1
|
Çakıcı ÖU, Dinçer S. The effect of amino acids on the bladder cycle: a concise review. Amino Acids 2021; 54:13-31. [PMID: 34853916 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human bladder maintains a cycle of filling, storing, and micturating throughout an individual's lifespan. The cycle relies on the ability of the bladder to expand without increasing the intravesical pressure, which is only possible with the controlled relaxation of well-complaint muscles and the congruously organized construction of the bladder wall. A competent bladder outlet, which functions in a synchronous fashion with the bladder, is also necessary for this cycle to be completed successfully without deterioration. In this paper, we aimed to review the contemporary physiological findings on bladder physiology and examine the effects of amino acids on clinical conditions affecting the bladder, with special emphasis on the available therapeutic evidence and possible future roles of the amino acids in the treatment of the bladder-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özer Ural Çakıcı
- Attending Urologist, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey.
- PhD Candidate in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Dinçer
- Professor in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Kadekawa K, Noguchi K, Ueda T, Yamamoto H. Spinal glycinergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons inhibit the micturition reflex after electrical stimulation of the perineum in rats with pelvic venous congestion. Int J Urol 2019; 26:1149-1155. [PMID: 31549769 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether electrical stimulation of the perineum inhibited urinary frequency in rats with pelvic venous congestion, and whether electrical stimulation influences spinal glycinergic/gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons. METHODS Bilateral common iliac veins and bilateral uterine veins were ligated to create pelvic venous congestion rats. At 4 weeks after ligation, cystometry was carried out before and after electrical stimulation with/without intrathecal injection of strychnine (a glycine receptor antagonist) and/or bicuculline (a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist). In addition, measurement of amino acid levels in the lumbosacral cord was carried out with/without electrical stimulation, and cystometry was carried out after oral administration of glycine. RESULTS Continuous cystometry showed that the interval between bladder contractions was shorter in pelvic venous congestion rats than in sham rats. Electrical stimulation did not change cystometric parameters in sham rats, but the interval between bladder contractions was increased by electrical stimulation in pelvic venous congestion rats. Electrical stimulation increased the levels of glutamic acid, glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and taurine in the lumbosacral cord of pelvic venous congestion rats. Intrathecal strychnine abolished the effects of electrical stimulation in pelvic venous congestion rats, and intrathecal administration of both strychnine and bicuculline shortened the interval between bladder contractions more than before electrical stimulation. Oral administration of glycine (3%) to pelvic venous congestion rats increased bladder capacity. CONCLUSIONS Electrical stimulation of the perineum inhibits urinary frequency mainly through activation of spinal glycinergic neurons, and partly through activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons in a rat model of pelvic venous congestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomoyuki Ueda
- Institute for Animal Experiments, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen SC, Chu PY, Hsieh TH, Li YT, Peng CW. Feasibility of deep brain stimulation for controlling the lower urinary tract functions: An animal study. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2438-2449. [PMID: 29096218 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and compare the potential of four DBS targets in rats for regulating bladder activity: the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), rostral pontine reticular nucleus (PnO), and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). METHODS A bipolar stimulating electrode was implanted. The effects of DBS on the inhibition and activation of micturition reflexes were investigated by using isovolumetric intravesical pressure recordings. RESULTS PAG DBS at 2-2.5 V, PnO DBS at 2-2.5 V, and PPTg DBS at 1.75-2.5 V nearly completely inhibited reflexive isovolumetric bladder contractions. By contrast, LC DBS at 1.75 and 2 V slightly augmented reflexive isovolumetric bladder contractions in rats. DBSs on PnO and PPTg at higher intensities (2.5-5 V) demonstrated a higher success rate and larger contraction area evocation in activating bladder contractions in a partially filled bladder. DBS targeting the PPTg was most efficient in suppressing reflexive isovolumetric bladder contractions. CONCLUSION PPTg DBS demonstrated stable results and high potency for controlling bladder contractions. PPTg might be a promising DBS target for developing new neuromodulatory approaches for the treatment of bladder dysfunctions. SIGNIFICANCE DBS could be a potential approach to manage bladder function under various conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prototype Deep Brain Stimulation System with Closed-Loop Control Feedback for Modulating Bladder Functions in Traumatic Brain Injured Animals. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
de Groat WC, Yoshimura N. Anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 130:61-108. [PMID: 26003239 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. Neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchic system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brainstem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brainstem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily during the early postnatal period, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults cause re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. The mechanisms underlying these pathologic changes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen YB, Huang FS, Fen B, Yin JB, Wang W, Li YQ. Inhibitory effects of endomorphin-2 on excitatory synaptic transmission and the neuronal excitability of sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in young rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:206. [PMID: 26074773 PMCID: PMC4446531 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the urinary bladder is partly controlled by parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (PPNs) of the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN). Our recent work demonstrated that endomorphin-2 (EM-2)-immunoreactive (IR) terminals form synapses with μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-expressing PPNs in the rat SPN. Here, we examined the effects of EM-2 on excitatory synaptic transmission and the neuronal excitability of the PPNs in young rats (24–30 days old) using a whole-cell patch-clamp approach. PPNs were identified by retrograde labeling with the fluorescent tracer tetramethylrhodamine-dextran (TMR). EM-2 (3 μM) markedly decreased both the amplitude and the frequency of the spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) of PPNs. EM-2 not only decreased the resting membrane potentials (RMPs) in 61.1% of the examined PPNs with half-maximal response at the concentration of 0.282 μM, but also increased the rheobase current and reduced the repetitive action potential firing of PPNs. Analysis of the current–voltage relationship revealed that the EM-2-induced current was reversed at −95 ± 2.5 mV and was suppressed by perfusion of the potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) or BaCl2 or by the addition of guanosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt (GDP-β-S) to the pipette solution, suggesting the involvement of the G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel. The above EM-2-invoked inhibitory effects were abolished by the MOR selective antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), indicating that the effects of EM-2 on PPNs were mediated by MOR via pre- and/or post-synaptic mechanisms. EM-2 activated pre- and post-synaptic MORs, inhibiting excitatory neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminals and decreasing the excitability of PPNs due to hyperpolarization of their membrane potentials, respectively. These inhibitory effects of EM-2 on PPNs at the spinal cord level may explain the mechanism of action of morphine treatment and morphine-induced bladder dysfunction in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Biao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China
| | - Fen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China ; Division of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ban Fen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China ; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry and neurotransmitter mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract. The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia that coordinates the activity of smooth and striated muscles of the bladder and urethral outlet. The neural control of micturition is organized as a hierarchical system in which spinal storage mechanisms are in turn regulated by circuitry in the rostral brain stem that initiates reflex voiding. Input from the forebrain triggers voluntary voiding by modulating the brain stem circuitry. Many neural circuits controlling the lower urinary tract exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. The major component of the micturition switching circuit is a spinobulbospinal parasympathetic reflex pathway that has essential connections in the periaqueductal gray and pontine micturition center. A computer model of this circuit that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition is described. Micturition occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3 to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. Diseases or injuries of the nervous system in adults can cause the re-emergence of involuntary micturition, leading to urinary incontinence. Neuroplasticity underlying these developmental and pathological changes in voiding function is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Griffiths
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Intravenous or Local Injections of Flavoxate in the Rostral Pontine Reticular Formation Inhibit Urinary Frequency Induced by Activation of Medial Frontal Lobe Neurons in Rats. J Urol 2014; 192:1278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Kadekawa K, Ashitomi K, Ueda T, Yamamoto H. Spinal mechanism of micturition reflex inhibition by naftopidil in rats. Life Sci 2014; 116:106-11. [PMID: 25258114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the spinal mechanism through which naftopidil inhibits the micturition reflex by comparing the effects of noradrenaline and naftopidil in rats. METHODS The following were investigated: the influence of oral naftopidil on plasma monoamine and amino acid levels, the distribution of oral 14C-naftopidil, the effects of intravenous (IV) or intrathecal (IT) injection of noradrenaline or naftopidil on isovolumetric bladder contractions, amino acid levels in the lumbosacral spinal cord after IT noradrenaline or naftopidil, and the effects of IT naftopidil and strychnine and/or bicuculline on isovolumetric bladder contractions. KEY FINDINGS Oral naftopidil decreased the plasma adrenaline level, while it increased the serotonin and glycine levels. After oral administration, 14C-naftopidil was detected in the spinal cord and cerebrum, as well as in plasma and the prostate gland. When the bladder volume was below the threshold for isovolumetric reflex contractions, IV (0.1mg) or IT (0.1μg) noradrenaline evoked bladder contractions, but IV (1mg) or IT (0.01-1μg) naftopidil did not. When the bladder volume was above the threshold for isovolumetric reflex contractions, IV or IT noradrenaline transiently abolished bladder contractions. IT noradrenaline decreased the levels of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the lumbosacral cord, while IT naftopidil increased the GABA level. IT strychnine and/or bicuculline blocked the inhibitory effect of IT naftopidil on bladder contractions. SIGNIFICANCE Naftopidil inhibits the micturition reflex by blocking α1 receptors, as well as by the activation of serotonergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Sugaya
- Southern Knights' Laboratory LLP, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Tomoyuki Ueda
- The Institute for Animal Experiments, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zorba OÜ, Kirbaş S, Uzun H, Önem K, Çetinkaya M, Rifaioğlu MM. Is There a Relation between Reticular Formation and Storage Symptoms in Men. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 6:46-51. [PMID: 26663500 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal brainstem originated pathology in men with different types of lower urinary tract symptoms blink reflex latency times were assessed. METHODS A total of 32 men, 16 with storage and 16 with voiding symptoms, were enrolled in the study. Blink reflex latency times were analyzed through electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve. Two responses in the orbicularis oculi muscle were recorded: the latency times for the early ipsilateral response, R1, and the late bilateral responses, R2. RESULTS The mean ages of the patients with storage and voiding symptoms were 57.31 ± 6.87 and 58.06 ± 6.29 years, respectively. The R2 latency times were significantly longer in men with storage symptoms. However, the R1 latency times were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSION Late blink latency times were long only in patients who had storage symptoms. An oligosynaptic path through the trigeminal nuclei, which includes one or two interneurons, is responsible for early response; however, late response is relayed through a polysynaptic path, including neurons in the reticular formation. It has also been shown that stimulation of the pontine reticular formation inhibits the micturition contraction. In some patients, storage symptoms may result from pathology that originates with the reticular formation and this pathology may lead to increases in late blink latency times. Additional studies are needed on other reflexes that are mediated through reticular formation, in order to show the possible dysfunction of the reticular formation in men with storage symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Ü Zorba
- Department of Urology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kirbaş
- Department of Neurology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hakkı Uzun
- Department of Urology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kadir Önem
- Department of Urology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Groat WC, Wickens C. Organization of the neural switching circuitry underlying reflex micturition. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:66-84. [PMID: 23033877 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by a complex neural control system in the brain and spinal cord that coordinates the activity of the bladder and urethral outlet. Experimental studies in animals indicate that urine storage is modulated by reflex mechanisms in the spinal cord, whereas voiding is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway passing through a coordination centre in the rostral brain stem. Many of the neural circuits controlling micturition exhibit switch-like patterns of activity that turn on and off in an all-or-none manner. This study summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the spinal and supraspinal micturition switching circuitry and describes a computer model of these circuits that mimics the switching functions of the bladder and urethra at the onset of micturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W. C. de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; University of Pittsburgh Medical School; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| | - C. Wickens
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology; University of Pittsburgh Medical School; Pittsburgh; PA; USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nishijima S, Sugaya K, Kadekawa K, Ashitomi K, Yamamoto H. Effect of Chemical Stimulation of the Medial Frontal Lobe on the Micturition Reflex in Rats. J Urol 2012; 187:1116-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nishijima
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, L.L.P. and Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus (HY), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kimio Sugaya
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, L.L.P. and Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus (HY), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kadekawa
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, L.L.P. and Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus (HY), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ashitomi
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, L.L.P. and Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus (HY), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Southern Knights' Laboratory, L.L.P. and Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus (HY), Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Kadekawa K, Ashitomi K, Yamamoto H. Effect of distigmine combined with propiverine on bladder activity in rats with spinal cord injury. Int J Urol 2012; 19:480-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
Differential expression of glycine receptor subunit messenger RNA in the rat following spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2010; 49:280-4. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2010.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Influence of glutamatergic projections to the rostral pontine reticular formation on micturition in rats. Life Sci 2009; 85:732-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Miyazato M, Yoshimura N, Nishijima S, Sugaya K. Roles of Glycinergic and Gamma-aminobutyric-ergic Mechanisms in the Micturition Reflex in Rats. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2009; 1:S70-S73. [PMID: 20676389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2009.00034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The micturition reflex is one of the autonomic reflexes mediated by the spinobulbospinal reflex pathway that passes through the pontine micturition center. In the central nervous system, glutamate is a major excitatory amino acid, while glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are major inhibitory neurotransmitters and act to inhibit the micturition reflex at supraspinal and/or spinal sites. Glycine and GABA have additive or synergistic inhibitory effects on bladder activity. Hypofunction of glycinergic/GABAergic mechanisms in the lumbosacral spinal cord induces voiding dysfunctions, such as detrusor overactivity (DO) or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) or bladder outlet obstruction in rats. Intrathecal, intravenous, or dietary glycine inhibits both bladder and urethral activity in normal and spinal cord injury (SCI) rats. Therefore, glycine might be a useful agent for the treatment of DO. Intrathecal muscimol and baclofen (GABA(A) and GABA(B) agonists, respectively) also inhibit non-voiding bladder contractions by suppressing C-fiber bladder afferents in SCI rats. They also improve DSD by suppressing Onuf's nucleus and C-fiber bladder afferents. Baclofen is approved for the treatment of DO in SCI patients, but this agent has not been widely used because the therapeutic window of the drug is modest and the dose is limited by side-effects. Glutamic acid decraboxylase (GAD), the GABA synthesis enzyme, gene delivery by using non-replicating herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors inhibits DO by suppressing C-fiber bladder afferents without affecting voiding contraction in SCI rats. Therefore, GAD gene therapy can restore urine storage function without affecting voiding function; it would be more beneficial than drug therapy for the treatment of urinary problems in SCI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Miyazato
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nishijima S, Sugaya K, Miyazato M, Ogawa Y. Effect of Gosha-Jinki-Gan, a Blended Herbal Medicine, on Bladder Activity in Rats. J Urol 2007; 177:762-5. [PMID: 17222677 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of the blended herbal medicine Gosha-jinki-gan on bladder activity and the autonomic nervous system in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 female rats were divided into a control diet group of 21 and a Gosha-jinki-gan diet group of 21. Rats in the control diet group were fed a standard diet, while animals in the Gosha-jinki-gan were fed a special diet containing 1.08% Gosha-jinki-gan (TJ107, Tsumura Co., Tokyo, Japan). After 4 weeks 28 rats, including 14 in the control and 14 in the Gosha-jinki-gan group, underwent continuous cystometry with physiological saline or 0.1% acetic acid solution and bladder activity was recorded. The remaining 14 rats were anesthetized with halothane, and body weight, serum amino acid (glutamate and glycine) and plasma monoamine (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) levels were measured. RESULTS The amplitude of bladder contraction on continuous cystometry with physiological saline was lower in the Gosha-jinki-gan diet group than in the control diet group, and plasma dopamine and serotonin levels were also lower in the Gosha-jinki-gan group. When cystometry was done with 0.1% acetic acid, the interval between bladder contractions was shortened in the control and Gosha-jinki-gan groups. However, the interval and duration of bladder contractions were longer in the Gosha-jinki-gan than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Gosha-jinki-gan inhibits bladder activity by maintaining the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems at a low level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nishijima
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ-Oriented Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Miyazato M, Oda M, Ogawa Y. Inhibitory effect of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis on the pontine micturition center and pontine urine storage center in decerebrate cats. Biomed Res 2006; 27:211-7. [PMID: 17099285 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.27.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (PoO) on the pontine micturition center (PMC) and pontine urine storage center (PUSC) was examined in decerebrate cats by electrical and chemical stimulations of the PMC, PUSC or PoO. Microinjection of carbachol into the rostral and dorsolateral part of the PoO rapidly inhibited reflex micturition and external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity. After confirming the inhibition of reflex micturition and EUS activity by microinjection of carbachol into the PoO, intravenous injection of atropine sulfate or its microinjection into the PoO recovered both reflex micturition and EUS activity. Microinjection of carbachol into the PMC evoked micturition and then inhibited reflex micturition, but intravenous injection of atropine or its microinjection into the PoO recovered reflex micturition. After confi rming the inhibition of reflex micturition and EUS activity by microinjection of carbachol into the PoO, electrical stimulation of the PUSC enhanced EUS activity, but electrical stimulation of the PMC failed to evoke micturition. However, electrical stimulation of the PMC evoked micturition after microinjection of atropine into the PoO. These results suggest that the PoO strongly inhibits the PMC and less strongly inhibits the PUSC. Therefore, the PoO seems to be the pontine micturition inhibitory area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Sugaya
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ-oriented Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Miyazato M, Ogawa Y. Central nervous control of micturition and urine storage. J Smooth Muscle Res 2005; 41:117-32. [PMID: 16006745 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.41.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The micturition reflex is one of the autonomic reflexes, but the release of urine is regulated by voluntary neural mechanisms that involve centers in the brain and spinal cord. The micturition reflex is a bladder-to-bladder contraction reflex for which the reflex center is located in the rostral pontine tegmentum (pontine micturition center: PMC). There are two afferent pathways from the bladder to the brain. One is the dorsal system and the other is the spinothalamic tract. Afferents to the PMC ascend in the spinotegmental tract, which run through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. The efferent pathway from the PMC also runs through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord to inhibit the thoracolumbar sympathetic nucleus and the sacral pudendal nerve nucleus, while promoting the activity of the sacral parasymapathetic nucleus. Inhibition of the sympathetic nucleus and pudendal nerve nucleus induces relaxation of the bladder neck and the external urethral sphincter, respectively. There are two centers that inhibit micturition in the pons, which are the pontine urine storage center and the rostral pontine reticular formation. In the lumbosacral cord, excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory glycinergic/GABAergic neurons influence both the afferent and efferent limbs of the micturition reflex. The activity of these neurons is affected by the pontine activity. There are various excitatory and inhibitory areas co-existing in the brain, but the brain has an overall inhibitory effect on micturition, and thus maintains continence. For micturition to occur, the cerebrum must abate its inhibitory influence on the PMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Sugaya
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ-oriented Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|