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Herrera Quijano MA, Sharma N, Morissette Martin P, Séguin CA, Flynn LE. Development of 2-D and 3-D culture platforms derived from decellularized nucleus pulposus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:937239. [PMID: 36237211 PMCID: PMC9551564 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.937239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioscaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have shown the capacity to promote regeneration by providing tissue-specific biological instructive cues that can enhance cell survival and direct lineage-specific differentiation. This study focused on the development and characterization of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture platforms incorporating decellularized nucleus pulposus (DNP). First, a detergent-free protocol was developed for decellularizing bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues that was effective at removing cellular content while preserving key ECM constituents including collagens, glycosaminoglycans, and the cell-adhesive glycoproteins laminin and fibronectin. Next, novel 2-D coatings were generated using the DNP or commercially-sourced bovine collagen type I (COL) as a non-tissue-specific control. In addition, cryo-milled DNP or COL particles were incorporated within methacrylated chondroitin sulphate (MCS) hydrogels as a 3-D cell culture platform for exploring the effects of ECM particle composition. Culture studies showed that the 2-D coatings derived from the DNP could support cell attachment and growth, but did not maintain or rescue the phenotype of primary bovine NP cells, which de-differentiated when serially passaged in monolayer culture. Similarly, while bovine NP cells remained highly viable following encapsulation and 14 days of culture within the hydrogel composites, the incorporation of DNP particles within the MCS hydrogels was insufficient to maintain or rescue changes in NP phenotype associated with extended in vitro culture based on gene expression patterns. Overall, DNP produced with our new decellularization protocol was successfully applied to generate both 2-D and 3-D bioscaffolds; however, further studies are required to assess if these platforms can be combined with additional components of the endogenous NP microenvironment to stimulate regeneration or lineage-specific cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Herrera Quijano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nadia Sharma
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Morissette Martin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Lauren E. Flynn, ; Cheryle A. Séguin,
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Lauren E. Flynn, ; Cheryle A. Séguin,
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Kang YM, Shin EJ, Lee BH, Yang JH, Lee HM, Moon SH. Hypoxia Regulates the Extracellular Matrix via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Pathway in Cells Retrieved from the Human Intervertebral Disc. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:734-742. [PMID: 34296551 PMCID: PMC8298873 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.8.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to identify the physiological characteristics of cells by investigating the change in gene expression and protein levels during extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in the intervertebral disc (IVD) under hypoxic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test the effect of oxygen on cell growth and ECM synthesis of chondrocyte-like cells, the cells from IVD were separated and cultured in two hypoxia-mimicking systems: chemical hypoxic conditions using deferoxamine (DFO), and physiological hypoxic conditions using a hypoxic chamber for 7 days. Chondrocyte like cells cultured without DFO and under the normal oxygen concentration (21% O₂ and 5% CO₂, 37°C) served as the controls. RESULTS Chondrocyte-like cells cultured in the presence of 6% oxygen demonstrated a 100% increase in cellular proliferation compared to the control. The cells treated with chemical hypoxic conditions demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA expression of glucose transporter-1, GAPDH, aggrecan, and type II collagen on Day 1. When treated with 100 µM DFO, the cells showed a 50% increase in the levels of proteoglycan protein on Day 7. The cells treated with chemical hypoxic condition demonstrated increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) protein levels on Day 7. Moreover, the cells cultured in the presence of 6% oxygen showed a 120% increase in sulfated GAG levels on Day 7. CONCLUSION The oxygen concentration had an important role in the viability, proliferation, and maturation of chondrocyte-like cells in IVD. In addition, chondrocyte-like cells are sensitive to the concentration of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kang
- BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Mo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Moon
- BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Cells scaffold complex for Intervertebral disc Anulus Fibrosus tissue engineering: in vitro culture and product analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8581-94. [PMID: 22729877 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate feasibility of tissue culture in vitro utilizing static culture method. Annulus fibrosus cells obtained from spine of rabbits were cultured. Results showed that fibrous tissue infiltration could be detected in shallow layer. With extended time, tissue infiltration depth increased, but there were still a large amount of holes in central part. Fibrous tissue infiltration was detected in the control side products and inner infiltration wasn't obvious. Hydroxyproline content of the control side products gradually increased with extended culture time. Hydroxyproline content of the control side products in the third and fourth month was significantly higher than that in the first month, but lower than those of the experimental side products and normal annulus fibrosus cells. DNA content of the control side products in the third and fourth month was significantly increased compared to the first month. DNA content of the control side products at each phase point was significantly lower than that of the experimental side and normal annulus fibrosus cells. Furthermore, there was lower expression levels of the type I, II collagen mRNA and protein in the experimental side scaffolds compared to the control side product. This study demonstrates the successful formation of Intervertebral disc Anulus Fibrosus in vitro by static culture method.
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