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Kim MGJ, Payne S, Post J. A subacute presentation of Mycoplasma hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e252972. [PMID: 36319037 PMCID: PMC9628652 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is a rare but important cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis. It is usually associated with acute progression of symptoms and can be difficult to diagnose as it does not grow in standard culture media. We report a case of an immunocompetent man in his 70s who presented with 14-month subacute decline with shortness of breath and evidence of a splenic infarct. Following a redo aortic valve replacement and diagnosis of M. hominis through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid PCR, he improved clinically with oral doxycycline therapy. He remained well at follow-up 2 years post-cessation of antibiotics. We present a literature review highlighting the role of PCR testing in the microbiological identification of M. hominis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Gyu Joshua Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susannah Payne
- Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Post
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Bustos-Merlo A, Rosales-Castillo A, Cobo F, Hidalgo-Tenorio C. Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis by Mycoplasma hominis: Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133841. [PMID: 35807126 PMCID: PMC9267468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is a habitual colonizing microorganism of the lower genital tract but can exceptionally be the causal agent of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (IE). Only 11 cases of this entity have been published to date. The study objectives were to describe the first case diagnosed in our center of IE by M. hominis on pacemaker lead and to carry out a narrative review. Among published cases of IE by this microorganism, 72.7% were male, with a mean age of 45 years and a history of valve surgery; the diagnosis was by culture (54.5%) or molecular technique (45.5%), and the prognosis was favorable in 72.7% of cases. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were doxycycline, quinolones, and clindamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bustos-Merlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Fernando Cobo
- Department of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-627-010-441
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Dawood H, Nasir S, Khair RM, Dawood M. Infective Endocarditis Secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Cureus 2021; 13:e17461. [PMID: 34603862 PMCID: PMC8475736 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a gram-positive bacterium most commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia in adults. It can also involve other systems of the body. Cardiovascular complications include pericarditis, myocarditis, congestive cardiac failure, and, rarely, infective endocarditis. We report a case of infective endocarditis secondary to MP infection in an adult. We treated our patient with doxycycline, which showed significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Nasir
- Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Reem M Khair
- Internal Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, IRL
| | - Mustafa Dawood
- Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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Givone F, Peghin M, Vendramin I, Carletti S, Tursi V, Pasciuta R, Livi U, Bassetti M. Salvage heart transplantation for Mycoplasma hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis: A case report and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13249. [PMID: 31977151 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart transplantation (HT) has been rarely performed in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and is considered a "last resort" procedure. Orthotropic HT with bicaval technique was performed in a man with culture-negative endocarditis. Mycoplasma hominis was later detected using 16S ribosomal DNA PCR from surgically removed valve tissue. Literature review and previous results are summarized. HT may be considered as salvage treatment in selected patients with intractable IE. In cases when there is no growth in culture, 16S ribosomal DNA PCR sequencing can be used to identify the pathogen in excised valvular tissue. Mycoplasma spp. is extremely uncommon and difficult to diagnose cause of infective endocarditis (IE). There are no proposed or defined criteria for heart transplantation (HT) in patients with refractory IE, and HT has been rarely performed in this setting. We report a case of M hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosed by 16S ribosomal DNA PCR in a patient who underwent a salvage HT. We reviewed in the literature other cases of IE caused by Mycoplasma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Givone
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Maddalena Peghin
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy
| | - Igor Vendramin
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Carletti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tursi
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Renée Pasciuta
- Laboratory of Microbiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugolino Livi
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Sato M, Kubota N, Katsuyama Y, Suzuki Y, Miyairi Y, Minami K, Kasai M. Case report of a 6-year-old girl with Mycoplasma hominis ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:620-624. [PMID: 28291426 DOI: 10.3171/2017.1.peds16520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is a rare causative pathogen for surgical site infections after neurosurgical procedures. This organism lacks a cell wall, rendering it undetectable by Gram staining and making it resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. In addition, some special techniques are required to identify this organism. Thus, it is very difficult to diagnose infections caused by this pathogen. Here, the authors report a pediatric case of M. hominis ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) infection with central nervous system involvement for which beta-lactam antibiotics were not effective and Gram staining revealed no pathogens. Because few cases have been described that involve the treatment of M. hominis infection after neurosurgery, in this case the patient's serum and CSF were monitored for antibiotic drug concentrations. Successful treatment of the infection was achieved after approximately 6 weeks of administration of clindamycin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics in addition to external ventricular drain revision and subsequent VPS replacement. When beta-lactam antibiotics are ineffective and when Gram staining cannot detect the responsible pathogens, it is important to consider M. hominis as the atypical pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kisei Minami
- General Pediatrics, Nagano Children's Hospital; and
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Romeu Prieto JM, Lizcano Lizcano AM, López de Toro Martín Consuegra I, Largo Pau J, López Almodóvar LF, García Camacho E. Endocarditis con hemocultivos negativos: infección por Mycoplasma hominis. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Romeu Prieto JM, Lizcano Lizcano AM, López de Toro Martín Consuegra I, Largo Pau J, López Almodóvar LF, García Camacho E. Culture-negative Endocarditis: Mycoplasma hominis Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:1037-8. [PMID: 26481285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Largo Pau
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen de la Salud de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Eva García Camacho
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Virgen de la Salud de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
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Mycoplasma hominis, a Rare but True Cause of Infective Endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3068-71. [PMID: 26135868 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00827-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma spp. are rarely recognized agents of infective endocarditis. We report a case of Mycoplasma hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosed by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR and culture of valves in a 74-year-old man. We reviewed the literature and found only 8 other cases reported.
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Jamil HA, Sandoe JAT, Gascoyne-Binzi D, Chalker VJ, Simms AD, Munsch CM, Baig MW. Late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma hominis, diagnosed using broad-range bacterial PCR. J Med Microbiol 2011; 61:300-301. [PMID: 21997872 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.030635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report what is believed to be the first case of late-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Mycoplasma hominis in a case of blood culture-negative endocarditis. The objective of this report is to emphasize the use of a broad-range PCR technique for bacterial 16S rRNA genes in identifying the causative pathogen, thus enabling targeted antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Jamil
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - J A T Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - D Gascoyne-Binzi
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - V J Chalker
- Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK
| | - A D Simms
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - C M Munsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - M W Baig
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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Blumental S, Reynders M, Willems A, Biarent D, Duttman R, Lepage P, Vergison A. Enteroviral Infection of a Cardiac Prosthetic Device. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:710-6. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Scapini JP, Flynn LP, Sciacaluga S, Morales L, Cadario ME. Confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae endocarditis. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1664-5. [PMID: 18826843 PMCID: PMC2609863 DOI: 10.3201/eid1410.080157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Cardiovascular medicine. Curr Opin Pediatr 2007; 19:601-6. [PMID: 17885483 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e3282f12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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