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Watson J, Ninh MK, Ashford S, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Urits I, Viswanath O. Anesthesia Medications and Interaction with Chemotherapeutic Agents. Oncol Ther 2021; 9:121-138. [PMID: 33861416 PMCID: PMC8140172 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is now a leading health concern worldwide. In an effort to provide these patients with adequate care, coordination between anesthesiologists and surgeons is crucial. In cancer-related treatment, it is very clear that radio-chemotherapy and medical procedures are important. There are some obstacles to anesthesia when dealing with cancer treatment, such as physiological disturbances, tumor-related symptoms, and toxicity in traditional chemotherapy treatment. Therefore, it is important that a multisystemic, multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach is used to preserve perioperative homeostasis and immune function integrity. Adding adjuvants can help increase patient safety and satisfaction and improve clinical efficacy. Correctly paired anesthetic procedures and medications will reduce perioperative inflammatory and immune changes that could potentially contribute to improved results for future cancer patients. Further research into best practice strategies is required which will help to enhance the acute and long-term effects of cancer care in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Watson
- LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Michael K. Ninh
- LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Scott Ashford
- LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, P.O. Box 33932, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA USA
- Valley Pain Consultants – Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE USA
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2
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Rajendran G, Taylor JA, Woolbright BL. Natural products as a means of overcoming cisplatin chemoresistance in bladder cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:69-84. [PMID: 35582013 PMCID: PMC9019192 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin remains an integral part of the treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer. A large number of patients do not respond to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and efficacious salvage regimens are limited. Immunotherapy has offered a second line of treatment; however, only approximately 20% of patients respond, and molecular subtyping of tumors indicates there may be significant overlap in those patients that respond to cisplatin and those patients that respond to immunotherapy. As such, restoring sensitivity to cisplatin remains a major hurdle to improving patient care. One potential source of compounds for enhancing cisplatin is naturally derived bioactive products such as phytochemicals, flavonoids and others. These compounds can activate a diverse array of different pathways, many of which can directly promote or inhibit cisplatin sensitivity. The purpose of this review is to understand current drug development in the area of natural products and to assess how these compounds may enhance cisplatin treatment in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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3
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Sung MW, Lee DY, Park SW, Oh SM, Choi JJ, Shin ES, Kwon SK, Ahn SH, Kim YH. Celecoxib enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on human squamous cell carcinoma proliferation by ROS production. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:E117-E123. [PMID: 27666139 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of celecoxib in preventing and treating tumors has attracted broad attention in recent years because of its selective and specific inhibition of COX-2 activity. We investigated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of celecoxib combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on proliferation of squamous cell carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Animal study and basic research. METHODS SNU-1041 and SNU-1076 squamous cell lines and an orthotopic tongue cancer mouse model were used to study growth inhibition with 5-FU enhanced by celecoxib. Sensitivity of cells to drug treatment was analyzed by the MTT assay, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Phosphorylation of AKT was detected by Western blotting. Survival analysis in the mouse model was assessed according to combination treatment with 5-FU and celecoxib. RESULTS Reactive oxygen species production in vitro was highest when celecoxib was administered 48 hours after 5-FU treatment. 5-FU-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was enhanced when combined with celecoxib, which was positively correlated with ROS production. Antioxidant treatment reversed 5-FU-inhibited cell proliferation by up to 60%. Cotreatment with celecoxib and 5-FU partially blocked AKT phosphorylation, although no significant changes in total AKT protein levels were detected. An increased survival time was observed in an orthotopic mouse model treated with a combination of celecoxib and 5-FU compared to treatment with either agent alone. CONCLUSION Celecoxib may have an enhanced anticancer effect in combination with 5-FU. Reactive oxygen species production may be a key mechanism in this combination therapy by inhibiting the AKT pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A. Laryngoscope, 127:E117-E123, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul.,Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Doh Young Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Anam Hostpital, Seoul
| | | | | | - Jun-Jae Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Eun Sil Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul
| | - Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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4
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Meloxicam synergistically enhances the in vitro effects of sunitinib malate on bladder-cancer cells. J Appl Biomed 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-012-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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5
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Que W, Li S, Chen J. NS-398 enhances the efficacy of bortezomib against RPMI8226 human multiple myeloma cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1641-5. [PMID: 23545701 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib is commonly used in treating multiple myeloma (MM). However, a number of patients develop resistance to bortezomib over time. Cox-2 is overexpressed in MM cells and contributes to apoptosis resistance and MM development. In the present study, RPMI8226 MM cells were treated with the Cox-2 inhibitor NS-398 to investigate whether it enhanced the effect of bortezomib on MM. The results showed that NS-398 and bortezomib acted synergistically to inhibit growth, arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase and to induce the apoptosis of MM cells. NS-398 inhibited the NF-κB p65 protein levels and the expression of various NF-κB target genes, including cyclin D1, c-Myc, survivin and Bcl-2. In conclusion, NS-398 enhanced the efficacy of bortezomib against MM cells in vitro and this was associated with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest that the combined use of NS-398 and bortezomib may constitute a promising novel treatment protocol for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Que
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350003, PR China
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6
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Chen M, Yu L, Gu C, Zhong D, Wu S, Liu S. Celecoxib antagonizes the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in human gastric cancer cells by decreasing intracellular cisplatin accumulation. Cancer Lett 2012; 329:189-96. [PMID: 23142285 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for the treatment of gastric cancer. The benefit of including COX-2-selective inhibitors in cisplatin-based regimens on anti-cancer effect remains uncertain. In the present study, celecoxib and SC-236 antagonized cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, whereas indomethancin and nimesulide exerted no effect, implying a COX-2-independent mechanism. Celecoxib decreased whole-cell cisplatin accumulation and DNA platination, resulting from reduced influx. In addition, combined treatment did not elicit greater antitumor activity than cisplatin or celecoxib monotherapy in vivo in a gastric xenograft model. Therefore, treatment strategies with celecoxib in combination with cisplatin should act cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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7
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Gangwar R, Mandhani A, Mittal RD. Functional polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene and risk for urinary bladder cancer in North India. Surgery 2011; 149:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Yu L, Chen M, Li Z, Wen J, Fu J, Guo D, Jiang Y, Wu S, Cho CH, Liu S. Celecoxib antagonizes the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by reducing intracellular cisplatin accumulation. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:608-17. [PMID: 21177414 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.069393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression has been reported to be clinically associated with reduced cisplatin-based therapy efficacy in esophageal cancer. However, the benefit of including COX-2-selective inhibitors in therapeutic regimens remains uncertain. Thus, we sought to determine the effects of COX inhibitors on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and to further explore the mechanism involved in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Among the four tested COX inhibitors [celecoxib, 4-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (SC-236), nimesulide, and indomethacin], all of which substantially suppressed prostaglandin E(2) production to a similar extent; only the COX-2-selective inhibitors celecoxib and SC-236 antagonized cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in both cisplatin-resistant cells and their wild-type counterparts. Knockdown of COX-2 by small interference RNA failed to mimic the antagonizing effects of celecoxib and SC-236, implying that their action is COX-2-independent. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that the antagonizing effect of celecoxib and SC-236 on cytotoxic action of cisplatin was associated with decreased whole-cell cisplatin accumulation and DNA platination. Reduced influx, accompanied by the reduction of protein level of copper transporter 1, accounts for decreased intracellular cisplatin accumulation. In addition, combined treatment did not elicit greater antitumor activity than cisplatin or celecoxib monotherapy in vivo in an esophageal cancer xenograft model. Collectively, these data demonstrate that celecoxib antagonizes the cytotoxicity of cisplatin by decreasing intracellular cisplatin and DNA platination. The combination treatment also shows no beneficial effect compared with cisplatin or celecoxib monotherapy in vivo. Therefore, current clinical trials with celecoxib in combination with cisplatin should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Van Nifterik KA, Van Den Berg J, Slotman BJ, Van Rijn J. Anti-tumour effects by a trimodal combination of temozolomide, meloxicam and X-rays in cultures of human glioma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:192-201. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.519423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Li WZ, Wang XY, Li ZG, Zhang JH, Ding YQ. Celecoxib enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on Tca8113 cells in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:579-84. [PMID: 20202090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is associated with carcinogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis of malignant tumors. Inhibition of COX-2 is one hot topic of research in prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. Because of the selective and specific inhibition on the activity of COX-2, the roles of celecoxib in prevention and treatment of tumors have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of celecoxib combined with cisplatin on the proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells Tca8113 and a mouse model with Tca8113 cells were used to study the growth inhibition of cisplatin enhanced by celecoxib. Drug treatment of Tca8113 in vitro and mice bearing xenografts in vivo were used. The level of COX-2 expression was detected by Western blotting. Sensitivity of cells to drug treatment was analyzed by MTT assay. RESULTS Treatment of Tca8113 cells with cisplatin (CDDP) had less effect on the expression of COX-2, whereas the COX-2 expression was significantly down-regulated after treatment with celecoxib alone or in combination with CDDP for 24 h. In addition, the combination of celecoxib with CDDP was also able to inhibit the Tca8113 line heterotransplanted in Balb/c nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Those findings indicate that a low dose of celecoxib could augment CDDP-induced growth inhibition of Tca8113 cells and its xenograft in Balb/c nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitor treatment on the renal toxicity of cisplatin in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:549-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Giannitsas K, Konstantinopoulos A, Perimenis P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies: focus on clinical data. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:1841-9. [PMID: 17970642 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.11.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The antitumour activity of NSAIDs in preclinical trials has lead to their evaluation in the management of various malignancies in humans. Evidence regarding their use in the treatment of genitourinary tumours is reviewed here, focusing primarily on clinical data. The majority of available evidence comes from meeting abstracts and only a few published manuscripts were detected. The efficacy of selective COX-2 inhibitors, a subcategory of anti-inflammatory drugs, is promising in prostate cancer, in either biochemical recurrence after initial treatment or advanced disease. This does not seem to be the case for renal tumours in which efficacy in the advanced disease setting is not satisfactory. Despite the well-documented rationale for the application of NSAIDs in bladder cancer management, clinical evidence is not available. More studies are needed to assess the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in bladder cancer treatment and further clarify their therapeutic benefit in patients with prostate cancer, in which initial results are encouraging.
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13
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Stewart DJ. Mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 63:12-31. [PMID: 17336087 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While cisplatin and carboplatin are active versus most common cancers, epithelial malignancies are incurable when metastatic. Even if an initial response occurs, acquired resistance due to mutations and epigenetic events limits efficacy. Resistance may be due to excess of a resistance factor, to saturation of factors required for tumor cell killing, or to mutation or alteration of a factor required for tumor cell killing. Platinum resistance could arise from decreased tumor blood flow, extracellular conditions, reduced platinum uptake, increased efflux, intracellular detoxification by glutathione, etc., decreased binding (e.g., due to high intracellular pH), DNA repair, decreased mismatch repair, defective apoptosis, antiapoptotic factors, effects of several signaling pathways, or presence of quiescent non-cycling cells. In lung cancer, flattening of dose-response curves at higher doses suggests that efficacy is limited by exhaustion of something required for cell killing, and several clinical observations suggest epigenetic events may play a major role in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stewart
- Section of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ulrich C, Forschner T, Ulrich M, Stockfleth E, Sterry W, Termeer C. Management of actinic cheilitis using diclofenac 3% gel: a report of six cases. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156 Suppl 3:43-6. [PMID: 17488406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic cheilitis is a frequent manifestation of actinic dysplasia and requires early therapy to prevent its progression into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Several therapies are used, ranging from unspecific lesion-adapted destructive techniques (i.e. laser) to ambitious surgical field-management (vermillionectomy). There is increasing awareness of the effectiveness of field adapted, non destructive therapies, such as photodynamic therapy or 5% imiquimod. Diclofenac 3% gel is used in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK), but it has not been evaluated for the treatment of actinic cheilitis. OBJECTIVES This non-blinded, uncontrolled case series study evaluated the effects of diclofenac 3% gel in the treatment of actinic cheilitis. PATIENTS/METHODS Six patients with histologically verified actinic cheilitis were treated with diclofenac 3% gel, twice daily for 6 weeks. Clinical assessment was performed 2-4 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS Four out of six patients showed clinical clearing of actinic cheilitis 2-4 weeks after the end of treatment. Biopsies were taken from the treated areas at the final visit to verify clinical clearance. Side effects in most of the patients included mild erythema and mild to moderate swelling of the lips. CONCLUSIONS Topical therapy with diclofenac 3% gel may be an efficient, cosmetically more appealing alternative treatment for actinic cheilitis than currently used destructive therapies. However, future studies and long-term follow-up of patients will be needed to compare its efficacy with established forms of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ulrich
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Naruse T, Nishida Y, Ishiguro N. Synergistic effects of meloxicam and conventional cytotoxic drugs in human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2007; 61:338-46. [PMID: 17395421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been shown to exert inhibitory effects on many types of malignant tumors and several groups have suggested that COX-2 inhibitors enhance the cytotoxic effects of other anti-cancer agents. We previously reported that meloxicam has an anti-tumorigenic effect on COX-2-expressing osteosarcoma cells. In the current study, we evaluated the synergy between meloxicam and cisplatin (CDDP), doxorubicin (DXR) and 4-hydroperoxy ifosfamide (4OOH-IFM), using the human osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. Cytotoxicity was determined using 3-(4,5'-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5'-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and isobolographic analysis was used to evaluate any synergy. Apoptotic activity was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and by evaluating Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Cell cycling was evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytotoxic effects of CDDP and DXR were enhanced synergistically in the presence of meloxicam and were partially due to an increase in apoptosis. By contrast, meloxicam enhanced neither the cytotoxic nor the apoptotic activity of 4OOH-IFM. Combining meloxicam with DXR significantly up-regulated Bax expression, whereas it down-regulated Bcl-2 expression in combination with CDDP. Furthermore, the number of cells in the G2/M phase was significantly increased in DXR-treated samples by the addition of meloxicam, but not in CDDP-treated or 4OOH-IFM-treated samples. These results suggest a potential clinical application of meloxicam in combination with cytotoxic drugs in patients with COX-2-positive osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Naruse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School and Graduate School of Medicine, 65-Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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de Groot DJA, de Vries EGE, Groen HJM, de Jong S. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to potentiate chemotherapy effects: from lab to clinic. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2006; 61:52-69. [PMID: 16945549 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors express the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein, a target of NSAIDs. COX-2 overexpression in tumorsis considered a predictor of more advanced stage disease and of worse prognosis in a number of studies investigating solid malignancies. Therefore, NSAIDs are evaluated as anti-cancer drugs. NSAIDs inhibit proliferation, invasiveness of tumors, and angiogenesis and overcome apoptosis resistance in a COX-2 dependent and independent manner. This review will focus on the rationale behind NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or novel molecular targeted drugs. Studies investigating anti-cancer effects of NSAIDs on cell lines and xenograft models have shown modulation of the Akt, NF-kappaB, tyrosine kinase and the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathways. COX-2 expression in tumors is not yet used as biomarker in the clinic. Despite the increased risk on cardiovascular toxicity induced by selective COX-2 inhibitors, several ongoing clinical trials are still investigating the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs in oncology. The anti-tumor effects in these trials balanced with the side effects data will define the precise role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J A de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kang HC, Kim IJ, Park HW, Jang SG, Ahn SA, Yoon SN, Chang HJ, Yoo BC, Park JG. Regulation of MDK expression in human cancer cells modulates sensitivities to various anticancer drugs: MDK overexpression confers to a multi-drug resistance. Cancer Lett 2006; 247:40-7. [PMID: 16644108 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MDK is a heparin-binding growth factor associated with cancer development. Here, we sought to examine the association of MDK expression with resistance and sensitivity to different chemotherapeutic agents. We established stable HeLa cell transfectants (HeLa-MDK) and tested for decreased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU, doxorubicin, and cisplatin). In addition, we used siRNA to block MDK expression in SNU-638 human gastric cancer cells and examined the chemosensitizing effect. HeLa-MDK cells treated with 5-FU, doxorubicin, and cisplatin showed a fold increase in the average IC(50) and an increased cell survival. siRNA-based knockdown of MDK expression in SNU-638 cells decreased the average IC(50) by 18-44% in cells treated with three drugs. Further investigations on the molecular mechanism should be clarified, but these results indicate that MDK up- and down-regulation appears to be capable of changing the chemosensitivities of cancer cells and MDK may have possible importance as a candidate therapeutic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio Chung Kang
- Korean Hereditary Tumor Registry, Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Ladetto M, Vallet S, Trojan A, Dell'Aquila M, Monitillo L, Rosato R, Santo L, Drandi D, Bertola A, Falco P, Cavallo F, Ricca I, De Marco F, Mantoan B, Bode-Lesniewska B, Pagliano G, Francese R, Rocci A, Astolfi M, Compagno M, Mariani S, Godio L, Marino L, Ruggeri M, Omedè P, Palumbo A, Boccadoro M. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in multiple myeloma and is an independent predictor of poor outcome. Blood 2005; 105:4784-91. [PMID: 15731178 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an inflammation-associated enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of many solid tumors, but little is known about its presence and role in hematologic neoplasms. Multiple myeloma (MM) is known to involve a deregulated cytokine network with secretion of inflammatory mediators. We thus decided to investigate the involvement of COX-2 in this neoplasm. Western blotting (WB) was used to evaluate 142 bone marrow (BM) specimens, including MM and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Selected cases under-went further evaluation by WB on purified CD138(+) cells, immunohistochemistry (IC), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mRNA expression. COX-2 was expressed in 11% (2 of 18) of MGUS specimens, 31% (29 of 94) of MM at diagnosis, and 47% (14 of 30) of MM with relapsed/refractory disease. COX-2 positivity was associated with a poor outcome in terms of progression-free (18 vs 36 months; P < .001) and overall survival (28 vs 52 months; P < .05). Real-time PCR showed COX-2 mRNA overexpression. IC and cell separation studies demonstrated COX-2 expression to be restricted to malignant plasma cells. This is the first report of the presence and prognostic role of COX-2 expression in MM. Future studies will assess COX-2 involvement in other hematologic tumors and its potential use as a therapeutic or chemo-preventive target in onco-hematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ladetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina ed Oncologia Sperimentale, Servizio di Epidemiologia dei Tumori e Biostatistica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy.
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