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Associations of Maternal Consumption of Dairy Products during Pregnancy with Perinatal Fatty Acids Profile in the EDEN Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081636. [PMID: 35458197 PMCID: PMC9025886 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet is the main source of fatty acids for developing offspring in-utero and in breastfed infants. Dairy products (DP) are important sources of fat in the European population diet. C15:0 and C17:0 fatty acids have been suggested as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption. This study’s aim is to describe the associations between maternal DP (milk included) consumption during pregnancy and C15:0, C17:0 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels in perinatal biofluids. Study populations were composed of 1763, 1337 and 879 French mothers from the EDEN (“Étude des Déterminants pre- et post-natals de la santé de l’ENfant”) study, with data on maternal and cord red blood cells’ (RBC) membrane and colostrum, respectively. Associations were assessed using linear regression models adjusted for recruitment center, maternal age, healthy dietary pattern or fish consumption. Greater adherence to a ”cheese” consumption pattern was associated with lower linoleic acid level in colostrum and higher C15:0 and C17:0 levels but in a less consistent manner for C17:0 across biofluids. Greater adherence to “semi-skimmed milk, yogurt” and “reduced-fat DP” patterns was related to higher docosahexaenoic acid and total n-3 PUFA levels and lower n-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratio in maternal and cord RBC. Our results suggest that C15:0 could be a good biomarker of maternal dairy fat consumption in perinatal biofluids.
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Zhang T, Han X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Mi Y, Gou X. Dietary Fatty Acid Factors in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:887-904. [PMID: 33074226 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by brain function disorder and chronic cognitive function impairment. The onset of AD is complex and is mostly attributed to interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors. Lifestyle, dietary habits, and food consumption are likely to play indispensable functions in aged-related neurodegenerative diseases in elderly people. An increasing number of epidemiological studies have linked dietary fatty acid factors to AD, raising the point of view that fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in AD initiation and progression as well as in other central nervous system disorders. In this paper, we review the effects of the consumption of various dietary fatty acids on AD onset and progression and discuss the detrimental and beneficial effects of some typical fatty acids derived from dietary patterns on the pathology of AD. We outline these recent advances, and we recommend that healthy dietary lifestyles may contribute to preventing the occurrence and decreasing the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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Effects of Arachidonic and Docosohexahenoic Acid Supplementation during Gestation in Rats. Implication of Placental Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123863. [PMID: 30518038 PMCID: PMC6321355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA) are important during pregnancy. However, the effects of dietary supplementation on fetal growth and oxidative stress are inconclusive. We aimed to assess the effect of high ARA and DHA diet during rat gestation on: (1) ARA and DHA availability in plasma and placenta, (2) fetal growth, and (3) placental oxidative stress, analyzing the influence of sex. Experimental diet (ED) was prepared by substituting soybean oil in the control diet (CD) by a fungi/algae-based oil containing ARA and DHA (2:1). Rats were fed with CD or ED during gestation; plasma, placenta, and fetuses were obtained at gestational day 20. DHA, ARA, and their precursors were analyzed in maternal plasma and placenta by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Fetuses and placentas were weighed, the proportion of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) determined, and placental lipid and protein oxidation analyzed. ED fetuses exhibited lower body weight compared to CD, being >40% IUGR; fetal weight negatively correlated with maternal plasma ARA, but not DHA. Only ED female placenta exhibited higher lipid and protein oxidation compared to its CD counterparts; lipid peroxidation is negatively associated with fetal weight. In conclusion, high ARA during gestation associates with IUGR, through placental oxidative stress, with females being more susceptible.
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Hamilton C, Austin T, Seidner DL. Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Human Adults During Parenteral Nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 21:387-94. [PMID: 16870807 DOI: 10.1177/0115426506021004387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hamilton
- Nutrition Support Team, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Euclid Avenue/A-80, OH 44195, USA.
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Abstract
Lipid injectable emulsions are an essential source of fatty acids, as well as a daily source of calories. They have been used in the clinical setting for almost 40 years, but despite this, there are no established official standards governing pharmaceutical quality. After 15 years of development, the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), which writes such standards for all FDA-approved pharmaceuticals, is poised to adopt an official monograph for lipid injectable emulsions that sets pharmaceutical requirements on all manufacturers placing limits on pH, free fatty acid concentrations and globule size (both mean droplet size and the population of large fat globules larger than 5 micrometers). Recent animal data has shown pathophysiologic changes in vital organs for lipids that fall outside the USP-proposed globule size limits. From a clinical perspective, newer lipid injectable emulsions show great promise in certain patient settings, most notably in the intensive care unit in both adults and infants. The clinical use of alternative oils, such as medium-chain triglycerides, fish oil and olive oil show benefits over conventional soybean oil formulations. In adults, for example, the administration of omega-fatty acids via soybean oil-based lipids produces a heightened inflammatory response via production of 2-series prostaglandins, whereas substitution of a portion of the lipid with omega-3 fatty acids via fish oil can favorably dampen the inflammatory response. In infants, for example, substitution of soybean oil with fish oil has recently been shown to reverse parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. These advances should lead to safer infusion therapy in patients receiving lipid injectable emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Driscoll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Baker Building, Suite 605, One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Effects of Encapsulated Fish Oil by Polymerized Whey Protein on the Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Low-Fat Yogurt. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Haghiac M, Yang XH, Presley L, Smith S, Dettelback S, Minium J, Belury MA, Catalano PM, Hauguel-de Mouzon S. Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Inflammation in Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137309. [PMID: 26340264 PMCID: PMC4560373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Long-chain omega 3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) exert potent anti-inflammatory properties in humans. This study characterized the effects of omega-3 ω-3 fatty acids supplements (ω-3 FA) on the inflammatory status in the placenta and adipose tissue of overweight/obese pregnant women. Study Design A randomized, double-masked controlled trial was conducted in overweight/obese pregnant women that were randomly assigned to receive DHA plus EPA (2g/day) or the equivalent of a placebo twice a day from week 10–16 to term. Inflammatory pathways were characterized in: 1) adipose tissue and placenta of treated vs. untreated women; and 2) adipose and trophoblast cells cultured with long chain FAs. Results The sum of plasma DHA and EPA increased by 5.8 fold and ω-3 FA/ ω-6 FA ratio was 1.5 in treated vs. untreated women (p< 0.005). Plasma CRP concentrations were reduced (p<0.001). The adipose tissue and placenta of treated women exhibited a significant decrease in TLR4 adipose and placental expression as well as IL6, IL8, and TNFα In vitro, EPA and DHA suppressed the activation of TLR4, IL6, IL8 induced by palmitate in culture of adipose and trophoblast cells. Conclusion Supplementation of overweight/obese pregnant women with dietary ω-3 FAs for >25 weeks reduced inflammation in maternal adipose and the placental tissue. TLR4 appears as a central target of the anti-inflammatory effects at the cellular level. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00957476
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela Haghiac
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiao-hua Yang
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Larraine Presley
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shoi Smith
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shirley Dettelback
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Judi Minium
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Catalano
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jones ML, Mark PJ, Waddell BJ. Maternal dietary omega-3 fatty acids and placental function. Reproduction 2014; 147:R143-52. [PMID: 24451224 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The developing fetus requires substantial amounts of fatty acids to support rapid cellular growth and activity. Although the fatty acid composition delivered to the fetus is largely determined by maternal circulating levels, the placenta preferentially transfers physiologically important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. Maternal dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy has been shown to increase gestation length, enhance fetal growth, and reduce the risk of pregnancy complications, although the precise mechanisms governing these effects remain uncertain. Omega-3 PUFAs are involved in several physiological pathways which could account for these effects, including anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving, and anti-oxidative pathways. Recent studies have shown that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation during rat pregnancy can reduce placental oxidative damage and increase placental levels of pro-resolving mediators, effects associated with enhanced fetal and placental growth. Because several placental disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, are associated with heightened placental inflammation and oxidative stress, there is considerable interest in the potential for dietary n-3 PUFAs as a therapeutic intervention for these disorders. In this study, we review the impact of dietary n-3 PUFAs on placental function, with particular focus on placental inflammation, inflammatory resolution, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Jones
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Aarak KE, Rigby NM, Kirkhus B, Salt LJ, Sahlstrøm S, Bengtsson GB, Vegarud GE, Mackie AR. The impact of meal composition on the release of fatty acids from salmon during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Funct 2013; 4:1819-26. [PMID: 24158460 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that the rate of release of lipids from salmon muscle during in vitro digestion is altered by additional meal components. In vitro digestion of salmon was performed using a mixture of porcine gastrointestinal enzymes and bile salts. Broccoli and barley were also added to the digestion simulating a meal. The extent of lipolysis was determined by measuring the release of fatty acids (FAs) during sampling at the simulated gastric phase endpoint (60 minutes) and 20, 40, 60, 80, 110 and 140 minutes simulated small intestinal phase, using solid phase extraction and GC-FID. Adding barley resulted in a lower overall release of FA from salmon, whereas broccoli caused an initial delay followed by increased release from 80-140 min when lipid digestion of salmon alone plateaued. The impact of broccoli and barley on the release of peptides and digesta viscosity were also measured. The effect of different components in the meal shown by this in vitro study suggests that it would be possible to make dietary changes affecting the lipolysis, further triggering specific responses in the gastrointestinal tract. However, these observations need to be validated in vivo, and the mechanisms need to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Ekrann Aarak
- UMB - University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science (IKBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens vei 1., BTB, 1432 Ås, Norway.
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Gadaria-Rathod N, Dentone PG, Peskin E, Maguire MG, Moser A, Asbell PA. Red blood cell fatty acid analysis for determining compliance with omega3 supplements in dry eye disease trials. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 29:837-41. [PMID: 23971620 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate pill counts and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profiles as measures of compliance with oral omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and to compare the two techniques. METHODS Sixteen dry eye disease subjects were given oral ω3 PUFA or placebo for 3 months. Compliance was measured by pill counts and blood tests at baseline and 3 months. The Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and rank-sum tests were used to compare changes from baseline and the difference between the two groups; Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship of pill counts to changes in blood FAs. RESULTS Pill counts for the ω3 (n=7) and placebo (n=9) groups showed a mean consumption of 4.39 and 4.76 pills per day, respectively. In the ω3 group, the median change from baseline was +1.46% for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (P=0.03), +1.49% for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (P=0.08), and -1.91% for arachidonic acids (AA) (P=0.02). In the placebo group, median changes in all measured FAs were small and not statistically significant. The difference in change in FA levels between the two groups was significantly greater for EPA (P=0.01) and AA (P=0.04). The correlations between pill counts and changes in EPA (r=0.36, P=0.43) and DHA (r=0.17, P=0.70) were not strong. CONCLUSIONS RBC FA analysis can be used to measure compliance in the active group and also monitor the placebo group for nonstudy ω3 intake. Low correlation of pill counts with blood levels suggests that pill counts alone may be inaccurate and should be replaced or supplemented with objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gadaria-Rathod
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
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12
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Blood level omega-3 Fatty acids as risk determinant molecular biomarker for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013; 2013:875615. [PMID: 23589776 PMCID: PMC3621295 DOI: 10.1155/2013/875615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous researches involving dietary methods have shown
conflicting findings. Authors sought to assess the association of
prostate cancer risk with blood levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) through a meta-analysis of human
epidemiological studies in available online databases (July,
2012). After critical appraisal by two independent reviewers,
Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) was used to
grade the studies. Six case control and six nested case control
studies were included. Results showed nonsignificant association
of overall effect estimates with total or advanced prostate cancer
or high-grade tumor. High blood level of alpha-linolenic acid
(ALA) had nonsignificant positive association with total prostate
cancer risk. High blood level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had
significant negative association with total prostate cancer risk.
Specific n-3 PUFA in fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had positive association with
high-grade prostate tumor risk only after adjustment of interstudy
variability. There is evidence that high blood level of DPA that
is linked with reduced total prostate cancer risk and elevated
blood levels of fish oils, EPA, and DHA is associated with
high-grade prostate tumor, but careful interpretation is needed
due to intricate details involved in prostate carcinogenesis and
N-3 PUFA metabolism.
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Jones ML, Mark PJ, Mori TA, Keelan JA, Waddell BJ. Maternal dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces placental oxidative stress and increases fetal and placental growth in the rat. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:37. [PMID: 23269667 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several placenta-related disorders including intrauterine growth restriction. Oxidative stress occurs when accumulation of reactive oxygen species damages DNA, proteins, and lipids, an outcome normally limited by antioxidant defenses. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may limit oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity, but n-3 PUFAs are also highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation; so n-3 PUFA supplementation is potentially harmful. Here we examined the effect of n-3 PUFAs on placental oxidative stress and on placental and fetal growth in the rat. We also investigated whether diet-induced changes in maternal plasma fatty acid profiles are associated with comparable changes in placental and fetal tissues. Rats were fed either standard or high n-3 PUFA diets from Day 1 of pregnancy, and tissues were collected on Day 17 or 22 (term = Day 23). Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs increased fetal (6%) and placental (12%) weights at Day 22, the latter attributable primarily to growth of the labyrinth zone (LZ). Increased LZ weight was accompanied by reduced LZ F(2)-isoprostanes (by 31% and 11% at Days 17 and 22, respectively), a marker of oxidative damage. Maternal plasma PUFA profiles were altered by dietary fatty acid intake and were strongly predictive of corresponding profiles in placental and fetal tissues. Our data indicate that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces placental oxidative stress and enhances placental and fetal growth. Moreover, fatty acid profiles in the mother, placenta, and fetus are highly dependent on dietary fatty acid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Jones
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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McCowen KC, Ling PR, Decker E, Djordjevic D, Roberts RF, Coupland JN, Bistrian BR. A simple method of supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: use of fortified yogurt in healthy volunteers. Nutr Clin Pract 2011; 25:641-5. [PMID: 21139129 DOI: 10.1177/0884533610385699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A relative dietary ω-3 fatty acid deficiency exists in Western diets, and this deficiency may be associated with some chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to supplement yogurt with docosahexaenoic acid and assess whether this fatty acid could be incorporated into plasma lipids. METHODS We developed a stable emulsion of docosahexaenoic acid that was incorporated into yogurt. Twelve healthy volunteers agreed to consume 1 serving daily that contained 600 mg of docosahexaenoic acid. RESULTS After 3 weeks of supplementation, plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid content increased significantly, by 32%, in parallel with a 16% rise in total ω-3 fatty acids. This result was associated with a significant 7% decline in phospholipid arachidonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Fortification of ordinary foods with docosahexaenoic acid is a potentially attractive method of increasing ω-3 fatty acid content of plasma lipids, and might even lower arachidonic acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C McCowen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Walther T, Dietrich N, Langhammer M, Kucia M, Hammon H, Renne U, Siems WE, Metges CC. High-protein diet in lactation leads to a sudden infant death-like syndrome in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17443. [PMID: 21408058 PMCID: PMC3052301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well accepted that reduced foetal growth and development resulting from maternal malnutrition are associated with a number of chronic conditions in later life. On the other hand such generation-transcending effects of over-nutrition and of high-protein consumption in pregnancy and lactation, a proven fact in all developed societies, are widely unknown. Thus, we intended to describe the generation-transcending effects of a high-protein diet, covering most relevant topics of human life like embryonic mortality, infant death, and physical health in later life. Methods Female mice received control food (21% protein) or were fed a high protein diet (42% protein) during mating. After fertilisation, females stayed on their respective diet until weaning. At birth, pups were put to foster mothers who were fed with standard food or with HP diet. After weaning, control diet was fed to all mice. All offspring were monitored up to 360 days after birth. We determined glucose-tolerance and measured cardiovascular parameters using a tip-catheter. Finally, abdominal fat amount was measured. Results and Conclusions We identified a worried impact of high-protein diet during pregnancy on dams' body weight gain, body weight of newborns, number of offspring, and also survival in later life. Even more important is the discovery that high-protein diet during lactation caused a more than eight-fold increase in offspring mortality. The observed higher newborn mortality during lactation is a hitherto non-described, unique link to the still incompletely understood human sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Thus, although offspring of lactating mothers on high-protein diet might have the advantage of lower abdominal fat within the second half of life, this benefit seems not to compensate the immense risk of an early sudden death during lactation. Our data may implicate that both pregnant women and lactating mothers should not follow classical high-protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walther
- Department Experimental Cardiology, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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McCowen KC, Ling PR, Ollero M, Tawa N, Bistrian BR. Effect of a fish oil-containing beverage on changes in plasma lipid fatty acids in patients with malabsorption. Nutr Clin Pract 2010; 25:517-23. [PMID: 20962312 DOI: 10.1177/0884533610379815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this pilot study was to assess tolerance of a beverage containing ω-3 fatty acids (fish oil) in patients with malabsorption receiving chronic parenteral nutrition (PN). The authors wanted to determine whether fish oil could be absorbed and incorporated into plasma fatty acids and reduce markers of inflammation. METHODS This was a small intervention study in home-dwelling PN-dependent patients with chronic malabsorption. Ten patients were provided a drink containing 1.5 g of fish oil per day for 12 weeks. Baseline and post-supplement serum fatty acid profiles were compared. RESULTS Five of 10 patients withdrew from the study because of GI side effects, principally worsened diarrhea, associated with the supplement. Modest increases were found in 20:5ω-3, 22:5ω-3, and 22:6ω-3 levels in both phospholipids and triglycerides in plasma (all P < .05). In phospholipids, a reduced arachidonic acid level was seen (P = .02). These changes were not sufficient to effect improvements in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), soluble TNF receptor, C-reactive protein, or interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS Some patients with severe malabsorption can absorb oral ω-3 fatty acid supplements and incorporate these fatty acids into serum phospholipids and triglycerides. However, side effects are very common, and no anti-inflammatory effect was found, presumably related to the modest level of fatty acid change.
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Ling PR, De Leon CE, Le H, Puder M, Bistrian BR. Early development of essential fatty acid deficiency in rats: fat-free vs. hydrogenated coconut oil diet. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2010; 83:229-37. [PMID: 20675109 PMCID: PMC3216405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of feeding an essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) diet either without fat or with added hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) on fatty acid profiles in rats. Both diets induced equivalent biochemical evidence of EFAD reflected by the triene/tetraene ratio in plasma phospholipids within 2 weeks. However, the HCO diet led to larger increases of 16:1n7 and 18:1n9 in muscle but smaller increases in fat tissue and plasma triglycerides than the fat-free diet, suggesting greater increases in hepatic de novo lipogenesis with the latter. In addition, the HCO diet led to larger decreases of some 18:3n3 metabolites, particularly 22:6n3, in muscle, fat and brain tissues than the fat-free diet, presumably related to lesser stimulation of elongation and desaturation. Thus, these secondary effects of an EFAD diet on fatty acid metabolism can be modified by the saturated fat in the diet while the primary impact of both diets on development of EFAD is unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ra Ling
- The Laboratory of Nutrition/Infection, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Room 605, Baker Building, One Deaconess Road, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charlotte E. De Leon
- The Laboratory of Nutrition/Infection, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Room 605, Baker Building, One Deaconess Road, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hau Le
- The Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- The Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R. Bistrian
- The Laboratory of Nutrition/Infection, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Room 605, Baker Building, One Deaconess Road, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 632 8545; fax: +1 617 632 0204. (B.R. Bistrian)
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Tamilvanan S. Formulation of multifunctional oil-in-water nanosized emulsions for active and passive targeting of drugs to otherwise inaccessible internal organs of the human body. Int J Pharm 2009; 381:62-76. [PMID: 19666097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oil-in-water (o/w) type nanosized emulsions (NE) have been widely investigated as vehicles/carrier for the formulation and delivery of drugs with a broad range of applications. A comprehensive summary is presented on how to formulate the multifunctional o/w NE for active and passive targeting of drugs to otherwise inaccessible internal organs of the human body. The NE is classified into three generations based on its development over the last couple of decades to make ultimately a better colloidal carrier for a target site within the internal and external organs/parts of the body, thus allowing site-specific drug delivery and/or enhanced drug absorption. The third generation NE has tremendous application for drug absorption enhancement and for 'ferrying' compounds across cell membranes in comparison to its first and second generation counterparts. Furthermore, the third generation NE provides an interesting opportunity for use as drug delivery vehicles for numerous therapeutics that can range in size from small molecules to macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugaperumal Tamilvanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sankaralingam Bhuvaneswari College of Pharmacy, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu State, India.
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Woods MN, Wanke CA, Ling PR, Hendricks KM, Tang AM, Andersson CE, Dong KR, Sheehan HMB, Bistrian BR. Metabolic syndrome and serum fatty acid patterns in serum phospholipids in hypertriglyceridemic persons with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1180-7. [PMID: 19244367 PMCID: PMC2667461 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection and its treatment are associated with abnormal lipid profiles. High triglyceride concentrations and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations are the most common health abnormalities and raise concerns about an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE We compared the fatty acid patterns of serum phospholipids between persons with HIV and non-HIV controls to determine whether there are differences that explain the elevated triglyceride concentrations, insulin resistance, and inflammation that are part of the metabolic syndrome in patients with HIV. DESIGN Thirty-nine persons with HIV and elevated serum triglycerides (>150 mg/dL) and/or indicators of insulin resistance were recruited to examine fatty acid profiles in serum phospholipid fractions relative to those of 2 control groups without HIV (n = 31). RESULTS Higher concentrations of 16:1 and 18:0 fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction indicated increased lipogenesis in the HIV patients and in the non-HIV controls at risk of the metabolic syndrome. However, the subjects with HIV had higher concentrations of both n-6 (omega-6) and n-3 fatty acids of higher elongation and desaturation levels, which indicated a greater promotion of these pathways in this population. The nanomolar percentage (%nmol) arachidonic acid was the same in all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Persons with and without HIV, at risk of the metabolic syndrome, show indications of increased lipogenesis, more so in subjects with HIV taking medication. Higher proportions of distal elongation and desaturation fatty acid products were seen only in the phospholipids fatty acid fraction of the subjects with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo N Woods
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Nutrition/Infection Unit, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Aldámiz-Echevarría L, Bilbao A, Andrade F, Elorz J, Prieto JA, Rodríguez-Soriano J. Fatty acid deficiency profile in children with food allergy managed with elimination diets. Acta Paediatr 2008; 97:1572-6. [PMID: 18671692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate plasma fatty acid (FA) composition of children with food allergy undergoing elimination diets that avoided the offending antigens. METHODS Twenty-five children (14 male, 11 female) aged 3.8 +/- 1.6 years (range 2-7 years) affected of multiple food allergy and managed with elimination diets participated in a cross-sectional study. Results of plasma fatty acids were compared with data obtained in 61 healthy children. RESULTS The patients had significantly lower values for plasma content in total polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001) and particularly, in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5omega3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6omega3) (p < 0.001). Moreover, all established indices (essential fatty acid [EFA] index ((omega3 +omega6)/(omega7 +omega9)) (p < 0.001) and sufficiency of docosahexaenoic acid index (C22:6omega3/C22:5omega6) (p < 0.001)) confirmed the presence of EFA deficiency. CONCLUSION Children with food allergy managed with restricted intake of foods such as milk, egg, fish and vegetables are at risk of developing a deficiency in EFA and particularly in omega3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are especially necessary for adequate growth, neurological development and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aldámiz-Echevarría
- Divisions of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Cruces, Basque University School of Medicine, Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain.
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Bistrian BR, McCowen KC. Nutritional and metabolic support in the adult intensive care unit: Key controversies. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1525-31. [PMID: 16557154 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000216704.54446.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss certain important features of nutrition and metabolism in the intensive care unit. DATA SOURCE Prospective clinical trials examining issues related to glucose control, immunonutrition, and comparison of enteral and parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSIONS It remains unclear which glycemic threshold should be used in many patients for insulin initiation, but surgical patients receiving adequate nutrition should probably be treated to true normoglycemia. Immunonutrition may be beneficial in some populations, but the evidence does not justify its use in the intensive care unit. Contrary to popular belief, appropriately administered parenteral nutrition may provide similar or more benefit than enteral and clearly needs more widespread acceptance in cases where initiation of enteral nutrition is slow to start or is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Bistrian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Aldámiz-Echevarría L, Sanjurjo P, Elorz J, Prieto JA, Pérez C, Andrade F, Rodríguez-Soriano J. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid administration on plasma lipid profile and metabolic parameters of children with methylmalonic acidaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2006; 29:58-63. [PMID: 16601869 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on dyslipidaemia, plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic parameters of children with isolated methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) (McKusick 25100). METHODS Four children (3 male, 1 female) with MMA (mut(0)), participated in a crossover, randomized study of DHA administration (25 mg/kg per day, divided into three daily doses). The control group comprised 56 healthy children, aged 10+/- 2.7 years, (51 male, 5 female), who were followed in our clinic owing to possible familial risk of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS The comparison of plasma fatty acid composition of children with MMA versus control children demonstrated that the patients had significantly higher values for oleic acid (p = 0.004) and linolenic acid (p = 0.008). No differences were observed in the levels of DHA and arachidonic acid. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glycine, ammonia, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions did not change with DHA administration. No significant changes were observed in urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid. As expected, the percentage of DHA and n-3 fatty acids in plasma increased significantly after therapy (p = 0.005 and 0.014, respectively). The most remarkable result was a decrease of plasma levels of triglycerides after DHA therapy (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION As previously found in normal children, dietary supplementation with DHA decreases the triglyceride levels, normalizing the hypertriglyceridaemia of these children without any evidence of short-term adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aldámiz-Echevarría
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital de Cruces, Plaza de Cruces s/n, Baracaldo, 48903 Vizcaya, Spain.
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