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Williams M, Shamsi S, Williams T, Hernandez-Jover M. Bacteria of Zoonotic Interest Identified on Edible Freshwater Fish Imported to Australia. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061288. [PMID: 36981215 PMCID: PMC10048124 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that freshwater edible fish imported into Australia are not compliant with Australian importation guidelines and as a result may be high risk for bacterial contamination. In the present study, the outer surface of imported freshwater fish were swabbed, cultured, confirmatory tests performed and antimicrobial patterns investigated. Channidae fish (Sp. A/n = 66) were contaminated with zoonotic Salmonella sp./Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1/66) and other bacteria implicated in cases of opportunistic human infection, these being Pseudomonas sp. (including P. mendocina and P. pseudoalcaligenes (n = 34/66)); Micrococcus sp. (n = 32/66); Comamonas testosteroni (n = 27/66) and Rhizobium radiobacter (n = 3/66). Pangasiidae fish (Species B/n = 47) were contaminated with zoonotic Vibrio fluvialis (n = 10/47); Salmonella sp. (n = 6/47) and environmental bacteria Micrococcus sp. (n = 3/47). One sample was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and is considered to be Methicillin Resistant S. aureus. Mud, natural diet, or vegetation identified in Sp. A fish/or packaging were significantly associated with the presence of Pseudomonas spp. The study also showed that visibly clean fish (Sp. B) may harbour zoonotic bacteria and that certain types of bacteria are common to fish groups, preparations, and contaminants. Further investigations are required to support the development of appropriate food safety recommendations in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Williams
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Thomas Williams
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Marta Hernandez-Jover
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences & Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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Hartman RE, Freyer CW, Athans V, McCurdy SR, Frey NV. Central line-associated Rhizobium radiobacter bloodstream infection in two allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023:10781552231161826. [PMID: 36919273 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231161826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhizobium radiobacter is a gram-negative, opportunistic phytopathogen that rarely causes human infections. We report two cases of Rhizobium radiobacter central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) recipients. We review previous reports and common microbiological characteristics associated with this organism. CASE REPORTS Two adult males developed R. radiobacter CLABSIs at day +81 and day +77 post-alloHCT. Patient one was asymptomatic on presentation while patient two was febrile. One patient had a polymicrobial infection, which has not been previously described. The presence of high-level ceftazidime resistance in both patients suggests third-generation cephalosporin resistance may be more common than previously recognized. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME For both patients, microbiologic clearance was achieved through peripherally inserted central catheter removal and initiation of intravenous cefepime. Antibiotic therapy was narrowed to oral levofloxacin for a total 14-day course from the time of first negative blood culture. There has been no subsequent recurrence of R. radiobacter infection at 12 and 5 months of follow-up for patients one and two, respectively. DISCUSSION These two cases add to the scant literature characterizing R. radiobacter infection following alloHCT. Immunosuppressive agents for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis may have predisposed these patients to R. radiobacter infection. Our reports, and previously reported cases, suggest R. radiobacter exhibits low virulence, mild symptom burden, and does not confer a high mortality risk. In the alloHCT setting, further accumulation of cases is needed to aid in understanding clinical features and characteristics of R. radiobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hartman
- Department of Pharmacy, 21798Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig W Freyer
- Department of Pharmacy, 21798Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vasilios Athans
- Department of Pharmacy, 21798Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shannon R McCurdy
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology and Oncology, 21798Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noelle V Frey
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Abramson Cancer Center and the Division of Hematology and Oncology, 21798Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Agrobacterium species bacteraemia, Switzerland, 2008 to 2019: a molecular epidemiological study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 35264215 PMCID: PMC8908629 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agrobacterium spp. are infrequent agents of bloodstream infections linked to healthcare-associated outbreaks. However, it is unclear if outbreaks also occur across larger geographic areas. Triggered by two local clusters from putative point sources, our aim was to detect potential additional clusters in Switzerland. Methods We performed a nationwide descriptive study of cases in Switzerland based on a prospective surveillance system (Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance, anresis.ch), from 2008 to 2019. We identified patients with Agrobacterium spp. isolated from blood cultures and used a survey to collect clinical-epidemiological information and susceptibility testing results. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of available clinical isolates and determined their relatedness by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant calling analysis. Results We identified a total of 36 cases of Agrobacterium spp. from blood samples over 10 years. Beyond previously known local clusters, no new ones were identified. WGS-based typing was performed on 22 available isolates and showed no clonal relationships between newly identified isolates or to those from the known clusters, with all isolates outside these clusters being at least 50 SNPs apart. Conclusion and relevance Agrobacterium spp. bacteraemia is infrequently detected and, given that it may be healthcare-associated and stem from a point source, occurrence of multiple episodes should entail an outbreak investigation. With the help of the national antimicrobial resistance surveillance system we identified multiple clinical cases of this rare pathogen but found no evidence by WGS that suggested a nation-wide outbreak. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-022-01086-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.L. Lui
- Division of Nephrology University Department of Medicine Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - W.K. Lo
- Division of Nephrology University Department of Medicine Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Wang DL, Zhao LD, Li LJ, Zhou MJ. Septic shock caused by Rhizobium radiobacter in an elderly woman: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18267. [PMID: 31804363 PMCID: PMC6919393 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Rhizobium radiobacter is a Gram-negative pathogen present in soil and plants. Cases of R radiobacter infection in immunocompromised hosts have been sporadically reported. However, septic shock caused by R radiobacter is rarely seen. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we describe an elderly patient with a rapid progression of watery diarrhea, anorexia, fever, weakness, oliguria, and shock. Blood results showed increased total white blood cell count and C-reactive protein. Arterial blood gas results showed hypoxia and elevated lactate level. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 11. Blood culture at admission showed Gram-negative bacteria, which were later confirmed as R radiobacter. DIAGNOSIS Septic shock caused by R Radiobacter. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with intravenous cefoperazone/sulbactam and sequential oral levofloxacin. OUTCOMES The patient recovered completely. CONCLUSION R radiobacter may be considered as a potential opportunistic pathogen that may cause severe sepsis in elderly patients, especially those with multiple underlying diseases.
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Fenner BJ, Kumar A, Tan NY, Ang M. Case of isolated Rhizobium radiobacter contact lens-related infectious keratitis: A plant microbe now emerging as a human pathogen. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 15:100476. [PMID: 31194053 PMCID: PMC6545415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of contact lens-related infectious keratitis caused by the Gram-negative plant pathogen Rhizobium radiobacter. Observations A 26-year old lady with history of contact lens use presented with three weeks history of right eye redness and pain, with the left eye also being involved in the past week. Slit lamp examination of the right eye demonstrated multiple faint subepithelial and stromal infiltrates with no overlying epithelial defect, and no anterior chamber activity. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated multiple hyper-reflective foci scattered at various depths of the corneal stroma. Corneal scrapings grew Rhizobium radiobacter, and culture-directed antibiotic therapy with topical gentamicin and levofloxacin resulted in slow clinical improvement of the R. radiobacter keratitis without visual sequelae. Conclusions and importance We have described the clinical features, microbial susceptibilities, and response to treatment in a case of R. radiobacter infectious keratitis. R. radiobacter has recently emerged as a source for several ocular and systemic infections and was identified in a series of polymicrobial keratitis cases. Our case report of monomicrobial R. radiobacter keratitis adds to the sparse literature on this uncommon but potentially sight-threatening infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau J. Fenner
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Y.Q. Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Duke National University of Singapore, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore
- Corresponding author. Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore.
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Nonunion Humerous Fracture Infection Caused by Rhizobium radiobacter in a 24-Year-Old Healthy Patient: A Rare Case Report. Case Rep Infect Dis 2018; 2018:8627165. [PMID: 30159185 PMCID: PMC6109574 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8627165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Rhizobium radiobacter is a pathogen commonly found in soil and plants, human disease caused by the Rhizobium genus is rare and cited in immunocompromised patients and in those who carry foreign plastic bodies such as catheters. We present a case of a 24-year-old woman with an adequate immune system who underwent surgery for an open fracture of the right tibia and humerus due to a car accident. One year later, she was readmitted to the hospital, due to a nonunion of the humeral fracture for surgical debridement and revision of the internal fixation with iliac crest autograft. Rhizobium radiobacter was isolated from the nonunion site, and the patient was treated with intramuscular administration of amikacin for 3 weeks followed by doxycycline per os for 8 weeks. After 3 months, the patient showed complete remission of the infection, substantial improvement, and union on the X-ray images. This is the first case of Rhizobium radiobacter infection in a patient with an adequate immune system that did not carry any foreign body and probably was initially infected due to open wound exposure to soil. Treatment of R. radiobacter infections should be individualised according to the antimicrobial susceptibility test for a successful infection management.
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Kuchibiro T, Hirayama K, Houdai K, Nakamura T, Ohnuma K, Tomida J, Kawamura Y. First case report of sepsis caused by Rhizobium pusense in Japan. JMM Case Rep 2018; 5:e005135. [PMID: 29568532 PMCID: PMC5857370 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Species of the genus Rhizobium are opportunistic, usually saprophytic, glucose-non-fermenting, Gram-negative bacilli found in agricultural soil. Rhizobium pusense infections are the least common Rhizobium infections and have low incidence. Case presentation Herein, we report the first case of sepsis with R. pusense in Japan in a 67-year-old Japanese woman with a history of hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroidism and osteoporosis. She had undergone cerebrovascular treatment because she was diagnosed with a subarachnoid haemorrhage. The results of postoperative blood culture showed oxidase-positive, urease-positive, non-lactose-fermenting Gram-stain-negative rods. Using the Vitek2 system, the isolate was distinctly identified as Rhizobium radiobacter. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed 99.93 % similarity with the type strain of R. pusense and 99.06 % similarity with the type strain of R. radiobacter. Additional gene sequencing analysis using recA (97.2 %) and atpD (96.2 %) also showed that the isolated strain is most closely related to R. pusense. The patient was cured by treatment using intravenous meropenem (3 g/d) for 4 weeks and was discharged safely. Conclusion The definite source of sepsis was unknown. However, the possibility of having been infected through the catheter during the cerebrovascular operation was speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kuchibiro
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Naga Municipal Hospital, 1282 Uchita, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6414, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Hirayama
- Department of Neurosurgery Medicine, Naga Municipal Hospital, 1282 Uchita, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6414, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Houdai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Naga Municipal Hospital, 1282 Uchita, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6414, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kenichirou Ohnuma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokichou, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Junko Tomida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan
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Tiwari S, Beriha SS. Primary Bacteremia Caused by Rhizobium radiobacter in Neonate: A Rare Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DD01-2. [PMID: 26557521 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15101.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium radiobacter is a gram-negative tumourigenic plant pathogen that rarely causes infections in humans. Rhizobium radiobacter has a strong predilection to cause infection particularly in those patients who have long standing indwelling foreign devices. Herewith we report a rare case of Rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia in a new born baby without other risk factors. The patient was successfully treated with gentamicin and imipenem. To the best of our knowledge this is the first documented case of R. radiobacter from India causing neonatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekant Tiwari
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Siba Shanker Beriha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, SVBP Post Graduate Institute of Paediatrics , Shishu Bhawan, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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Impact of metagenomic DNA extraction procedures on the identifiable endophytic bacterial diversity in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:104-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pascart T, Ducoulombier V, Budzik JF, Dehecq E, Houvenagel E. Spondylodiscitis due to Rhizobium radiobacter. Med Mal Infect 2015; 45:181-2. [PMID: 25868625 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Pascart
- Department of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, rue du Grand-But, 59160 Lomme, France.
| | - V Ducoulombier
- Department of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, rue du Grand-But, 59160 Lomme, France
| | - J F Budzik
- Department of Radiology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lomme, France
| | - E Dehecq
- Department of Microbiology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lomme, France
| | - E Houvenagel
- Department of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, rue du Grand-But, 59160 Lomme, France
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Stanfield RL, De Castro C, Marzaioli AM, Wilson IA, Pantophlet R. Crystal structure of the HIV neutralizing antibody 2G12 in complex with a bacterial oligosaccharide analog of mammalian oligomannose. Glycobiology 2014; 25:412-9. [PMID: 25380763 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a major public health threat that continues to infect millions of people worldwide each year. A prophylactic vaccine remains the most cost-effective way of globally reducing and eliminating the spread of the virus. The HIV envelope spike, which is the target of many vaccine design efforts, is densely mantled with carbohydrate and several potent broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 recognize carbohydrate on the envelope spike as a major part of their epitope. However, immunizing with recombinant forms of the envelope glycoprotein does not typically elicit anti-carbohydrate antibodies. Thus, studies of alternative antigens that may serve as a starting point for carbohydrate-based immunogens are of interest. Here, we present the crystal structure of one such anti-carbohydrate HIV neutralizing antibody (2G12) in complex with the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide from Rhizobium radiobacter strain Rv3, which exhibits a chemical structure that naturally mimics the core high-mannose carbohydrate epitope of 2G12 on HIV-1 gp120. The structure described here provides molecular evidence of the structural homology between the Rv3 oligosaccharide and highly abundant carbohydrates on the surface of HIV-1 and raises the potential for the design of novel glycoconjugates that may find utility in efforts to develop immunogens for eliciting carbohydrate-specific neutralizing antibodies to HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto M Marzaioli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps CHAVI-ID, and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Chao CM, Tsai TC, Lai CC. Secondary Peritonitis Due toRhizobium radiobacter. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2014; 15:141-3. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chih Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ponnapula S, Swanson JM, Wood GC, Boucher BA, Wells DL, Croce MA, Fabian TC. Treatment of Rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia in a critically ill trauma patient. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47:1584-7. [PMID: 24259594 DOI: 10.1177/1060028013500942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the first case of Rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia in a critically ill trauma patient. CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old female trauma patient hospitalized at The Regional Medical Center at Memphis developed bacteremia due to Rhizobium radiobacter on hospital day 9. The central line catheter tip culture from the same hospital day was negative. No source for the R radiobacter bacteremia was identified. Empirical and definitive antibiotic therapy consisted of cefepime 2 g intravenously every 8 hours for at total of 8 days. On completion of antibiotics, the patient demonstrated clinical resolution by immediate defervescence and gradual normalization of her white blood cell count. She demonstrated microbiologic success of therapy with negative blood cultures on hospital days 22, 34, 45, and 61. She was discharged on hospital day 80. DISCUSSION Rhizobium species are common soil and plant pathogens that rarely cause infections in humans. Previous reports of Rhizobium infections have been in immunocompromised patients; generally those with cancer or HIV infection. Intravenous catheters have commonly been cited as the source of infection. The trauma patient in this case constitutes a unique presentation of R radiobacter bacteremia when compared with other case reports. Her indwelling catheter was not the source of her infection, and her only identifiable risk factor for R radiobacter infection was hospitalization. However, she did possess potential reasons for development of an infection with an unusual organism such as R radiobacter. Potential immune modulating therapies included blood transfusions, opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, general anesthetics, and surgical procedures. Finally, trauma itself has been associated with some degree of immunosuppression. All these issues may have placed the patient in this case at risk of an opportunistic infection like R radiobacter. CONCLUSION Based on this case, R radiobacter may be considered a potential pathogen causing bacteremia in critically ill trauma patients.
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Three cases of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis due to Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) radiobacter. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:1487-90. [PMID: 22259203 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.06106-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present three unrelated post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis cases caused by Rhizobium radiobacter, hospitalized in three different hospitals. Early diagnosis was obtained in two cases by bacterial DNA detection in vitreous samples. All patients recovered from infection, but pars plana vitrectomy was needed in two patients due to rapid clinical deterioration.
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Marta R, Dâmaso C, Silva JED, Almeida M. Peritonitis due to Rhizobium radiobacter. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2011; 9:389-90. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082011rc2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rhizobium radiobacter (Agrobacterium radiobacter) is an aerobic Gram-negative rod belonging to Agrobacterium genus, a group of phytopathogenic bacteria present in the soil that has been implicated in human opportunistic infections. We report a clinical case of bacterial peritonitis in a 5-year-old child with chronic renal disease in peritoneal dialysis, who had a history of direct soil contact identified. The infection was treated with ceftazidime and piperaciline+tazobactam without relapses or the need to remove the peritoneal dialysis catheter.
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Multilocus sequence-based analysis delineates a clonal population of Agrobacterium (Rhizobium) radiobacter (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) of human origin. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:2608-18. [PMID: 21398532 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00107-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Agrobacterium includes plant-associated bacteria and opportunistic human pathogens. Taxonomy and nomenclature within the genus remain controversial. In particular, isolates of human origin were all affiliated with the species Agrobacterium (Rhizobium) radiobacter, while phytopathogenic strains were designated under the synonym denomination Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In order to study the relative distribution of Agrobacterium strains according to their origins, we performed a multilocus sequence-based analysis (MLSA) on a large collection of 89 clinical and environmental strains from various origins. We proposed an MLSA scheme based on the partial sequence of 7 housekeeping genes (atpD, zwf, trpE, groEL, dnaK, glnA, and rpoB) present on the circular chromosome of A. tumefaciens C58. Multilocus phylogeny revealed that 88% of the clinical strains belong to genovar A7, which formed a homogeneous population with linkage disequilibrium, suggesting a low rate of recombination. Comparison of genomic fingerprints obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that the strains of genovar A7 were epidemiologically unrelated. We present genetic evidence that genovar A7 may constitute a human-associated population distinct from the environmental population. Also, phenotypic characteristics, such as culture at 42°C, agree with this statement. This human-associated population might represent a potential novel species in the genus Agrobacterium.
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Sood S, Nerurkar V, Malvankar S. Catheter associated bloodstream infection caused by R. radiobacter. Indian J Med Microbiol 2010; 28:62-4. [PMID: 20061769 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.58734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium radiobacter is a gram negative bacillus that is infrequently recognized in clinical specimens but is emerging as an opportunistic human pathogen. Infections due to Rhizobium radiobacter are strongly related to the presence of foreign plastic material and effective treatment often requires removal of the device. We report a case of R. radiobacter bloodstream infection associated with a central venous catheter which was easily controlled by antimicrobial treatment and did not require removal of intravascular device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report from India implicating R. radiobacter as a cause of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sood
- Department of Lab Medicine, Super Religare Laboratories, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Kato J, Mori T, Sugita K, Aisa Y, Ikeda Y, Okamoto S. Central line-associated bacteremia caused by Rhizobium radiobacter after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2009; 11:380-1. [PMID: 19413725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2009.00396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Detrait M, D'Hondt L, André M, Lonchay C, Holemans X, Maton JP, Canon JL. Agrobacterium radiobacter bacteremia in oncologic and geriatric patients: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2008; 12:e7-10. [PMID: 18539494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report here two cases of Agrobacterium radiobacter bacteremia. These cases were observed at the same institution over a short time period (3 months). CASE REPORTS The first patient was a female cancer patient receiving third-line chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma. When she developed bacteremia, she was neutropenic and had an indwelling catheter that was removed as part of the treatment. The second case was a geriatric patient admitted from home with bacteremia, clinical signs of septic shock, and concomitant acute cholecystitis. OUTCOME Both patients responded promptly and completely to antibiotherapy. No recurrence was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Detrait
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Notre-Dame et Reine Fabiola, Grand'Rue, 3, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium
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21
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Petrunia IV, Frolova OY, Komarova TV, Kiselev SL, Citovsky V, Dorokhov YL. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced bacteraemia does not lead to reporter gene expression in mouse organs. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2352. [PMID: 18523638 PMCID: PMC2396281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the main plant biotechnology gene transfer tool with host range which can be extended to non-plant eukaryotic organisms under laboratory conditions. Known medical cases of Agrobacterium species isolation from bloodstream infections necessitate the assessment of biosafety-related risks of A. tumefaciens encounters with mammalian organisms. Here, we studied the survival of A. tumefaciens in bloodstream of mice injected with bacterial cultures. Bacterial titers of 10(8) CFU were detected in the blood of the injected animals up to two weeks after intravenous injection. Agrobacteria carrying Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter-based constructs and isolated from the injected mice retained their capacity to promote green fluorescent protein (GFP) synthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. To examine whether or not the injected agrobacteria are able to express in mouse organs, we used an intron-containing GFP (GFPi) reporter driven either by a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter or by a CaMV 35S promoter. Western and northern blot analyses as well as RT-PCR analysis of liver, spleen and lung of mice injected with A. tumefaciens detected neither GFP protein nor its transcripts. Thus, bacteraemia induced in mice by A. tumefaciens does not lead to detectable levels of genetic transformation of mouse organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Petrunia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Y. Frolova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Komarova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey L. Kiselev
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuri L. Dorokhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Rhizobium radiobacter as an opportunistic pathogen in central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection: case report and review. J Hosp Infect 2008; 68:203-7. [PMID: 18289729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium radiobacter is an uncommon opportunistic pathogen present in soil. It has been particularly associated with indwelling intravascular devices in immunocompromised patients. In this report, we summarise the case of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed R. radiobacter bacteraemia during autologous stem cell leucopheresis. Retrospective investigation revealed exposure to soil after central venous catheter placement for chemotherapy and leucopheresis access. This is the first reported case of R. radiobacter bacteraemia following probable colonisation of the catheter from soil exposure. We further review the existing literature to delineate prevention and treatment recommendations for line-associated R. radiobacter infections.
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Delpino MV, Estein SM, Fossati CA, Baldi PC. Partial protection against Brucella infection in mice by immunization with nonpathogenic alphaproteobacteria. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 14:1296-301. [PMID: 17715332 PMCID: PMC2168122 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00459-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous findings indicate that Brucella antigens and those from nonpathogenic alphaproteobacteria (NPAP) are cross-recognized by the immune system. We hypothesized that immunization with NPAP would protect mice from Brucella infection. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed Ochrobactrum anthropi, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Mesorhizobium loti, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, or Brucella melitensis H38 (standard positive control) before intravenous challenge with Brucella abortus 2308. Cross-reacting serum antibodies against Brucella antigens were detected at the moment of challenge in all NPAP-immunized mice. Thirty days after B. abortus challenge, splenic CFU counts were significantly lower in mice immunized with O. anthropi, M. loti, and B. melitensis H38 than in the phosphate-buffered saline controls (protection levels were 0.80, 0.66, and 1.99 log units, respectively). In mice immunized intraperitoneally with cytosoluble extracts from NPAP or Brucella abortus, protection levels were 1.58 for the latter, 0.63 for O. anthropi, and 0.40 for M. loti. To test whether the use of live NPAP would increase protection further, mice were both immunized and challenged by the oral route. Immunization with NPAP induced a significant increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), but not serum or fecal IgA, against Brucella antigens. After challenge, anti-Brucella IgA increased significantly in the sera and feces of mice orally immunized with O. anthropi. For all NPAP, protection levels were higher than those obtained with systemic immunizations but were lower than those obtained by oral immunization with heat-killed B. abortus. These results show that immunization with NPAP, especially O. anthropi, confers partial protection against Brucella challenge. However, such protection is lower than that conferred by immunization with whole Brucella or its cytosoluble fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Estudios de la Immunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nelson J, Bivens A, Shinn A, Wanzer L, Kasper C. Microbial flora on operating room telephones. AORN J 2006; 83:607-11, 613-7, 619-20 passim. [PMID: 16579120 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 500,000 surgical site infections (SSIs) occur each year in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if the bacteria most frequently involved in SSIs could be found on telephones in the OR. Twenty-six cultures were taken from telephones in 14 ORs and two substerile rooms at a large teaching medical center. Using standard laboratory procedures, the researchers identified coagulase-negative staphylococci in the cultures. The study found that telephones in the OR can serve as reservoirs for SSI-causing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Nelson
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Delpino MV, Fossati CA, Baldi PC. Occurrence and potential diagnostic applications of serological cross-reactivities between Brucella and other alpha-proteobacteria. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 11:868-73. [PMID: 15358645 PMCID: PMC515275 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.5.868-873.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium, Sinorhizobium, and Ochrobactrum are genera closely related to Brucella but, in contrast to the latter, are not pathogenic for humans and animals. We studied by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the reactivities of brucellosis sera against cytosolic (CYT) and membrane (MA) antigens from these nonpathogenic bacteria, and we evaluated the potential usefulness of these cross-reactions for the diagnosis of brucellosis in humans, sheep, cows, and dogs. Canine infection by Brucella canis was detected with high specificity by CYT antigen-based ELISAs (96% for Agrobacterium, 96% for Sinorhizobium, and 91% for Ochrobactrum), while sensitivity was variable (58% for Agrobacterium, 88% for Sinorhizobium, and 84% for Ochrobactrum). In addition, it was possible to diagnose canine disease shortly after exposure to the pathogen (15 days). Similar results for canine brucellosis were obtained with MA antigens. In contrast, normal sera from humans, sheep, and cattle reacted strongly with all the antigens (CYT and MA antigens from the three bacteria), producing high cutoff values and, consequently, low sensitivities. While for some host species the reactivity patterns of normal sera by Western blotting were similar to those produced with sera from infected individuals, the reactivity pattern of bovine sera against Sinorhizobium meliloti antigens exhibited some differential bands for the two groups of sera. These results show that crude fractions from nonpathogenic alpha-proteobacteria can be used to diagnose canine brucellosis but may need to be further separated into simpler fractions to have diagnostic usefulness in ovine, bovine, or human infection. By reducing the biosafety requirements, the use of antigens derived from these nonpathogenic bacteria would simplify the production of diagnostic kits for brucellosis, especially in settings where biosafety level-3 facilities are scarce or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Giammanco GM, Pignato S, Santangelo C, Grimont PAD, Grimont F, Giammanco G. Molecular typing of Agrobacterium species isolates from catheter-related bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 25:885-7. [PMID: 15518035 DOI: 10.1086/502315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium isolates from intravenous catheters of three hospitalized patients were initially identified as A. tumefaciens, but inability to produce 3-ketolactose revealed that two of them were A. vitis. However, rDNA analysis correlated all of the isolates to A. tumefaciens. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis ascertained the nosocomial transmission of the infection.
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