What Nursing Interventions Reduce the Risk of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection in the Patient With an Indwelling Catheter?

Efficacy of a care bundle to prevent multiple infections in the intensive care unit: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study

BACKGROUND

Healthcare-associated infections extend hospitalization time, increase treatment costs and increase morbidity-mortality rates.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the efficacy of a care bundle aimed at preventing three most frequent intensive care unit-acquired infections.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

This quasi-experimental study occurred in an 18-bed tertiary care intensive care unit at a university hospital in Turkey. The sample consisted of 120 patients older than 18years and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation therapy, or had a central venous catheter or urinary catheter. The study comprised three stages. In stage one, the intensive care unit nurses were trained in infection measures, VAP, CA-UTIs and CLABSIs sections of the care bundle. In stage two, the trained nurses applied the care bundle and received feedback on any problematic issues. In stage three, the nurses' compatibility and efficacy of the infection prevention care bundle on the infection rates of VAP, CA-UTIs and CLABSIs were evaluated over three 3-month periods.

RESULTS

Over 1000 ventilation days, ventilator-associated pneumonia infection rates were 23.4, 12.6, and 11.5, during January-March, April-June and July-September, respectively, with January-March and April-June showing a significant decrease (χ²=6.934, p=0.031). The central line-associated bloodstream infection rates were 8.9, 4.2, and 9.9 per 1000 catheter days, during January-March, April-June and July-September, respectively, but were not significantly different based on pair-wise comparisons (p>0.05). The catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates were higher during July-September (6.7/1000 catheter days) compared to January-March (5.7/1000 catheter days) and April-June (10.4/1000 catheter days) but the differences were not significant (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The infection rates decreased with increased compatibility of the care bundle prepared from evidence-based guidelines.

Systematic Review of Interventions to Reduce Urinary Tract Infection in Nursing Home Residents

BACKGROUND

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing homes are common, costly, and morbid.

PURPOSE

Systematic literature review of strategies to reduce UTIs in nursing home residents.

DATA SOURCES

Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and Embase through June 22, 2015.

STUDY SELECTION

Interventional studies with a comparison group reporting at least 1 outcome for: catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), UTIs not identified as catheter-associated, bacteriuria, or urinary catheter use.

DATA EXTRACTION

Two authors abstracted study design, participant and intervention details, outcomes, and quality measures.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Of 5794 records retrieved, 20 records describing 19 interventions were included: 8 randomized controlled trials, 10 pre-post nonrandomized interventions, and 1 nonrandomized intervention with concurrent controls. Quality (range, 8-25; median, 15) and outcome definitions varied greatly. Thirteen studies employed strategies to reduce catheter use or improve catheter care; 9 studies employed general infection prevention strategies (eg, improving hand hygiene, surveillance, contact precautions, reducing antibiotics). The 19 studies reported 12 UTI outcomes, 9 CAUTI outcomes, 4 bacteriuria outcomes, and 5 catheter use outcomes. Five studies showed CAUTI reduction (1 significantly); 9 studies showed UTI reduction (none significantly); 2 studies showed bacteriuria reduction (none significantly). Four studies showed reduced catheter use (1 significantly).

LIMITATIONS

Studies were often underpowered to assess statistical significance; none were pooled given variety of interventions and outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Several practices, often implemented in bundles, such as improving hand hygiene, reducing and improving catheter use, managing incontinence without catheters, and enhanced barrier precautions, appear to reduce UTI or CAUTI in nursing home residents. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017;12:356-368.

Securing the indwelling catheter

Each year, millions of Americans are catheterized to ensure adequate bladder drainage. But despite the high rate of catheterization in acute care facilities, clinicians often pay little attention to the decision to insert an indwelling catheter, its optimal management, or especially its timely removal. A physician or NP typically orders the insertion of a urinary catheter, but a nurse often performs the catheterization and is responsible for its management. Reimbursement policy changes recently mandated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services-including one stipulating that Medicare will no longer cover the cost of treating catheter-associated urinary tract infections-have resulted in increased scrutiny of indwelling catheter management. This article explores one aspect of catheter management, the use of securement devices, and analyzes the standard practices, expert opinion, and clinical evidence concerning this intervention.

Do registered nurses perceive the anchoring of indwelling urinary catheters as a necessary aspect of nursing care? A pilot study

OBJECTIVE

To determine if registered nurses perceive the stabilization of indwelling urinary catheters as a necessary aspect of care.

DESIGN

Descriptive exploratory study.

SETTING AND SUBJECTS

Eighty-two medical-surgical and critical care registered nurses currently practicing in a community medical center.

INTERVENTIONS

A new instrument, the Catheter Anchoring Survey, was designed by the primary investigator and submitted for face and content validity to 8 certified continence specialists. A convenience sample of 82 medical-surgical and critical care nurses voluntarily completed the survey.

RESULTS

Ninety-eight percent of the nurses agreed that securing indwelling urinary catheters was a necessary aspect of nursing care, but this response was not congruent with the prevalence data obtained before questionnaire completion.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of nurses surveyed agreed that catheter stabilization is an important aspect of nursing care, but this perception did not concur with current practice. Further research is needed to determine if catheter stabilization should be the standard of care.

Care of the Indwelling Urinary Catheter

This article reviews evidence-based practice guidelines for the care of indwelling urinary catheters in acute, long-term, and home care settings. Upon completion of this reading, the clinician will have a better understanding of urinary catheter management of short-term and long-term placement, possible complications from catheter use, the importance of alternative options for catheter placement, and recommendations for patient education. Basic infection prevention, existing catheter types, and the differences between men and women with the use of these catheters will also be addressed. Practices that are no longer recommended, as well as present research on the use of silver alloy catheters and their role in preventing infection, are summarized.

Strategies for the development of the urinary catheter

Indwelling urinary catheters are utilized in the management of a wide range of conditions both in an acute and a chronic setting. However, utilization of this type of device is associated with a number of issues, including an increased propensity to develop bacteriuria, symptomatic infection and also encrusted deposits on the device. The development of novel biomaterials, incorporation of therapeutic agents and other strategies to minimize the issues associated with these devices are discussed in this review.

Decreasing Urinary Tract Infections Through Staff Development, Outcomes, and Nursing Process

For patients with indwelling catheters, even with current standards of care and evidence-based practice, urinary tract infections continue to be a problem. Data were gathered on urinary catheter usage in a large, rural acute care hospital, and outcomes profiles were developed (including mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and costs). An innovative poster and video approach focusing on alternatives to urinary catheterization, early discontinuance of catheters, and proper insertion and care techniques were used to educate nursing staff and improve outcomes.