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Araújo D, Ribeiro E, Amorim I, Vale N. Repurposed Drugs in Gastric Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010319. [PMID: 36615513 PMCID: PMC9822219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major causes of death worldwide, ranking as the fifth most incident cancer in 2020 and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality. The majority of GC patients are in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, presenting a poor prognosis and outcome. Current GC treatment approaches involve endoscopic detection, gastrectomy and chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in an adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. Drug development approaches demand extreme effort to identify molecular mechanisms of action of new drug candidates. Drug repurposing is based on the research of new therapeutic indications of drugs approved for other pathologies. In this review, we explore GC and the different drugs repurposed for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Ribeiro
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Dooley J, Lagou V, Heirman N, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Liston A. Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma Growth Kinetics Are Independent of Dietary Vitamin D Deficiency or Supplementation. Front Oncol 2017; 7:133. [PMID: 28702373 PMCID: PMC5488083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer, yet evidence for an effect of dietary vitamin D on pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, with conflicting data from human epidemiological and intervention studies. Here, we tested the role of dietary vitamin D in the in vivo context of the well-characterized Ela1-TAg transgenic mouse model of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Through longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of mice under conditions of either dietary vitamin D deficiency (<5 IU/kg vitamin D) or excess (76,500 IU/kg vitamin D), compared to control diet (1,500 IU/kg vitamin D), we measured the effect of variation of dietary vitamin D on tumor kinetics. No measurable impact of dietary vitamin D was found on pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma development, growth or mortality, casting further doubt on the already equivocal data supporting potential therapeutic use in humans. The lack of any detectable effect of vitamin D, within the physiological range of dietary deficiency or supplementation, in this model further erodes confidence in vitamin D as an effective antitumor therapeutic in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heirman
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sarkar S, Hewison M, Studzinski GP, Li YC, Kalia V. Role of vitamin D in cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity to pathogens and cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:132-45. [PMID: 26479950 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1094443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in immune cells has opened up a new area of research into immunoregulation by vitamin D, a niche that is distinct from its classical role in skeletal health. Today, about three decades since this discovery, numerous cellular and molecular targets of vitamin D in the immune system have been delineated. Moreover, strong clinical associations between vitamin D status and the incidence/severity of many immune-regulated disorders (e.g. infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmunity) have prompted the idea of using vitamin D supplementation to manipulate disease outcome. While much is known about the effects of vitamin D on innate immune responses and helper T (T(H)) cell immunity, there has been relatively limited progress on the frontier of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity--an arm of host cellular adaptive immunity that is crucial for the control of such intracellular pathogens as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In this review, we discuss the strong historical and clinical link between vitamin D and infectious diseases that involves cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity, present our current understanding as well as critical knowledge gaps in the realm of vitamin D regulation of host CTL responses, and highlight potential regulatory connections between vitamin D and effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation events during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Sarkar
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- c Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - George P Studzinski
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA , and
| | - Yan Chun Li
- e Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , WA , USA .,b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research , Seattle , WA , USA
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Li Z, Jia Z, Gao Y, Xie D, Wei D, Cui J, Mishra L, Huang S, Zhang Y, Xie K. Activation of vitamin D receptor signaling downregulates the expression of nuclear FOXM1 protein and suppresses pancreatic cancer cell stemness. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:844-53. [PMID: 25501129 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated signaling of nuclear transcription factors vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) plays important roles in transformation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we sought to determine whether VDR signaling causally affected FOXM1 signaling in and pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to manipulate VDR signaling. The impacts of altered VDR signaling on FOXM1 expression and function in PDAC cells were determined using molecular and biochemical methods, whereas those on PDAC cell biology and tumorigenicity were determined using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. The clinical relevance of our findings was validated by analyzing human PDAC specimens. RESULTS There was a striking inverse correlation between reduced expression of VDR and increased expression of FOXM1 in human PDAC cells and tissues. Treatment of PDAC cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), its synthetic analogue EB1089 (EB), and VDR transgenics drastically inhibited FOXM1 signaling and markedly suppressed tumor stemness, growth, and metastasis. Mechanistically, 1,25D and EB repressed FOXM1 transcription and reduced the expression level of nuclear FOXM1 protein. CONCLUSION Inactivation of Vitamin D/VDR signaling is a critical contributor to PDAC development and progression via elevated expression and function of FOXM1 and enhanced PDAC cell stemness, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Van Loon K, Owzar K, Jiang C, Kindler HL, Mulcahy MF, Niedzwiecki D, O'Reilly EM, Fuchs C, Innocenti F, Venook AP. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in advanced pancreatic cancer: findings from CALGB 80303 (Alliance). J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju185. [PMID: 25099612 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from animal and cell-line models suggest that vitamin D metabolism plays an important role in pancreatic tumor behavior. Although vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in numerous cancers, the vitamin D status of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and the effect of baseline vitamin D levels on survival are unknown. METHODS Participants in this correlative study (CALGB 151006) were enrolled in CALGB 80303, which was a randomized trial of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer that demonstrated no difference in overall survival (OS) among patients treated with gemcitabine plus placebo vs gemcitabine plus bevacizumab. We measured baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and examined associations between baseline 25(OH)D levels and progression-free survival and OS using the Cox rank score test. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Of 256 patients with available serum, the median 25(OH)D level was 21.7ng/mL (range 4 to 77). 44.5% of patients were vitamin D deficient (25[OH]D <20ng/mL), and 32.4% were insufficient (25[OH]D ≥20 and <30ng/mL). 25(OH)D levels were lower in black patients compared with white patients, and patients of other/undisclosed race (10.7 vs 22.4 vs 20.9ng/mL, P < .001). Baseline 25(OH)D levels were not associated with PFS (HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.01, P = .60) or OS (HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.01, P = .95). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among patients with a new diagnosis of advanced pancreatic cancer. Black patients had statistically significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than white patients. In this cohort of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, baseline 25(OH)D levels were not associated with PFS or OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Van Loon
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Chen Jiang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Hedy L Kindler
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Mary F Mulcahy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Charles Fuchs
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
| | - Alan P Venook
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (KVL, APV); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, DN); Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Duke University, Durham, NC (KO, CJ, DN); The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL (HLK); Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (MFM); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (EMO); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (CF); University of North Carolina Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC (FI)
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