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Heyder M, Reise M, Burchardt J, Guellmar A, Beck J, Schulze-Späte U, Sigusch B, Kranz S. Photodynamic Suppression of Enterococcus Faecalis in Infected Root Canals with Indocyanine Green, Trolox TM and Near-Infrared Light. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2572. [PMID: 38004551 PMCID: PMC10674481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, our group showed that additional supplementation of Trolox™ (vitamin E analogue) can significantly enhance the antimicrobial photodynamic effect of the photosensitizer Indocyanine green (ICG). Up to now, the combined effect has not yet been investigated on Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals. In the present in vitro study, eighty human root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis and subsequently subjected to antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) using ICG (250, 500, 1000 µg/mL) and near-infrared laser light (NIR, 808 nm, 100 Jcm-2). Trolox™ at concentrations of 6 mM was additionally applied. As a positive control, irrigation with 3% NaOCl was used. After aPDT, root canals were manually enlarged and the collected dentin debris was subjected to microbial culture analysis. Bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules was verified for a distance of 300 µm. aPDT caused significant suppression of E. faecalis up to a maximum of 2.9 log counts (ICG 250 µg/mL). Additional application of TroloxTM resulted in increased antibacterial activity for aPDT with ICG 500 µg/mL. The efficiency of aPDT was comparable to NaOCl-irrigation inside the dentinal tubules. In conclusion, ICG significantly suppressed E. faecalis. Additional application of TroloxTM showed only minor enhancement. Future studies should also address the effects of TroloxTM on other photodynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Jena, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (M.R.); (J.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (U.S.-S.); (B.S.)
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2
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Fang L, Zhou H, Cheng L, Wang Y, Liu F, Wang S. The application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a drug delivery vehicle in oral disease treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1124411. [PMID: 36864881 PMCID: PMC9971568 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1124411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) hold promise as safer and more effective medication delivery vehicles for treating oral disorders. As the drug's delivery system, MSNs adapt to effectively combine with a variety of medications to get over systemic toxicity and low solubility issues. MSNs, which operate as a common nanoplatform for the co-delivery of several compounds, increase therapy effectiveness and show promise in the fight against antibiotic resistance. MSNs offer a noninvasive and biocompatible platform for delivery that produces long-acting release by responding to minute stimuli in the cellular environmen. MSN-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontitis, cancer, dentin hypersensitivity, and dental cavities have recently been developed as a result of recent unparalleled advancements. The applications of MSNs to be embellished by oral therapeutic agents in stomatology are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Fang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huoxiang Zhou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Beijing Genomics Institution (BGI) College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Liu, ; Suping Wang,
| | - Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Liu, ; Suping Wang,
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Faus-Matoses V, Faus-Llácer V, Moradian T, Riad Deglow E, Ruiz-Sánchez C, Hamoud-Kharrat N, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Faus-Matoses I. Accuracy of Endodontic Access Cavities Performed Using an Augmented Reality Appliance: An In Vitro Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11167. [PMID: 36141439 PMCID: PMC9517686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the accuracy of endodontic access cavities created using an augmented reality appliance to those performed using the conventional technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 single-rooted anterior teeth were chosen for study and randomly divided between two study groups: Group A-endodontic access cavities created using an augmented reality appliance as a guide (n = 30) (AR); and Group B-endodontic access cavities performed with the manual (freehand) technique (n = 30) (MN). A 3D implant planning software was used to plan the endodontic access cavities for the AR group, with a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D intraoral surface scan taken preoperatively and subsequently transferred to the augmented reality device. A second CBCT scan was taken after performing the endodontic access cavities to compare the planned and performed endodontic access for accuracy. Therapeutic planning software and Student's t-test were used to analyze the cavities at the apical, coronal, and angular levels. The repeatability and reproducibility of the digital measurement technique were analyzed using Gage R&R statistical analysis. RESULTS The paired t-test found statistically significant differences between the study groups at the coronal (p = 0.0029) and apical (p = 0.0063) levels; no statistically significant differences were found between the AR and MN groups at the angular (p = 0.6596) level. CONCLUSIONS Augmented reality devices enable the safer and more accurate performance of endodontic access cavities when compared with the conventional freehand technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Faus-Llácer
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Tanaz Moradian
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Riad Deglow
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Ruiz-Sánchez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nirmine Hamoud-Kharrat
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Nair R, Jayasree S, Poornima ES, Ashique M. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis and smear layer removal in curved canals by different irrigation techniques: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:409-414. [PMID: 36187851 PMCID: PMC9520643 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_224_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various irrigation techniques have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of root canal debridement. Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial effect on Enterococcus faecalis and smear layer removal efficacy in curved canals by different irrigation techniques. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted permanent maxillary molars with curved mesiobuccal roots were inoculated with E. faecalis. The tooth samples were then divided into four groups: Group A – EndoVac, Group B – Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), Group C – Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), and Group D – Laser Irrigation with Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS). The percentage of bacterial reduction was calculated. The presence of smear layer from coronal, middle, and apical sections was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test. Intergroup comparison was made with Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: Although statistically insignificant, the irrigation techniques have shown considerable reduction in E. faecalis biofilm (P > 0.05). EndoVac, PUI, and PIPS have shown significantly higher efficacy in removing smear layer from apical third than PDT (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The newer PIPS technology can be used as an efficient tool in the decontamination of root canals. However, more clinical studies in this aspect are required to ensure more thorough debridement and disinfection of the root canal system.
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Kalay TS, Kara Y, Karaoglu SA, Kolaylı S. Evaluation of Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide in Terms of Antimicrobial Activity and Dentin Bond Strength. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1427-1436. [PMID: 34397326 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210816121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial agents are recommended for disinfection of the cavity following mechanical dental caries removal prior to application of restorative material. There is limited information about stabilized chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a cavity disinfectant. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity and effect on dentin bond strength of ClO2 compared to chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethanolic propolis extract (EPE). METHODS Antimicrobial activities of agents against oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and analyses of EPE were examined. Seventy-five mandibular third molars were sectioned, prepared and divided into five subgroups (n=15/group). Cavity disinfectants (2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, 30% EPE, 0.3% ClO2) were applied to etched dentin prior to adhesive and composite build-up. Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The SBS data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test (p <0.05). The failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope. RESULTS It was determined that the compared disinfectants were showed different inhibition zone values against oral pathogens. ClO2 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by CHX, NaOCI and EPE, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the SBS values between the disinfectant treated groups and control group. The failure modes were predominantly mixed. CONCLUSION The use of 0.3% stabilized ClO2 as a cavity disinfectant agent exhibited high antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and no adverse effects on SBS to etched dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Serin Kalay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yakup Kara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sengul Alpay Karaoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kolaylı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Ozkan HB, Cobankara FK, Sayin Z, Ozer F. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effects of Single and Combined use of Different Irrigation Solutions Against Intracanal Enterococcus Faecalis. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:250-262. [PMID: 33132388 PMCID: PMC7586900 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/3/3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study assessed the antibacterial activity of both separate and combined uses of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), MTAD, SmearClear (SC) and 13.8% chlorine dioxide (ClO2) irrigation solutions against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods Two hundred eighty single rooted human premolars were randomly grouped into 26 test and 2 control (negative and positive) groups and were incubated for 24 h with E. faecalis, except for the negative control group. The tested solutions were as follow: NaOCl; CHX; ClO2; MTAD; SC; EDTA; H2O2; NaOCl + CHX; NaOCl + MTAD; SC + NaOCl; EDTA + NaOCl; H2O2 + NaOCl; ClO2 + CHX; CHX + MTAD; SC + CHX; EDTA + CHX; CHX + H2O2; ClO2 + MTAD; SC + ClO2; EDTA + ClO2; ClO2 + H2O2; SC+MTAD; EDTA+MTAD; MTAD + H2O2; SC + H2O2; and EDTA + H2O2. Optic density values were recorded at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h and bacterial growth curve created for each solution. Results The CHX, MTAD and ClO2 showed a high potential for the elimination of E. faecalis, both alone and in all combinations. The EDTA, H2O2, H2O2+ EDTA, H2O2 + NaOCl and SC + NaOCl groups showed less antibacterial activity than the other groups. The SC + CHX group showed the best antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. Conclusion The SC + CHX combination can be recommended as the most effective irrigation regimen against E. faecalis in persistent endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Buyukozer Ozkan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Funda Kont Cobankara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zafer Sayin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fusun Ozer
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Komara I, Alfa Winata E, Susanto A, Hendiani I. Periodontal tray application of chlorine dioxide gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:194-199. [PMID: 32405222 PMCID: PMC7211895 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical improvement after periodontal tray application of chlorine dioxide gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis was studied for a period of 30 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tray fabrication was performed in a dental laboratory using the Soft - Tray Sheets (Ultradent™), whereas scaling and root planing were done using ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. A total of 36 subjects with chronic periodontitis were divided into 3 treatment groups: group I was treated with SRP procedure combined with the prescription-tray application of chlorine dioxide gel; group II was treated with SRP procedure with the application of chlorine dioxide alone; and group III was treated with SRP procedure alone. Clinical parameters examined were probing pocket depth (PPD) and papillary bleeding index (PBI); measurements were taken at baseline (day0) and 30 days after SRP (day 30). Comparison between treatment groups was tested statistically by Kruskal Wallis test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). RESULTS There were significant differences in the decrease of the average pocket depth and bleeding index in all the 3 treatment groups (P = 0.001). Decreases in the pocket depth of groups I, II, and III were 50.9%, 47.9%, and 27.8%, respectively. Decreases in the papillary bleeding index of groups I, II, and III were 88.2%, 68.9%, and 51.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION The application of chlorine dioxide gel using the custom tray after SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis showed better clinical improvement in pocket depth reduction and bleeding index compared to SRP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Komara
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Edwin Alfa Winata
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Agus Susanto
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
| | - Ina Hendiani
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
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Alghamdi F, Shakir M. The Influence of Enterococcus faecalis as a Dental Root Canal Pathogen on Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e7257. [PMID: 32292671 PMCID: PMC7152576 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontic treatment failure may occur due to different causes such as persistence of bacteria, root canals that are poorly cleaned and obturated, improper coronal seal (leakage), and untreated canals (missed canals). The main reason for endodontic failure is the presence of some species of bacteria inside the root canal system such as Enterococcus (E.) faecalis. Those bacteria are more resistant to disinfection agents, causing a persistent intra-radicular or extra-radicular infection. The current review aims to compile all the current studies concerning Enterococcus faecalis as a dental root canal pathogen that causes endodontic failure. In this systemic review, two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were searched using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among 2943 studies, only 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review for further analysis. The 11 studies give prominence to the high distribution of Enterococcus faecalis within the root canal system. These studies investigated different aspects of Enterococcus faecalis, including its prevalence, resistance mechanisms, characteristics, express survival genes, and treatment. The compiled data observed that most of the studies highlight Enterococcus faecalis as the primary pathogen associated with endodontic treatment. It has characteristic proprieties that make it capable of escaping disinfection means. Furthermore, clinical trials are required to examine E. faecalis and may provide valuable information about novel microbial detection methods to decrease the number of E. faecalis within the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwa Shakir
- Endodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Anna H, Barnabás P, Zsolt L, Romána Z. Tracking of the degradation process of chlorhexidine digluconate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in the presence of hyper-pure chlorine dioxide in endodontic disinfection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:360-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang Y, Liu H, Liu G, Xie Y, Liu X. Kinetics for diclofenac degradation by chlorine dioxide in aqueous media: Influences of natural organic matter additives. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Liu H, Liu G, Xie Y, Ni T. Oxidation of diclofenac with chlorine dioxide in aquatic environments: influences of different nitrogenous species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9449-9456. [PMID: 25604564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and emerging water pollutant, with chlorine dioxide was investigated under simulated water disinfection conditions. The reaction kinetics as functions of the initial concentrations of DCF, different nitrogenous species, and different pE values were experimentally determined. The results demonstrated that DCF reacted rapidly with ClO2, where more than 75 % of DCF (≤3.00 μM) was removed by 18.94 μM ClO2 within 60 s. All of the reactions followed pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to DCF, and the rate constant, k obs, exhibited a significant decrease from 4.21 × 10(-2) to 8.09 × 10(-3) s(-1), as the initial DCF concentration was increased from 1.00 to 5.00 μM. Furthermore, the degradation kinetics of DCF was clearly dependent on nitrogen-containing ion concentrations in the reaction solution. Ammonium and nitrite ions inhibited the DCF degradation by ClO2, whereas nitrate ion clearly initiated its promotion. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of NO2 (-) was more robust than that of NH4 (+). When the values of pE were gradually increased, the transformation of NH4 (+) to NO2 (-), and subsequently to NO3 (-), would occur, the rate constants were initially decreased, and then increased. When NH4 (+) and NO2 (-) coexisted, the inhibitory effect on the DCF degradation was less than the sum of the partial inhibitory effect. However, when NO2 (-) and NO3 (-) coexisted, the actual inhibition rate was greater than the theoretical estimate. These results indicated that the interaction of NH4 (+) and NO2 (-) was antagonistic, while the coexistence of NO2 (-) and NO3 (-) was observed to have a synergistic effect in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
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Muhammad OH, Chevalier M, Rocca JP, Brulat-Bouchard N, Medioni E. Photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic irrigation: interaction with endodontic microbial biofilm, an ex vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:171-81. [PMID: 24583092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy was introduced as an adjuvant to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement during endodontic treatment to overcome the persistence of biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to disrupt an experimental microbial biofilm inside the root canal in a clinically applicable working time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty extracted teeth were prepared and then divided in three groups. All samples were infected with an artificially formed biofilm made of Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia bacteria. First group was treated with Aseptim Plus® photo-activated (LED) disinfection system, second group by a 650 nm Diode Laser and Toluidine blue as photosensitizer, and the third group, as control group, by ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using EDTA 17% and NaOCl 2.6% solutions. The working time for all three groups was fixed at 3 min. Presence or absence of biofilm was assessed by aerobic and anaerobic cultures. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between results obtained from groups treated by Aseptim Plus® and Diode Laser (P<0.6267). In cultures of both groups there was a maximal bacterial growth. The group that was treated by ultrasonic irrigation and NaOCl and EDTA solutions had the best results (P<0.0001): there was a statistically significant reduction of bacterial load and destruction of microbial biofilm. CONCLUSION Under the condition of this study, Photodynamic therapy could not disrupt endodontic artificial microbial biofilm and could not inhibit bacterial growth in a clinically favorable working time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid H Muhammad
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - Marlene Chevalier
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Pôle Odontologie, CHU Nice Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Brulat-Bouchard
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Pôle Odontologie, CHU Nice Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Etienne Medioni
- Laboratory of Oral Health and Aging, URE 001, Faculty of Dentistry, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 24, Avenue des Diables Bleus, 06357 Nice Cedex 4, France; Pôle Odontologie, CHU Nice Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Devoluy, 06000 Nice, France.
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Fráter M, Braunitzer G, Urbán E, Bereczki L, Antal M, Nagy K. In vitro efficacy of different irrigating solutions against polymicrobial human root canal bacterial biofilms. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2013; 60:187-99. [PMID: 23827750 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.60.2013.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of five different irrigating solutions against complex polymicrobial bacterial biofilms harvested from root canals to model actual endodontic irrigation as closely as possible, and to test the efficacy of these irrigants in these conditions. Two multi-species in vitro biofilms were generated from bacterial samples taken from patients presenting with acute pulpitis. The microbial composition of these samples was characteristic of the disease. The biofilms were incubated with 1000 p.p.m. Solumium Dental (ClO(2)), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 5.25% sodium-hypochlorite (NaOCl), 5.25% Neomagnol, 10% iodine and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control. After the microbiological preparation of the samples, colony forming units (CFU) were counted. NaOCl, iodine and Neomagnol were the most effective, whilst CHXand Solumium appeared to be less effective against these specific biofilms. The efficacy of the most effective agents differed according to biofilm and application time. All irrigants were efficient to some extent, but NaOCl proved to be the most efficient, while chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) yielded the poorest results in these circumstances. The efficacy of NaOCl was already well-known, but our results also point out that iodine could have an important role in endodontic irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Fráter
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Szeged, Hungary.
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Herczegh A, Ghidan A, Friedreich D, Gyurkovics M, Bendő Z, Lohinai Z. Effectiveness of a high purity chlorine dioxide solution in eliminating intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2013; 60:63-75. [PMID: 23529300 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.60.2013.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solution in comparison to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) in the elimination of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis. After preparation the canals were irrigated with ClO2, NaOCl, CHX or physiologic saline for control. Two and five days later bacterial samples were collected and streaked onto Columbia agar. CFU/mL were counted. The canal walls were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gas phase was investigated in an upside down Petri dish where E. faecalis was inoculated onto blood agar. The irrigants were placed on absorbent paper into the cover. Bacteria were detectable in the control group, but not in any of the irrigants groups. There was a massive reinfection 2 or 5 days after irrigation in the control group. The lowest reinfection was found after the ClO2 treatment. These findings were confirmed by SEM images. We observed an antibacterial effect of ClO2 and NaOCl gas phases on E. faecalis growth, but not of CHX. ClO2 eliminates intracanal biofilm and keeps canal nearly free from bacteria. We suggest the use of high purity ClO2 as a root canal irrigant in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herczegh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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A comparison of wound healing rate following treatment with aftamed and chlorine dioxide gels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:468764. [PMID: 22666291 PMCID: PMC3362038 DOI: 10.1155/2012/468764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activities of Aftamed and chlorine dioxide gels in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Experimental Approach. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were chosen for this study, divided into 4 groups. Diabetes was induced. Two-centimeter-diameter full-thickness skin excision wounds were created. Animals were topically treated twice daily. Groups 1, the diabetic control group, were treated with 0.2 mL of sterile distilled water. Group 2 served as a reference standard were treated with 0.2 mL of Intrasite gel. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with 0.2 mL of Aftamed and 0.2 mL of chlorine dioxide gels respectively. Granulation tissue was excised on the 10th day and processed for histological and biochemical analysis. The glutathione peroxidase ,superoxide dismutase activities and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. Results. Aftamed-treated wounds exhibited significant increases in hydroxyproline, cellular proliferation, the number of blood vessels, and the level of collagen synthesis. Aftamed induced an increase in the free radical-scavenging enzyme activity and significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation levels in the
wounds as measured by the reduction in the MDA level. Conclusions. This study showed that Aftamed gel is able to significantly accelerate the process of wound healing in diabetic rats.
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de Paz LC. Redefining the Persistent Infection in Root Canals: Possible Role of Biofilm Communities. J Endod 2007; 33:652-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Camargo CHR, Siviero M, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira SHG, Carvalho CAT, Valera MC. Topographical, Diametral, and Quantitative Analysis of Dentin Tubules in the Root Canals of Human and Bovine Teeth. J Endod 2007; 33:422-6. [PMID: 17368331 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and the diameter of dentin tubules in root canals, in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds, of human and bovine teeth. Twenty-four single-rooted, human premolars were divided into four groups (n = 6): GH1, 10 to 15 years; GH2, 16 to 30 years; GH3, 31 to 45 years; and GH4, 46 to 80 years; and 24 bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n = 6): GB1, central; GB2, lateral first; GB3, lateral second; and GB4, lateral third. The crowns were removed from the specimens, which were then debrided, sectioned longitudinally in the vestibular-lingual direction, and submitted to ultrasonic cleaning. Scanning electron microscopic evaluations were made with 1,000x and 5,000x magnification. According to the root thirds, statistically significant differences were found both for the number and the diameter of dentin tubules, with the cervical third presenting the highest mean values for both specimen types. As regards the number of dentin tubules, it was observed that the bovine specimens presented a significantly higher mean value than the human specimens; this difference was not observed when the diameters of the two types were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H R Camargo
- São José dos Campos, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Fco. José Longo 777, 12245-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kim HJ, Park SH, Cho KM, Kim JW. Evaluation of time-dependent antimicrobial effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) onEnterococcus faecalisin the root canal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5395/jkacd.2007.32.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kangnung National University, Korea
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