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Butruille L, Marousez L, Pourpe C, Oger F, Lecoutre S, Catheline D, Görs S, Metges CC, Guinez C, Laborie C, Deruelle P, Eeckhoute J, Breton C, Legrand P, Lesage J, Eberlé D. Maternal high-fat diet during suckling programs visceral adiposity and epigenetic regulation of adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in offspring. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2381-2393. [PMID: 30622312 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lactation-suckling period is critical for white adipose tissue (WAT) development. Early postnatal nutrition influences later obesity risk but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we tested whether altered postnatal nutrition specifically during suckling impacts epigenetic regulation of key metabolic genes in WAT and alter long-term adiposity set point. METHODS We analyzed the effects of maternal high-fat (HF) feeding in rats exclusively during lactation-suckling on breast milk composition and its impact on male offspring visceral epidydimal (eWAT) and subcutaneous inguinal (iWAT) depots during suckling and in adulthood. RESULTS Maternal HF feeding during lactation had no effect on mothers' body weight (BW) or global breast milk composition, but induced qualitative changes in breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition (high n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA ratio and low medium-chain FA content). During suckling, HF neonates showed increased BW and mass of both eWAT and iWAT depot but only eWAT displayed an enhanced adipogenic transcriptional signature. In adulthood, HF offspring were predisposed to weight gain and showed increased hyperplastic growth only in eWAT. This specific eWAT expansion was associated with increased expression and activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a key enzyme of FA metabolism. SCD1 converts saturated FAs, e.g. palmitate and stearate, to monounsaturated FAs, palmitoleate and oleate, which are the predominant substrates for triglyceride synthesis. Scd1 upregulation in eWAT was associated with reduced DNA methylation in Scd1 promoter surrounding a PPARγ-binding region. Conversely, changes in SCD1 levels and methylation were not observed in iWAT, coherent with a depot-specific programming. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that maternal HF feeding during suckling programs long-term eWAT expansion in part by SCD1 epigenetic reprogramming. This programming events occurred with drastic changes in breast milk FA composition, suggesting that dietary FAs are key metabolic programming factors in the early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Butruille
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Marousez
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Charlène Pourpe
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine INRA 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Solvig Görs
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Céline Guinez
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christine Laborie
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine INRA 1378, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes upregulates elongase 6 and downregulates genes affecting triacylglycerol synthesis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1449-56. [PMID: 24566853 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is rate limiting for the conversion of saturated fatty acids palmitate (16:0) and stearate (18:0) to monounsaturated fatty acids palmitoleate (16:1n7) and oleate (18:1n9), respectively. Given that reduced SCD1 activity is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight, there is considerable interest to elucidate the role of this enzyme in adipocytes. During adipogenesis, SCD1 levels increase concomitantly with the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG); however, the extent to which reduced SCD1 activity can influence TG synthesis and metabolic pathways in differentiating adipocytes remains relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to delineate how reduced SCD1 activity affects gene expression, protein content and cellular fatty acids in differentiating murine preadipocytes. METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with an SCD1 inhibitor (10 nM) throughout differentiation. After 7 days, global gene expression, protein content and fatty acid profiles were examined using microarrays, western blotting and gas chromatography, respectively. RESULTS SCD1 inhibition increased the abundance of 16:0 and 18:0 (45% and 194%, respectively) and decreased 16:1n7 and 18:1n7 (61% and 35%, respectively) in differentiated preadipocytes. Interestingly, 18:1n9 levels increased by 61%. The augmented 18:0 suggested a possible increase in elongase activity. Elongase 6 (Elovl6) gene expression was increased 2.8-fold (P = 0.04); however, changes were not detected for ELOVL6 protein content. Microarray analysis revealed that genes affecting TG synthesis were downregulated with SCD1 inhibition, which coincided with a 33% decrease in cellular TG content. CONCLUSION These results provide new mechanistic insight into the role of SCD1 as a regulator of fatty acid profiles and TG synthesis in adipocytes, and reinforce that modulating SCD1 activity may help reduce the risk of obesity-related complications.
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Rodríguez-Acebes S, Palacios N, Botella-Carretero JI, Olea N, Crespo L, Peromingo R, Gómez-Coronado D, Lasunción MA, Vázquez C, Martínez-Botas J. Gene expression profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue in morbid obesity using a focused microarray: distinct expression of cell-cycle- and differentiation-related genes. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:61. [PMID: 21182758 PMCID: PMC3022546 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, which leads to an excess of adipose tissue. The excess of adipose tissue and adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity are linked to the abnormal regulation of adipogenesis. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression profile of cell-cycle- and lipid-metabolism-related genes of adipose tissue in morbid obesity. Methods We used a custom-made focused cDNA microarray to determine the adipose tissue mRNA expression profile. Gene expression of subcutaneous abdominal fat samples from 15 morbidly obese women was compared with subcutaneous fat samples from 10 nonobese control patients. The findings were validated in an independent population of 31 obese women and 9 obese men and in an animal model of obesity (Lepob/ob mice) by real-time RT-PCR. Results Microarray analysis revealed that transcription factors that regulate the first stages of adipocyte differentiation, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and JUN, were upregulated in the adipose tissues of morbidly obese patients. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor which controls lipid metabolism and the final steps of preadipocyte conversion into mature adipocytes, was downregulated. The expression of three cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors that regulate clonal expansion and postmitotic growth arrest during adipocyte differentiation was also altered in obese subjects: p18 and p27 were downregulated, and p21 was upregulated. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), which regulates angiogenesis, lipid and glucose metabolism and it is know to increase dramatically in the early stages of adipocyte differentiation, was upregulated. The expression of C/EBPβ, p18, p21, JUN, and ANGPTL4 presented similar alterations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Lepob/ob mice. Conclusions Our microarray gene profiling study revealed that the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis is profoundly altered in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of morbidly obese subjects. This expression pattern is consistent with an immature adipocyte phenotype that could reflect the expansion of the adipose tissue during obesity.
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Merino DM, Ma DWL, Mutch DM. Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:63. [PMID: 20565855 PMCID: PMC2914715 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid metabolism characterize many of the chronic diseases currently plaguing our society, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Thus interventions that target plasma lipid levels remain a primary goal to manage these diseases. The determinants of plasma lipid levels are multi-factorial, consisting of both genetic and lifestyle components. Recent evidence indicates that fatty acid desaturases have an important role in defining plasma and tissue lipid profiles. This review will highlight the current state-of-knowledge regarding three desaturases (Scd-1, Fads1 and Fads2) and their potential roles in disease onset and development. Although research in rodent models has provided invaluable insight into the regulation and functions of these desaturases, the extent to which murine research can be translated to humans remains unclear. Evidence emerging from human-based research demonstrates that genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects enzyme activity and, consequently, disease risk factors. Moreover, this genetic variation may have a trans-generational effect via breastfeeding. Therefore inter-individual variation in desaturase function is attributed to both genetic and lifestyle components. As such, population-based research regarding the role of desaturases on disease risk is challenged by this complex gene-lifestyle paradigm. Unravelling the contribution of each component is paramount for understanding the inter-individual variation that exists in plasma lipid profiles, and will provide crucial information to develop personalized strategies to improve health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Merino
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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Lipolysis and lipid mobilization in human adipose tissue. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 48:275-97. [PMID: 19464318 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) stored in adipose tissue (AT) can be rapidly mobilized by the hydrolytic action of the three main lipases of the adipocyte. The non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) released are used by other tissues during times of energy deprivation. Until recently hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was considered to be the key rate-limiting enzyme responsible for regulating TAG mobilization. A novel lipase named adipose triglyceride lipase/desnutrin (ATGL) has been identified as playing an important role in the control of fat cell lipolysis. Additionally perilipin and other proteins of the surface of the lipid droplets protecting or exposing the TAG core of the droplets to lipases are also potent regulators of lipolysis. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of activation of the various lipases. Lipolysis is under tight hormonal regulation. The best understood hormonal effects on AT lipolysis concern the opposing regulation by insulin and catecholamines. Heart-derived natriuretic peptides (i.e., stored in granules in the atrial and ventricle cardiomyocytes and exerting stimulating effects on diuresis and natriuresis) and numerous autocrine/paracrine factors originating from adipocytes and other cells of the stroma-vascular fraction may also participate in the regulation of lipolysis. Endocrine and autocrine/paracrine factors cooperate and lead to a fine regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. Age, anatomical site, sex, genotype and species differences all play a part in the regulation of lipolysis. The manipulation of lipolysis has therapeutic potential in the metabolic disorders frequently associated with obesity and probably in several inborn errors of metabolism.
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Mutch DM, Temanni MR, Henegar C, Combes F, Pelloux V, Holst C, Sørensen TIA, Astrup A, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Viguerie N, Langin D, Zucker JD, Clément K. Adipose gene expression prior to weight loss can differentiate and weakly predict dietary responders. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1344. [PMID: 18094752 PMCID: PMC2147074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to identify obese individuals who will successfully lose weight in response to dietary intervention will revolutionize disease management. Therefore, we asked whether it is possible to identify subjects who will lose weight during dietary intervention using only a single gene expression snapshot. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The present study involved 54 female subjects from the Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity-Implications for Dietary Guidelines (NUGENOB) trial to determine whether subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression could be used to predict weight loss prior to the 10-week consumption of a low-fat hypocaloric diet. Using several statistical tests revealed that the gene expression profiles of responders (8-12 kgs weight loss) could always be differentiated from non-responders (<4 kgs weight loss). We also assessed whether this differentiation was sufficient for prediction. Using a bottom-up (i.e. black-box) approach, standard class prediction algorithms were able to predict dietary responders with up to 61.1%+/-8.1% accuracy. Using a top-down approach (i.e. using differentially expressed genes to build a classifier) improved prediction accuracy to 80.9%+/-2.2%. CONCLUSION Adipose gene expression profiling prior to the consumption of a low-fat diet is able to differentiate responders from non-responders as well as serve as a weak predictor of subjects destined to lose weight. While the degree of prediction accuracy currently achieved with a gene expression snapshot is perhaps insufficient for clinical use, this work reveals that the comprehensive molecular signature of adipose tissue paves the way for the future of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Mutch
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - M. Ramzi Temanni
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Medicale and Bio-Informatique (LIM&BIO) EA3969, Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Corneliu Henegar
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Florence Combes
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France (CRNH, Idf), Paris, France
| | - Claus Holst
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Wim H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Inserm U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Laboratoire de recherches sur les obésités, Toulouse, France
- Institut Louis Bugnard, Université Paul Sabatier, IFR31, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Laboratoire de recherches sur les obésités, Toulouse, France
- Institut Louis Bugnard, Université Paul Sabatier, IFR31, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Laboratoire de biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, Nutriomique U872, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre and Marie Curie University, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Nutrition and Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France (CRNH, Idf), Paris, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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McGinty SA. Toxicogenetics and nutrigenetics: biomarkers in occupational medicine and litigation. Biomark Med 2007; 1:567-73. [PMID: 20477374 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.4.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with other 'omic' technologies, advances in nutritional genomics are likely to lead to increasing personalization in the area of nutrition, diet and health. The power of nutrients to modulate the toxicity of environmental pollutants and the importance of nutritional status in determining longer-term health outcomes may be of major benefit in occupational health and preventive medicine. Advances in metabolomics offer the promise of validating important intermediate and surrogate markers for use in medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A McGinty
- London South Bank University, Faculty of Engineering, Science and the Built Environment, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
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