB in QXOH-LB was equal to each agent used alone at the same dose in NIH mice. There was no gender difference on exposure and no evidence of accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyi Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Tramadol in Thermoreversible Gels. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5954629. [PMID: 28819627 PMCID: PMC5551468 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5954629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) induced by new formulations of tramadol (TR) in thermoreversible gels. The poloxamer- (PL-) tramadol systems were prepared by direct dispersion of the drug in solutions with PL 407 and PL 188. The evaluated formulations were as follows: F1: TR 2% in aqueous solution and F2: PL 407 (20%) + PL 188 (10%) + TR 2%; F3: PL 407 (25%) + PL 188 (5%) + TR 2%; F4: PL 407 (20%) + TR 2%. New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 6) and treated by subcutaneous route with F1, F2, F3, or F4 (10 μg·kg-1). PK evaluation used TR and M1 plasma levels. PD evaluation was performed with the measurement of both pupils' diameters. F2 showed higher TR plasma concentration after 180 minutes and presented lower M1 concentrations at almost all evaluated periods. Areas under the curve (ASC0-480 and ASC0-∞ ) and clearance of F2 presented differences compared to F1. F2 presented significant correlation (Pearson correlation) between the enhancement of TR and M1 concentrations and the decrease of pupil size (miosis). Thus, F2 was effective in altering pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics effects of TR.
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