1
|
Yasrebi-de Kom IAR, Dongelmans DA, Abu-Hanna A, Schut MC, de Lange DW, van Roon EN, de Jonge E, Bouman CSC, de Keizer NF, Jager KJ, Klopotowska JE. Acute kidney injury associated with nephrotoxic drugs in critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study using electronic health record data. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2549-2558. [PMID: 38045998 PMCID: PMC10689186 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrotoxic drugs frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, there is a lack of large pharmaco-epidemiological studies investigating the associations between drugs and AKI. Importantly, AKI risk factors may also be indications or contraindications for drugs and thereby confound the associations. Here, we aimed to estimate the associations between commonly administered (potentially) nephrotoxic drug groups and AKI in adult ICU patients whilst adjusting for confounding. Methods In this multicenter retrospective observational study, we included adult ICU admissions to 13 Dutch ICUs. We measured exposure to 44 predefined (potentially) nephrotoxic drug groups. The outcome was AKI during ICU admission. The association between each drug group and AKI was estimated using etiological cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted for confounding. To facilitate an (independent) informed assessment of residual confounding, we manually identified drug group-specific confounders using a large drug knowledge database and existing literature. Results We included 92 616 ICU admissions, of which 13 492 developed AKI (15%). We found 14 drug groups to be associated with a higher hazard of AKI after adjustment for confounding. These groups included established (e.g. aminoglycosides), less well established (e.g. opioids) and controversial (e.g. sympathomimetics with α- and β-effect) drugs. Conclusions The results confirm existing insights and provide new ones regarding drug associated AKI in adult ICU patients. These insights warrant caution and extra monitoring when prescribing nephrotoxic drugs in the ICU and indicate which drug groups require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izak A R Yasrebi-de Kom
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave A Dongelmans
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ameen Abu-Hanna
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Schut
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- Department of Intensive Care and Dutch Poison Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric N van Roon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Evert de Jonge
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine S C Bouman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette F de Keizer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty J Jager
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna E Klopotowska
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carlson WD, Keck PC, Bosukonda D, Carlson FR. A Process for the Design and Development of Novel Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) Mimetics With an Example: THR-184. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864509. [PMID: 35873578 PMCID: PMC9306349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth Factors have been evaluated as therapeutic targets for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases. Because they are proteins with pleiotropic effects, the quest to harness their beneficial effects has presented challenges. Most Growth Factors operate at the extracellular-receptor level and have natural feedback mechanisms that modulate their effects. As proteins, they are difficult and expensive to manufacture. Frequently proteins must be administered parenterally, may invoke an immune response, and may be neutralized by naturally occurring inhibitors. To circumvent these limitations, we have undertaken an effort to develop mimetics for the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway effects that incorporate the beneficial effects, eliminate the deleterious effects, and thereby create effective drug-like compounds.To this end, we have designed and tested a family of small peptide BMP mimetics. The design used the three-dimensional structure of BMP-7 to identify likely active surface regions. Lead sequences were then optimized based on in vitro assays that examine the selective binding to BMP receptors, demonstrate the phosphorylation of Smad-1,5,8, detect anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation, and block the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular epithelial cells. These sequences were further optimized using in vivo assays of the attenuation of acute kidney injury in a rat-model of unilateral clamp ischemic reperfusion. This process uses a Structure Variance Analysis algorithm (SVA) to identify structure/activity relationships. One member of this family, THR-184, is an agonist of BMP signaling and a potent antagonist of TGFβ signaling. This small peptide mimetic inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and reverses epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating multiple signaling pathways involved in the cellular injury of multiple organs. Its effects have been shown to control Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). THR-184 has progressed through phase I and II clinical trials for the prevention of Cardio-Vascular Surgery (CVS) associated AKI. This work provides a roadmap for the development of other growth factor mimetics and demonstrates how we might harness their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Carlson
- Division of Cardiology, Mass General Hospital/Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Therapeutics By Design, Boston, MA, United States
- Thrasos Therapeutics, Hopkinton, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: William D. Carlson,
| | - Peter C. Keck
- Therapeutics By Design, Boston, MA, United States
- Thrasos Therapeutics, Hopkinton, MA, United States
| | - Dattatreyamurty Bosukonda
- Division of Cardiology, Mass General Hospital/Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
- Therapeutics By Design, Boston, MA, United States
- Thrasos Therapeutics, Hopkinton, MA, United States
| | - Frederic Roy Carlson
- Therapeutics By Design, Boston, MA, United States
- Thrasos Therapeutics, Hopkinton, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou H, Xie J, Zheng Z, Ooi OC, Luo H. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 33:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
4
|
Joannidis M, Hoste E. Angiotensin inhibition in patients with acute kidney injury: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? Intensive Care Med 2018; 44:1159-1161. [PMID: 29860704 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joannidis
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Eric Hoste
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, and Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schetz M, Bove T, Morelli A, Mankad S, Ronco C, Kellum J. Prevention of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:179-89. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been evaluated to prevent early CSA-AKI. Although correction of hemodynamic problems is paramount, there are no clinical studies that compare different hemodynamic management or monitoring strategies with regard to their effect on kidney function. Pharmacologic strategies including diuretics, different classes of vasodilators and drugs with anti-inflammatory effects such as N-acetyl-cysteine, do not appear to be effective. Most of the studies are underpowered and use physiological rather than clinical endpoints. Further trials are warranted with fenoldopam and nesiritide (rhBNP). Observational and underpowered randomized studies show beneficial renal effects of off-pump technique and avoidance of aortic manipulation. There is very limited evidence for preoperative fluid loading and preemptive RRT. Potentially nephrotoxic agents should be used with caution in patients at risk of CSA-AKI. Tranexamic acid or aminocaproic acid should be preferred over aprotinin. No pharmacologic intervention has been adequately tested in the prevention of late CSA-AKI. A single-center study, including a predominance of patients after cardiac surgery, showed a decrease of kidney injury with tight glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schetz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven - Belgium
| | - T. Bove
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan - Italy
| | - A. Morelli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome - Italy
| | - S. Mankad
- Division of Cardiology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota - USA
| | - C. Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, St. Bortolo Hospital - International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza - Italy
| | - J.A. Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nyame YA, Liang H, Arora HC, Gill BC, Caputo P, Ramirez D, Maurice MJ, Fareed K, Stein RJ, Haber GP, Stephenson AJ, Fergany A, Kaouk J. Do Renin-Angiotensin Blockers Affect Renal Function and Cardiac Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Partial Nephrectomy? J Urol 2017; 197:566-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaw A. Nyame
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Helen Liang
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hans C. Arora
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bradley C. Gill
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter Caputo
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew J. Maurice
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Khaled Fareed
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert J. Stein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Georges-Pascal Haber
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew J. Stephenson
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amr Fergany
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jihad Kaouk
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tagawa M, Ogata A, Hamano T. Pre- and/or Intra-Operative Prescription of Diuretics, but Not Renin-Angiotensin-System Inhibitors, Is Significantly Associated with Acute Kidney Injury after Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132507. [PMID: 26146836 PMCID: PMC4492997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Pre- and/or intra-operative use of diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) constitutes a potentially modifiable risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). It has been studied whether use of these drugs predicts AKI after cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to examine whether administration of these agents was independently associated with AKI after non-cardiac surgery. Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements This was a retrospective observational study. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (age ≥ 18) who underwent non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia from 2007 to 2009 at Kyoto Katsura Hospital. Exclusion criteria were urological surgery, missing creatinine values, and preoperative dialysis. The exposures of interest were pre- and/or intra-operative use of diuretics or ACE-I/ARB. Outcome variables were postoperative AKI as defined by the AKI Network (increase in creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or 150% within 48 hours, or urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/hour for > 6 hours). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and adjusted for potential confounders. Propensity scores (PS) for receiving diuretics or ACE-I/ARB therapy were estimated and PS adjustment, PS matching, and inverse probability weighting were performed. Results There were 137 AKI cases (5.0%) among 2,725 subjects. After statistical adjustment for patient and surgical characteristics, odds (95% CI) of postoperative AKI were 2.07 (1.10-3.89) (p = 0.02) and 0.89 (0.56-1.42) (p = 0.63) in users of diuretics and ACE-I/ARB, respectively, compared with non-users. PS adjustment, PS matching, and inverse probability weighting yielded similar results. The effect size of diuretics was significantly greater in the patients with lower propensity for diuretic use (p for interaction < 0.1). Conclusions Prescription of diuretics, but not ACE-I/ARB, was independently associated with postoperative AKI after non-cardiac surgery, especially in patients with low propensity for diuretic use. It might be reasonable to withhold preoperative diuretics in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Tagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamada-hirao-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 6158256, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-shi, Nara, 634–8522, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ai Ogata
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto City Hospital, 1–2, Higashitakada-cho, Mibu, Nakagyo-ku, 6048845, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Comprehensive Kidney Disease Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Srivali N, O'Corragain OA, Edmonds PJ, Ungprasert P, Kittanamongkolchai W, Erickson SB. Preoperative renin-angiotensin system inhibitors use linked to reduced acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:978-88. [PMID: 25800881 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous trials of interventions to prevent acute kidney injury (AKI) have been unsuccessful and additional interventions are needed. Existing reviews of preoperative renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors have suggested harm. We included more recent studies and conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of postoperative AKI in patients who received preoperative RAS inhibitors. METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception through October, 2014. Studies that reported relative risks, odds ratios or hazard ratios comparing the AKI risk in patients who received preoperative RAS inhibitors versus those who did not were included. We performed the prespecified sensitivity analysis including only propensity score-based studies. Mortality risk was evaluated among the studies that reported AKI outcome. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Twenty-four studies (1 randomized controlled trial and 23 cohort studies) with 102 675 patients were included in the analysis to assess the risk of postoperative AKI and preoperative RAS inhibitors use. The pooled RR of AKI in patients receiving RAS inhibitors was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.92-1.20). The meta-analysis of the RCT and 11 studies with propensity score analysis demonstrated the pooled RR of AKI in patients receiving RAS inhibitors of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.99). Within the selected studies, preoperative RAS inhibitor therapy was not associated with a significant increase or decrease in mortality (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.80-1.09). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrates an association between preoperative RAS inhibitor treatment and lower incidence of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narat Srivali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen B Erickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi P, Li Z, Young N, Ji F, Wang Y, Moore P, Liu H. The effects of preoperative renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27:703-9. [PMID: 23731712 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of preoperative (pre-op) renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors on outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of pre-op RAS inhibitors affected major outcomes of cardiac surgery. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A university teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2011. INTERVENTIONS One thousand two hundred thirty-nine patients who received pre-op RAS inhibitors were compared with those who did not (control group, n = 1,083). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined using Acute Kidney Injury Network classification. Patients in the RAS inhibitors group presented with higher comorbidities. Pre-op RAS inhibitors therapy was associated with the reduction in the incidence of AKI (27.2% v 34.0%, p<0.001), septicemia (1.9% v 3.5%, p = 0.019), and operative mortality (2.99% v 4.62%, p = 0.039). After adjusted propensity scores and multivariate logistic regression, the pre-op RAS inhibitors were found to have protective effects against AKI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.764, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.670-0.873, p<0.001), septicemia (OR: 0.515, 95% CI: 0.348-0.761, p>0.001), and operative mortality (OR: 0.539, 95% CI: 0.348-0.758, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results suggested that pre-op RAS inhibitor therapy was associated with significant reductions in the risk of AKI, operative mortality, and septicemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olivero JJ, Olivero JJ, Nguyen PT, Kagan A. Acute kidney injury after cardiovascular surgery: an overview. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2013; 8:31-6. [PMID: 23227284 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-8-3-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a complication of open-heart surgery that carries a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that postoperative renal function deterioration in cardiovascular surgery patients increases in-hospital mortality and adversely affects long-term survival. Identifying individuals at risk for developing AKI and aggressive early intervention is extremely important to optimize outcomes. This paper provides an overview of the etiology, prognostic markers, risk factors, and prevention of AKI and treatments that may favorably affect outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Olivero
- Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dag O, Kaygin MA, Aydin A, Limandal HK, Arslan Ü, Kiymaz A, Kahraman N, Calik ES, Erkut B. Is Administration of Preoperative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Important for Renal Protection after Cardiac Surgery? Ren Fail 2013; 35:754-60. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.777891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
12
|
Krzych LJ. Treatment of hypertension in patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:127-33. [PMID: 22342165 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension occurs in up to 80% of patients scheduled to coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG). In hemodynamically stable patients all anti-hypertensive drugs should be continued till a day of surgery. For vast majority of patients there is no need to use blood pressure lowering agents during CABG, however it is necessary to maintain blood pressure level and avoid extreme blood pressure variations. Upon CABG hypotensive therapy should be modified to the needs of the individual patient and should be monitored individually. Treatment of hypertension ought to be started with caution with lowest possible dosage. Aggressive therapy is strongly discouraged to avoid hemodynamic collapse. Beta-blockers should be administered to all CABG patients unless contraindicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz J Krzych
- 1st Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schulte E, Ziegler D, Philippi-Höhne C, Kaczmarczyk G, Boemke W. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and blood pressure response during total intravenous anaesthesia for minor surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:435-43. [PMID: 21391923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates whether long-term treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) impairs the haemodynamic regulation during total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for minor surgery. METHODS In a prospective, two-armed observational study, 36 patients undergoing TIVA for minor surgery were studied. Seventeen were taking ACEIs regularly but no other antihypertensive medication (ACEI group); 19 patients without any cardiovascular medication served as controls (non-ACEI group). Haemodynamic variables were measured every minute during induction and every 5 min during surgery. The plasma levels of renin, angiotensin II, vasopressin and catecholamines were measured before and 18 min after the induction of anaesthesia. RESULTS The mean arterial pressure decreased to the same extent in both the groups during the induction of TIVA. There were also no differences between the groups regarding the heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, as well as the use of vasoconstrictors, and fluids during induction and throughout surgery. In the ACEI group, the plasma renin concentration was higher at baseline and after the induction of anaesthesia presumably due to the interruption of the negative renin-angiotensin feedback loop (P<0.05). Angiotensin II increased only in the non-ACEI group (6.2 ± 2.2 before vs. 9.6 ± 3.5 pg/ml after induction; P<0.05). In both groups, the plasma norepinephrine concentration decreased after the induction of TIVA (P<0.05). Plasma vasopressin and plasma epinephrine concentrations did not change in either group. CONCLUSION Long-term ACEI treatment does not further aggravate the blood pressure decrease under TIVA during minor surgery, provided the induction procedure is slow, the patient is kept well hydrated and vasoconstrictors are promptly applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Schulte
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun JZ, Cao LH, Liu H. ACE inhibitors in cardiac surgery: current studies and controversies. Hypertens Res 2010; 34:15-22. [PMID: 20944641 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major complications associated with cardiac surgery are still common and carry great prognostic significance. Current medical interventions to prevent these cardiovascular complications include antiplatelet therapy, statins, β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Both experimental studies and clinical trials have shown that ACE inhibitors hold promise as cardiovascular protective agents for cardiac surgery patients. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis. First, long-term use of ACE inhibitors has been well established to provide cardiovascular protection and reduce ischemic events and complications, independent of their effect on heart function and blood pressure. Second, early ACE inhibitor therapy has been demonstrated to produce remarkable survival and heart function benefits in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Third, ACE blockage can prevent or delay the development or progression of renal disease at all stages, from subclinical microalbuminuria to end-stage renal disease. Nevertheless, perioperative studies of the effects of ACE inhibitors remain few and inconclusive. Results from recent clinical trials and observational studies are conflicting and raise more questions than answers. Further studies, both retrospective and larger-scale prospective studies, are critically needed to examine whether ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and major complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Denault AY, Deschamps A, Couture P. Intraoperative Hemodynamic Instability During and After Separation From Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 14:165-82. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253210376673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Every year, more than 1 million patients worldwide undergo cardiac surgery. Because of the aging of the population, cardiac surgery will increasingly be offered to patients at a higher risk of complications. The consequence is a reduced physiological reserve and hence an increased risk of mortality. These issues will have a significant impact on future health care costs because the population undergoing cardiac surgery will be older and more likely to develop postoperative complications. One of the most dreaded complications in cardiac surgery is difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). When separation from CPB is associated with right-ventricular failure, the mortality rate will range from 44% to 86%. Therefore, the diagnosis and the preoperative prediction of difficult separation from CPB will be crucial to improve the selection and care of patients and to prevent complications for this high-risk patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Y. Denault
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montréal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada,
| | - Alain Deschamps
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montréal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Couture
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montréal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Joannidis M, Druml W, Forni LG, Groeneveld ABJ, Honore P, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Ronco C, Schetz MRC, Woittiez AJ. Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit. Expert opinion of the Working Group for Nephrology, ESICM. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36:392-411. [PMID: 19921152 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute renal failure on the intensive care unit is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES To determine recommendations for the prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI), focusing on the role of potential preventative maneuvers including volume expansion, diuretics, use of inotropes, vasopressors/vasodilators, hormonal interventions, nutrition, and extracorporeal techniques. METHOD A systematic search of the literature was performed for studies using these potential protective agents in adult patients at risk for acute renal failure/kidney injury between 1966 and 2009. The following clinical conditions were considered: major surgery, critical illness, sepsis, shock, and use of potentially nephrotoxic drugs and radiocontrast media. Where possible the following endpoints were extracted: creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate, increase in serum creatinine, urine output, and markers of tubular injury. Clinical endpoints included the need for renal replacement therapy, length of stay, and mortality. Studies are graded according to the international Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) group system. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Several measures are recommended, though none carries grade 1A. We recommend prompt resuscitation of the circulation with special attention to providing adequate hydration whilst avoiding high-molecular-weight hydroxy-ethyl starch (HES) preparations, maintaining adequate blood pressure using vasopressors in vasodilatory shock. We suggest specific vasodilators [corrected] under strict hemodynamic control, sodium bicarbonate for emergency procedures administering contrast media, and periprocedural hemofiltration in severe chronic renal insufficiency undergoing coronary intervention. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1678-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joannidis
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstasse 31, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoo YC, Youn YN, Shim JK, Kim JC, Kim NY, Kwak YL. Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury Following Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Circ J 2010; 74:1852-8. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Chul Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Health System
| | - Young-Nam Youn
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University Health System
| | - Jae Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Health System
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System
| | - Jong Chan Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Health System
| | - Na Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Health System
| | - Young Lan Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Health System
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barodka V, Silvestry S, Zhao N, Jiao X, Whellan DJ, Diehl J, Sun JZ. Preoperative renin-angiotensin system inhibitors protect renal function in aging patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Surg Res 2009; 167:e63-9. [PMID: 20189597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal failure (RF) represents a major postoperative complication for elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This observational cohort study examines effects of preoperative use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors on postoperative renal failure in aging patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 1287 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at this institution (2003-2007). The patients included were ≥65 years old, scheduled for elective cardiac surgery, and without preexisting RF (defined by the criteria of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons as described in Method). Of all patients evaluated, 346 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups: using (n = 122) or not using (n = 224) preoperative RAS inhibitors. A comparison of the two groups showed no significant differences in baseline parameters, including creatinine clearance, body mass index, history of diabetes and smoking, preoperative medicines (except that more patients with RAS inhibitors had a history of hypertension or congestive heart failure, fewer RAS inhibitor patients had chronic lung disease), in intraoperative perfusion and aortic cross-clamp time, and in postoperative complications and 30-d mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated, however, that preoperative RAS inhibitors significantly and independently reduced the incidence of postoperative RF in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery compared with those not taking RAS inhibitors: 1.6% versus 7.6%, yielding an odds ratio of 0.19 (95 % CI 0.04-0.84, P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative RAS inhibitors may have significant renoprotective effects for aging patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viachaslau Barodka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pathophysiologie, Prophylaxe und Therapie von Herzchirurgie-assoziierten Nierenfunktionsstörungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-009-0743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Panthongviriyakul C, Bines JE. Post-operative chylothorax in children: an evidence-based management algorithm. J Paediatr Child Health 2008; 44:716-21. [PMID: 19077067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop an evidence-based algorithm for the therapeutic approach to the management of post-operative chylothorax. METHODS Review and analysis of published literature sourced from Medline from 1964-2007. RESULTS Understanding the pathophysiology of chylothorax and the anatomical structure of the thoracic duct assisted clinical decision making in the management of a patient with chylothorax. Treatment options for post-operative chlothorax include conservative management with medium chain triglyceride-enriched diet or total parenteral nutrition in combination with adequate drainage of pleural fluid, somatostatin or octreotide therapy or surgical intervention. Based on analysis of the available evidence an algorithm for therapeutic approach to the management of post-operative chylothorax has been developed. CONCLUSION Post-operative chylothorax is associated with significant morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. An evidence based algorithm to guide the therapeutic approach to management of post-operative chylolthorax is proposed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Benedetto U, Sciarretta S, Roscitano A, Fiorani B, Refice S, Angeloni E, Sinatra R. Preoperative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Acute Kidney Injury After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86:1160-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The discussion about perioperative withdrawal or continuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) remains controversial. Should it be continued to avoid peaks in blood pressure and heart rate during anesthesia? Or should it be discontinued the day before to avoid clinically relevant hypotonia? What is the greater risk? Since there are only a few studies dealing with this question, we compared the cardio-circulatory reaction during anesthesia after withdrawal and with continuation of ACEI therapy. METHODS A total of 100 hypertonic patients chronically treated with ACEIs were included in this prospective, randomized, double blind study. The last ACEI medication was given with the premedication in the morning (premed) or on the day before (withdrawal). Blood pressure and heart rate during induction and termination of anesthesia were compared between both groups. A threshold value for vasopressor therapy was determined to be a mean arterial pressure of 60 mmHg. RESULTS In the premed group Akrinor was necessary significantly more often and in higher dosages. Nevertheless, following induction the blood pressure and heart rates were significantly lower compared to the withdrawal group. The highest blood pressure and heart rate during induction and termination of anesthesia did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The continuation of ACEI therapy in the morning is not associated with a better control of blood pressure and heart rate but causes a more pronounced hypotension which forced a therapy more often. Patients chronically treated with ACEI should receive the ACEI the last time on the day before the operation and not with the premedication in the morning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Schirmer
- Abteilung Kardioanästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 9, 89075, Ulm.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim DH, Kwak YL, Lee JH, Shim JK, Cha JH, Bang SO. Effect of Preoperative Renin-Angiotensin System Antagonists on the Difference between Radial and Femoral Arterial Pressure after Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients Undergoing Valvular Heart Surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol 2007. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2007.53.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Lan Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cardiorascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cardiorascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cardiorascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Cha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sou Ouk Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang IY, Murray PT. Prevention of perioperative acute renal failure: what works? Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2004; 18:91-111. [PMID: 14760876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative acute renal failure (ARF) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Patients undergoing cardiac, vascular and major abdominal surgery and those with pre-operative renal insufficiency are at increased risk for developing post-operative ARF. The aetiologies of perioperative ARF are multi-factorial. However, pre-renal azotaemia and ischaemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the predominant causes. Preventive strategies involve identifying patients at risk, optimizing intravascular volume as well as renal function with perioperative haemodynamic monitoring, and avoiding nephrotoxins. Various pharmacological agents have been used to optimize renal perfusion and tubular function. Unfortunately, none has been shown to be effective in randomized placebo-controlled trials. In this chapter, we discuss the prophylactic use of fluids, vasoactive drugs, diuretics and other agents, as well as modification of surgical techniques to reduce the incidence of perioperative ARF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Y Tang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parrish JS, Amundson DE. Is there an "ACE" in the hole for postcoronary artery bypass graft myocardial dysfunction? Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1591. [PMID: 12771645 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000063049.88107.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|