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Computational analysis of nsSNPs of NPHS1 gene and their effect on protein structural stability. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Littman MP, Wiley CA, Raducha MG, Henthorn PS. Glomerulopathy and mutations in NPHS1 and KIRREL2 in soft-coated Wheaten Terrier dogs. Mamm Genome 2013; 24:119-26. [PMID: 23325127 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dogs of the soft-coated wheaten terrier breed (SCWT) are predisposed to adult-onset, genetically complex, protein-losing nephropathy (average onset age = 6.3 ± 2.0 years). A genome-wide association study using 62 dogs revealed a chromosomal region containing three statistically significant SNPs (p(raw) ≤ 4.13 × 10(-8); p(genome) ≤ 0.005) when comparing DNA samples from affected and geriatric (≥14 years) unaffected SCWTs. Sequencing of candidate genes in the region revealed single nucleotide changes in each of two closely linked genes, NPHS1 and KIRREL2, which encode the slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and Neph3/filtrin, respectively. In humans, mutations in nephrin and decreased expression of Neph3 are associated with podocytopathy and protein-losing nephropathy. The base substitutions change a glycine to arginine in the fibronectin type 3 domain of nephrin and a proline to arginine in a conserved proline-rich region in Neph3. These novel mutations are not described in other species, nor were they found in 550 dogs of 105 other breeds, except in 3 dogs, including an affected Airedale terrier, homozygous for both substitutions. Risk for nephropathy is highest in dogs homozygous for the mutations (OR = 9.06; 95 % CI = 4.24-19.35). This is the first molecular characterization of an inherited podocytopathy in dogs and may serve as a model for continued studies of complex genetic and environmental interactions in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl P Littman
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine-Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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Wang H, Li P, Feng ZC. Meta-analysis demonstrates association of the TGF-β1 gene -C509T polymorphism with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy in European but not in Asian populations. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:434-42. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.february.8.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim SK, Lee JY, Jeong Park H, Chung JH, Suh JS, Hahn WH, Cho BS, Kim MJ. Association Between Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and IgA Nephropathy in Korean Children. Immunol Invest 2012; 41:447-57. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2011.649438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kyrieleis HA, Löwik MM, Pronk I, Cruysberg HR, Kremer JA, Oyen WJ, van den Heuvel BL, Wetzels JF, Levtchenko EN. Long-term outcome of biopsy-proven, frequently relapsing minimal-change nephrotic syndrome in children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4:1593-600. [PMID: 19808243 PMCID: PMC2758253 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.05691108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) that originates in childhood can persist after puberty in >20% of patients. These patients require immunosuppressive treatment during several decades of their life. We examined long-term adverse effects of persistent nephrotic syndrome and immunosuppressive medications, focusing on renal function, growth, obesity, osteoporosis, hypertension, ocular complications, and fertility in adult patients with biopsy-proven childhood-onset MCNS. Molecular analysis was performed to evaluate a possible association of a complicated course of MCNS with podocyte gene mutations. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We performed a prospective clinical examination of 15 adult patients that included serum and urine analysis; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; ophthalmologic examination; semen examination; and molecular analysis of NPHS1, NPHS2, CD2AP, and ACTN4 genes. RESULTS All patients had normal GFR. Most frequent long-term complications were hypertension (in seven of 15 patients) and osteoporosis in one third of patients. Oligozoospermia was found in one patient, reduced sperm motility in four of eight patients, and teratozoospermia in six of eight patients. Ophthalmologic examination revealed myopia in 10 of 15 patients and cataract in three of 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS Children with MCNS that persists after puberty are at risk for complications such as osteoporosis, hypertension, cataract, and sperm abnormalities. Our study underscores a need for more effective and less toxic therapies for relapsing MCNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bert L.P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jack F.M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands; and
| | - Elena N. Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Tonna S, Wang YY, Wilson D, Rigby L, Tabone T, Cotton R, Savige J. The R229Q mutation in NPHS2 may predispose to proteinuria in thin-basement-membrane nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:2201-7. [PMID: 18726620 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin-basement-membrane nephropathy (TBMN) is characterized by persistent dysmorphic hematuria, and the presence of proteinuria is a risk factor for renal impairment. TBMN is often due to mutations in the COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes, and this study determined whether additional mutations in genes encoding other structures in the glomerular filtration barrier contributed to the development of proteinuria. Fifty-six unrelated individuals with TBMN including 18 (32%) with proteinuria > or = 300 mg/L and ten (18%) with proteinuria > or = 500 mg/L were studied. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was screened for NPHS2 mutations and variants (R138Q and P375L) using single-stranded conformational analysis (SSCA) and for the R229Q mutation by sequencing. DNA was also screened for ACTN4 mutations. R229Q was more common in patients with TBMN and proteinuria > or = 500 mg/L (p < 0.05), and a possible NPHS2 mutation (671G>A, R224H) was identified in one patient with proteinuria 700 mg/L. No other NPHS2 variants correlated with proteinuria, and no ACTN4 mutations were found. Individuals with TBMN and R229Q are carriers of the autosomal recessive forms of both Alport syndrome and familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The early demonstration of R229Q in individuals with TBMN may indicate those at increased risk of proteinuria and renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tonna
- Department of Medicine, The Northern Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Epping, VIC 3076, Australia
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Mao J, DU L, Gu W, Dai Y, Liu A, Xia Y, Zhang Y. Lack of association between NPHS2 gene polymorphisms and sporadic IgA nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2007; 12:371-5. [PMID: 17635752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. In the present study, the genetic structure of the NPHS2 gene was studied to verify if podocin plays a role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. METHODS Clinical characteristics and DNA samples were collected from 26 Chinese children with sporadic IgAN. A direct sequencing was performed after polymerase chain reaction amplification to all the eight exons of the NPHS2 gene. RESULTS Three synonymous variants as known polymorphisms (954T-->C homozygous, 1038A-->G heterozygous and homozygous) were found in 3, 4 and 1 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of 954T > C and 1038A > G polymorphisms between the patients and normal controls. CONCLUSION No significant difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the identified 954T > C and 1038A > G polymorphisms between the patients and normal controls was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Patrakka J, Tryggvason K. Nephrin--a unique structural and signaling protein of the kidney filter. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:396-403. [PMID: 17766183 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of nephrin, the first integral component of the slit diaphragm to be identified, the podocyte slit pore has become a major focus in research concerning the glomerular filtration barrier. Nephrin is a central component of the glomerular ultrafilter, with both structural and signaling functions. The extracellular domain of nephrin and other components of the slit diaphragm seem to form a porous molecular sieve. The intracellular domain of nephrin is associated with linker proteins, such as CD2-associated protein and Nck proteins that can connect nephrin to the actin cytoskeleton. Alterations in nephrin interactions with other proteins during development or injury can lead to complex signaling reactions aimed at establishing or restoring the filter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aaltonen P, Holthöfer H. Nephrin and related proteins in the pathogenesis of nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mori H, Kaneko Y, Narita I, Goto S, Saito N, Kondo D, Sato F, Ajiro J, Saga D, Ogawa A, Sakatsume M, Ueno M, Tabei K, Gejyo F. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 A-2518G gene polymorphism and renal survival of Japanese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2005; 9:297-303. [PMID: 16362156 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-005-0375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is closely related to the pathogenesis of the progression of various chronic renal diseases, including IgA nephropathy (IgAN), through its chemoattractant effect on macrophages. However, the correlation of MCP-1 gene polymorphism with the long-term prognosis of Japanese patients with IgAN has not been clearly determined yet. METHODS We investigated 277 Japanese patients diagnosed with IgAN based on renal biopsy to clarify the association between the progression of IgAN and MCP-1 gene polymorphism at position A-2518G, which regulates the transcription of the MCP-1 gene. RESULTS The incidence of endstage renal disease was significantly higher in patients with the AA genotype (47.1%) compared to those with the AG (24.1%) or GG (27.4%) genotype (P = 0.024). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the AA genotype significantly facilitated the progression of renal disease (log rank; P = 0.0029), and Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the AA genotype represented a 2.058-fold risk for the progression of renal disease (P = 0.026) compared to the AG/GG genotype. However, when the patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker, or corticosteroid, homozygosity for the -2518A allele was not associated with a higher rate of incidence of endstage renal disease. Serum MCP-1 levels were higher although not significantly so, in the patients with IgAN possessing the AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS The AA genotype at MCP-1 -2518 was an independent risk factor for the progression of renal disease in Japanese patients with IgAN, and was closely associated with renal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Mori
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kaneko
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shin Goto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Saito
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondo
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sato
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junya Ajiro
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saga
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asa Ogawa
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakatsume
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ueno
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tabei
- Division of Nephrology, Jichi Medical School Omiya Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumitake Gejyo
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Henger A, Schmid H, Kretzler M. Gene expression analysis of human renal biopsies: recent developments towards molecular diagnosis of kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004; 13:313-8. [PMID: 15073490 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200405000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The analysis of renal tissue from kidney biopsies by histology, electron microscopy and immunohistology represents the current standards used to establish a specific diagnosis in nephrology. Recent progress in gene expression-based tissue analysis may provide fundamentally novel information in renal biopsy interpretation. In this review, progress towards the routine application of this approach is summarized. RECENT FINDINGS Renal disease is characterized by closely interrelated mechanisms of inflammation, repair, scarring and atrophy affecting over 20 different intrinsic renal cell types. The renal biopsy sample represents a 'snapshot' of these dynamic processes. A central question for molecular diagnosis is whether specific gene expression patterns can adequately define segments of these disease processes. Can molecular markers be extracted as effectively as has been shown in oncology? Several studies have been able to correlate renal gene expression patterns with clinical parameters, renal histological findings and patient follow-up data. In small populations, molecular markers have been able to provide novel diagnostic, prognostic and differential therapeutic information beyond conventional histology. SUMMARY A growing number of renal gene expression projects are generating targets for the integration of molecular approaches into kidney biopsy evaluation. If these molecular makers can pass rigorous testing for their diagnostic value, they should become an indispensable part of the management of the renal patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henger
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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