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Raj P, McCallum JL, Kirby C, Grewal G, Yu L, Wigle JT, Netticadan T. Effects of cyanidin 3-0-glucoside on cardiac structure and function in an animal model of myocardial infarction. Food Funct 2018; 8:4089-4099. [PMID: 28990610 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanidin 3-0-glucoside (CG) is a polyphenol with potential health benefits. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the cardioprotective effects of CG in an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI), a major cause of death worldwide. Sham and MI rats were administered CG (10 mg kg-1 day-1) daily for one week prior to surgery, and 8 weeks post-surgery. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac structure and function at 4 and 8 weeks. At 4 weeks, MI rats had significantly lower body mass when compared to control rats, and CG administration significantly prevented this decrease. Four-week MI rats also showed significantly increased left ventricle dilation, end systolic and end diastolic volumes in comparison to controls, and CG significantly prevented these adverse changes. Ejection fraction was significantly lower in 4-week MI rats in comparison to controls, and CG had no effect on this parameter. At 8 weeks, body mass was significantly lower in MI rats when compared to control rats, and CG significantly prevented this decrease. At 8 weeks, MI rats showed a significant increase in left ventricle dilation and isovolumic relaxation time, while ejection fraction was significantly lower when compared to controls; these parameters were not altered by CG treatment. Eight-week MI rats had significantly higher level of oxidative stress in heart tissue in comparison to controls, and CG administration did not prevent this increase. In conclusion, administration of CG was able to significantly preserve body mass in both 4 and 8 weeks MI rats, as well as significantly prevent cardiac dilation in 4 weeks MI rats. However, CG was unable to sustain this cardioprotection, as cardiac structure and function were not significantly improved in 8 weeks MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canada.
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Ximenes CF, Rodrigues SML, Podratz PL, Merlo E, de Araújo JFP, Rodrigues LCM, Coitinho JB, Vassallo DV, Graceli JB, Stefanon I. Tributyltin chloride disrupts aortic vascular reactivity and increases reactive oxygen species production in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24509-24520. [PMID: 28900851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are environment contaminants that induce bioaccumulation and have potential toxic effects on marine species and mammals. TBT have been banned by the International Maritime Organization in 2003. However, the assessment of butyltin and metal contents in marine sediments has demonstrated high residual levels of TBT in some cases exceeding 7000 ng Sn g-1. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) level for TBT established by the World Health Organization is 0.5 μg/kg bw/day is based on genotoxicity, reproduction, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, and mainly neurotoxicity. However, their effect on the cardiovascular system is not well understood. In this study, female rats were exposed to 0.5 μg/kg/day of TBT for 15 days with the goal of understanding the effect of TBT on vascular function. Female Wistar rats were treated daily by gavage and divided into control (n = 10) and TBT (n = 10) groups. The aortic rings were incubated with phenylephrine in both the presence and absence of endothelium. The phenylephrine concentration-response curves were generated by exposing endothelium-intact samples to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), apocynin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, tiron, and allopurinol. Acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were used to evaluate the relaxation response. Exposure to TBT reduced serum 17β-estradiol E2 levels and increased vascular reactivity. After incubation with L-NAME, the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine was significantly higher. Apocynin, SOD, catalase, and tiron decreased the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine to a significantly greater extent in TBT-treated rats than in the control rat. The relaxation induced by ACh and SNP was significantly reduced in TBT rats. Exposure to TBT induced aortic wall atrophy and increased superoxide anion production and collagen deposition. These results provide evidence that exposing rats to the current ADI for TBT (0.5 μg/kg) for 15 days induced vascular dysfunction due to oxidative stress and morphological damage and should be considered an important cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Falcão Ximenes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Samya Mere Lima Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lang Podratz
- Department of Morphology/CCS, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 290440-090, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology/CCS, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 290440-090, Brazil
| | - Julia Fernandez Puñal de Araújo
- Department of Morphology/CCS, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 290440-090, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carla Melo Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Coitinho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29042-755, Brazil
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Department of Morphology/CCS, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 290440-090, Brazil.
| | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, Espirito Santo, 29042-755, Brazil.
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Xanthine Oxidase Activation Modulates the Endothelial (Vascular) Dysfunction Related to HgCl2 Exposure Plus Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 18:161-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim JE, Choi BK, Choi JY, Ryu T, Roh WS, Song SY. Role of calcium channels responsible for phenylephrine-induced contraction in rat aorta 3 days after acute myocardial infarction. Korean J Anesthesiol 2014; 66:143-52. [PMID: 24624273 PMCID: PMC3948442 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2014.66.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenylephrine (PE) produces tonic contraction through involvement of various calcium channels such as store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs) and voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs). However, the relative contribution of each calcium channel to PE-induced contraction has not been investigated in isolated rat aorta of early acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings from rats 3 days after AMI or sham-operated (SHAM) rats were prepared in an organ chamber with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution for isometric tension recording. We assessed the PE dose-response relationships in 2.5 mM calcium medium for both groups. The same procedure was repeated using rings pretreated with the SOCC inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, sarco/endoplasmic-reticulum calcium ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG), diacyl glycerol lipase inhibitor RHC80267, and sodium-calcium exchanger inhibitor 3,4-dichlorobenzamil hydrochloride for 30 minutes before addition of calcium. When ongoing tonic contraction was sustained, dose-response curves to the VOCC inhibitor nifedipine were obtained to assess the relative contribution of each calcium channel under various conditions. Results The effect of SOCC induction with TG pretreatment on PE-induced contraction was significantly lower in the AMI group compared to the SHAM group. In addition, there were significant decreases in the sensitivity and efficacy of the VOCC inhibitor nifedipine on PE-induced contraction in the AMI group. Conclusions Results suggest that the change of vascular reactivity of PE in rat aorta 3 days after AMI is characterized by a decreased contribution of L-type VOCCs. The enhanced VOCC-independent calcium entry mechanisms after AMI can be mediated by enhanced capacitative calcium entry through the activation of SOCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Ki Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chil-gok Catholic Hospital, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taeha Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woon Seok Roh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Young Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
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Faria TDO, Baldo MP, Simões MR, Pereira RB, Mill JG, Vassallo DV, Stefanon I. Body weight loss after myocardial infarction in rats as a marker of early heart failure development. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:274-80. [PMID: 21820605 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We evaluated the use of body weight (BW) loss soon after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats as a marker of acute heart failure (HF). METHODS Female Wistar rats (200-240 g) were submitted either to sham operation or to coronary artery occlusion. In individual cages, daily BW and food and water intake were measured. Seven days later, cardiac function was evaluated by left ventricular catheterization. HF was defined by a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval. MI group was then divided into those that developed HF (n = 27; MI-HF) and those that did not (n = 47; MI). RESULTS The MI-HF group experienced increased BW loss (sham: 4.2 ± 0.6% MI: 0.4 ± 0.8%, MI-HF: -4.9 ± 1.2%; p <0.05) and reduced water and food intake compared with other groups. HF animals showed greater lung weight (sham: 1.460 ± 0.076 g, MI: 1.748 ± 0.086 g, MI-HF: 2.033 ± 0.13 g; p <0.05). Infarct area was significantly different between the groups (MI: 35.9 ± 0.9%, MI-HF: 39.7 ± 1.3%; p <0.05). ROC curve showed that BW loss over 7 days has 100% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity for identifying acute HF. Moreover, excluding the effect of infarct area on these results, a sample of animals with the same infarct area displayed similar morphometric and hemodynamic patterns as the entire sample. Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed that BW loss is a HF marker independent of infarct area. CONCLUSIONS BW is an easy and reliable noninvasive method to detect HF early after MI in rats.
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Stefanon I, Cade JR, Fernandes AA, Ribeiro Junior RF, Targueta GP, Mill JG, Vassallo DV. Ventricular performance and Na+-K+ ATPase activity are reduced early and late after myocardial infarction in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 42:902-11. [PMID: 19787147 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009005000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction leads to compensatory ventricular remodeling. Disturbances in myocardial contractility depend on the active transport of Ca2+ and Na+, which are regulated by Na+-K+ ATPase. Inappropriate regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase activity leads to excessive loss of K+ and gain of Na+ by the cell. We determined the participation of Na+-K+ ATPase in ventricular performance early and late after myocardial infarction. Wistar rats (8-10 per group) underwent left coronary artery ligation (infarcted, Inf) or sham-operation (Sham). Ventricular performance was measured at 3 and 30 days after surgery using the Langendorff technique. Left ventricular systolic pressure was obtained under different ventricular diastolic pressures and increased extracellular Ca2+ concentrations (Ca2+e) and after low and high ouabain concentrations. The baseline coronary perfusion pressure increased 3 days after myocardial infarction and normalized by 30 days (Sham 3 = 88 +/- 6; Inf 3 = 130 +/- 9; Inf 30 = 92 +/- 7 mmHg; P < 0.05). The inotropic response to Ca2+e and ouabain was reduced at 3 and 30 days after myocardial infarction (Ca2+ = 1.25 mM; Sham 3 = 70 +/- 3; Inf 3 = 45 +/- 2; Inf 30 = 29 +/- 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), while the Frank-Starling mechanism was preserved. At 3 and 30 days after myocardial infarction, ventricular Na+-K+ ATPase activity and contractility were reduced. This Na+-K+ ATPase hypoactivity may modify the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemma resulting in ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stefanon
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.
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Pinto VD, Cutini GJS, Sartório CL, Paigel AS, Vassallo DV, Stefanon I. Enhanced beta-adrenergic response in rat papillary muscle by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase after myocardial infarction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 190:111-7. [PMID: 17394569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Myocardial infarction (MI) induces a progressive ventricular remodelling leading to a contractility depression. During the acute phase of MI inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production increases in the heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of iNOS in the left ventricular contractility at 3 days after MI. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into: sham operated (SHAM, n = 23), infarction (INF, n = 18); sham operated plus the iNOS inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea (SMT) 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1), i.p. treatment (SHAM-SMT, n = 26) and infarction plus SMT (INF-SMT, n = 22). Concentration-response curves for isoprenaline, Ca(2+) and frequency-force curve were studied in isolated papillary muscle from left ventricle. RESULTS After 3 days infarct area was similar between groups. SMT treatment reduced the time to peak tension during frequency-force curve in the infarct group (SHAM = 63 +/- 3; SHAM-SMT = 71 +/- 3; INF = 90 +/- 4; INF-SMT = 79 +/- 4 ms, P < 0.05) and increased the maximal response to isoprenaline (SHAM = 0.93 +/- 0.11; SHAM-SMT = 1.13 +/- 0.1; INF =0.84 +/- 0.16; INF-SMT = 1.49 +/- 0.15 g mm(-2), P < 0.05). The response to Ca(2+) was equally reduced in the INF and INF-SMT groups. SMT treatment did not change the reduced post-rest potentiation performed by INF group, but attenuated the plasma nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels in the INF group without any haemodynamic effect. CONCLUSION These finding suggest that at 3 days after MI the iNOS modulates the isolated papillary muscle response to isoprenaline and its inhibition improves the beta-adrenergic inotropic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Pinto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
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Bopp C, Gust R, Taut F, Gries A, Martin E, Klein A. Responsiveness to inhaled NO in isolated-perfused lungs from endotoxin-challenged rats is dependent on endogenous nitrite/nitrate synthesis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007; 24:362-9. [PMID: 17094870 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021506001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In isolated-perfused lungs of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats, vasodilatation to inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is impaired. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) by aminoguanidine (AG) prevented hyporesponsiveness to inhaled NO. Here, we investigated whether NOS2-mediated nitrite/nitrate synthesis modulates responsiveness to inhaled NO. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneally 0.5 mg kg(-1) LPS. Four hours later, LPS-treated rats received 3, 10 or 30 mg kg(-1) AG or 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg kg(-1) S-methylisothiourea (SMT) by intraperitoneal injection. Sixteen to eighteen hours later, lungs were isolated and perfused, and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) was elevated by 6-8 mmHg using the thromboxane analogue U46619. The decrease of PAP in response to inhaled NO and nitrate/nitrite levels in serum and perfusate was measured. RESULTS In rats treated with LPS alone or 0.01 or 0.1 mg kg(-1) SMT, 40 ppm NO decreased PAP less than in rats treated with AG and 1 mg kg(-1) SMT (-1.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -1.5 to -2.1) vs. -6.0 mmHg (-5.7 to -6.3), P < 0.01). Improved NO responsiveness was associated with lower serum and perfusate nitrite/nitrate levels than in rats with hyporesponsiveness to inhaled NO (102 micromol (82-122) vs. 282 micromol (261-303) and 8.1 micromol (6.9-9.3) vs. 19.8 micromol (17.2-22.4), respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate that in isolated-perfused lungs of LPS-treated rats, NOS2 inhibition improved responsiveness to inhaled NO. Here, responsiveness to inhaled NO is dependent on the ability of NOS2 inhibitors to reduce nitrite and nitrate levels in serum and released in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Bopp
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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