1
|
Plays M, Müller S, Rodriguez R. Chemistry and biology of ferritin. Metallomics 2021; 13:6244244. [PMID: 33881539 PMCID: PMC8083198 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element required by cells and has been described as a key player in ferroptosis. Ferritin operates as a fundamental iron storage protein in cells forming multimeric assemblies with crystalline iron cores. We discuss the latest findings on ferritin structure and activity and its link to cell metabolism and ferroptosis. The chemistry of iron, including its oxidation states, is important for its biological functions, its reactivity, and the biology of ferritin. Ferritin can be localized in different cellular compartments and secreted by cells with a variety of functions depending on its spatial context. Here, we discuss how cellular ferritin localization is tightly linked to its function in a tissue-specific manner, and how impairment of iron homeostasis is implicated in diseases, including cancer and coronavirus disease 2019. Ferritin is a potential biomarker and we discuss latest research where it has been employed for imaging purposes and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Plays
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 3666, Paris, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1143, Paris, France.,PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan DPC, Lee MP, Wong NS, Leung RKK, Naftalin CM, Lee SS. Association of immune recovery with hyperlipidaemia and apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms following highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of Chinese HIV patients. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010998. [PMID: 27067897 PMCID: PMC4838726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between CD4 recovery, dyslipidaemia and apolipoprotein (APO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING A major HIV care clinic in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS 197 Chinese treatment-naïve HIV patients. OUTCOME MEASURES Maximum CD4 count and its rise 2-3 years after HAART initiation and their association with abnormal total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and 8 selected APO SNP at multiple time points. RESULTS Before HAART, abnormal levels of TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected in 13%, 26%, 59% and 19% of the recruited patients, respectively. APOA5 -1131T>C and c.553G>T were significantly associated with high pre-HAART TG while APOE 2198C>T was correlated with high TG at baseline and/or a rise 2-3 years following HAART initiation. Poor CD4 achievement, defined as the highest CD4 count <350/μL and a net gain of <100/μL, was associated with a low CD4 count ≤200/μL at baseline and a rise of TC beyond 5.17 mmol/L following HAART with or without the use of antilipid agents. Conversely, satisfactory CD4 achievement was associated with APOC3 3238GG genotype. Applying a linear generalised estimating equation, APOA5 -1131T>C was shown to be a predictor of a weaker temporal trend for CD4 response in the presence of a low baseline CD4≤200/μL. CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidaemia plays a predictive role in impacting immunological recovery following HAART, which could be partly explained by the APO gene SNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Pui-Chung Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Po Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ngai-Sze Wong
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ross Ka-Kit Leung
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Claire Melinda Naftalin
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Shan Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Montoya CJ, Higuita EA, Estrada S, Gutierrez FJ, Amariles P, Giraldo NA, Jimenez MM, Velasquez CP, Leon AL, Rugeles MT, Jaimes FA. Randomized clinical trial of lovastatin in HIV-infected, HAART naïve patients (NCT00721305). J Infect 2012; 65:549-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Azzoni L, Foulkes AS, Firnhaber C, Yin X, Crowther NJ, Glencross D, Lawrie D, Stevens W, Papasavvas E, Sanne I, Montaner LJ. Metabolic and anthropometric parameters contribute to ART-mediated CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV-1-infected individuals: an observational study. J Int AIDS Soc 2011; 14:37. [PMID: 21801351 PMCID: PMC3163506 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of immune reconstitution achieved in response to suppressive ART is associated with baseline individual characteristics, such as pre-treatment CD4 count, levels of viral replication, cellular activation, choice of treatment regimen and gender. However, the combined effect of these variables on long-term CD4 recovery remains elusive, and no single variable predicts treatment response. We sought to determine if adiposity and molecules associated with lipid metabolism may affect the response to ART and the degree of subsequent immune reconstitution, and to assess their ability to predict CD4 recovery. METHODS We studied a cohort of 69 (48 females and 21 males) HIV-infected, treatment-naïve South African subjects initiating antiretroviral treatment (d4T, 3Tc and lopinavir/ritonavir). We collected information at baseline and six months after viral suppression, assessing anthropometric parameters, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging scans, serum-based clinical laboratory tests and whole blood-based flow cytometry, and determined their role in predicting the increase in CD4 count in response to ART. RESULTS We present evidence that baseline CD4+ T cell count, viral load, CD8+ T cell activation (CD95 expression) and metabolic and anthropometric parameters linked to adiposity (LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and waist/hip ratio) significantly contribute to variability in the extent of CD4 reconstitution (ΔCD4) after six months of continuous ART. CONCLUSIONS Our final model accounts for 44% of the variability in CD4+ T cell recovery in virally suppressed individuals, representing a workable predictive model of immune reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livio Azzoni
- HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea S Foulkes
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Cynthia Firnhaber
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Xiangfan Yin
- HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Deborah Glencross
- Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Denise Lawrie
- Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wendy Stevens
- Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Emmanouil Papasavvas
- HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian Sanne
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Montoya CJ, Jaimes F, Higuita EA, Convers-Páez S, Estrada S, Gutierrez F, Amariles P, Giraldo N, Peñaloza C, Rugeles MT. Antiretroviral effect of lovastatin on HIV-1-infected individuals without highly active antiretroviral therapy (The LIVE study): a phase-II randomized clinical trial. Trials 2009; 10:41. [PMID: 19538732 PMCID: PMC2705367 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-10-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy produces a significant decrease in HIV-1 replication and allows an increase in the CD4 T-cell count, leading to a decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections and mortality. However, the cost, side effects and complexity of antiretroviral regimens have underscored the immediate need for additional therapeutic approaches. Statins exert pleiotropic effects through a variety of mechanisms, among which there are several immunoregulatory effects, related and unrelated to their cholesterol-lowering activity that can be useful to control HIV-1 infection. Methods/design Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled, single-center, phase-II clinical trial. One hundred and ten chronically HIV-1-infected patients, older than 18 years and naïve for antirretroviral therapy (i.e., without prior or current management with antiretroviral drugs) will be enrolled at the outpatient services from the most important centres for health insurance care in Medellin-Colombia. The interventions will be lovastatin (40 mg/day, orally, for 12 months; 55 patients) or placebo (55 patients). Our primary aim will be to determine the effect of lovastatin on viral replication. The secondary aim will be to determine the effect of lovastatin on CD4+ T-cell count in peripheral blood. As tertiary aims we will explore differences in CD8+ T-cell count, expression of activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) on CD4 and CD8 T cells, cholesterol metabolism, LFA-1/ICAM-1 function, Rho GTPases function and clinical evolution between treated and not treated HIV-1-infected individuals. Discussion Preliminary descriptive studies have suggested that statins (lovastatin) may have anti HIV-1 activity and that their administration is safe, with the potential effect of controlling HIV-1 replication in chronically infected individuals who had not received antiretroviral medications. Considering that there is limited clinical data available on this topic, all these findings warrant further evaluation to determine if long-term administration of statins may benefit the virological and immunological evolution in HIV-1-infected individuals before the use of antiretroviral therapy is required. Trial registration Registration number NCT00721305.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Montoya
- Immunovirology Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|