1
|
Zhang X, Chen J, Du J, Ying J. Case report: Solitary fibrous tumor of the paracervical uterus combined with vaginal wall adenocarcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1456221. [PMID: 39206171 PMCID: PMC11349547 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1456221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Solitary fibrous tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors that typically occur in the pleura. Solitary fibrous tumors of the uterine cervix are uncommon. We report the first case of a patient who underwent total hysterectomy for vaginal wall adenocarcinoma and was found to have a concurrent solitary fibrous tumor in the paracervical-uterus. Case presentation A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to contact bleeding. A gynecological examination revealed nodules of 3.0 × 1.0 cm on the vaginal wall, and a colposcopy with biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the vaginal wall. After the recommended staging examinations, the patient underwent total hysterectomy, double adnexectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, and vaginal wall resection. During surgery, a nodule measuring approximately 2 × 2 cm was found in the middle of the mass in the left paracervical region. Subsequent postoperative histopathological examination confirmed an solitary fibrous tumor of the uterine cervix with adenocarcinoma of the vaginal wall. The patient was followed up for 46 months after hospitalization, and no recurrence or distant metastases were observed. Conclusion In rare cases, solitary fibrous tumors may form large masses in the cervical or vaginal wall. They can easily be misdiagnosed as benign or malignant cervical tumors before and during surgery. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry are helpful for diagnosis. Most solitary fibrous cervical tumors are benign, occasionally with low malignant potential, and surgical treatment is feasible and effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqiang Du
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Ying
- Department of Surgical Center, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janik AM, Terlecka A, Spałek MJ, Boye K, Szostakowski B, Chmiel P, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Bobak K, Świtaj T, Rutkowski P, Czarnecka AM. Diagnostics and Treatment of Extrameningeal Solitary Fibrous Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5854. [PMID: 38136399 PMCID: PMC10742263 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that account for less than 2% of all soft tissue masses. In the latest WHO 2020 Classification of Soft Tissue Tumors, extrameningeal SFT was listed as intermediate (rarely metastasizing) or malignant neoplasms. Due to the lack of characteristic clinical features, their diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. The pathogenesis of SFT is often associated with the presence of fusions of the NAB2-STAT6 gene on the 12q13 chromosome. Cytoplasmic CD34 positive staining is considerably characteristic for most SFTs; less frequently, factor XII, vimentin, bcl-2, and CD99 are present. A key factor in the diagnosis is the prevalent nuclear location of STAT6 expression. Radical resection is the mainstay of localized SFTs. In the case of unresectable disease, only radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy may significantly ensure long-term local control of primary and metastatic lesions. To date, no practical guidelines have been published for the treatment of advanced or metastatic disease. Classical anthracycline-based chemotherapy is applicable. The latest studies suggest that antiangiogenic therapies should be considered after first-line treatment. Other drugs, such as imatinib, figitumumab, axitinib, and eribulin, are also being tested. Definitive radiotherapy appears to be a promising therapeutic modality. Since standards for the treatment of advanced and metastatic diseases are not available, further investigation of novel agents is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Janik
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Terlecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz J. Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
- Department of Radiotherapy I, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-718 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kjetil Boye
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Bartłomiej Szostakowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
| | - Paulina Chmiel
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Diagnostic Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bobak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
| | - Tomasz Świtaj
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (A.T.); (M.J.S.); (B.S.); (P.C.); (K.B.); (T.Ś.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Devins KM, Young RH, Croce S, Burandt E, Bennett JA, Pesci A, Zannoni GF, Ip PPC, Nielsen GP, Oliva E. Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Female Genital Tract: A Study of 27 Cases Emphasizing Nonvulvar Locations, Variant Histology, and Prognostic Factors. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:363-375. [PMID: 34739418 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report 27 solitary fibrous tumors of the female genital tract emphasizing nonvulvar locations, variant histology, and prognostic factors. The patients ranged from 25 to 78 years (most were over 40), and tumors occurred in the vulva (7), vagina (2), cervix (2), corpus (6), fallopian tube/paratubal soft tissue (5), and ovary (5). They ranged from 1.5 to 39 (mean=10.5) cm and were typically solid, but 4 were predominantly cystic. All had a haphazard arrangement of spindled to ovoid cells, with most demonstrating alternating cellular and hypocellular areas and prominent vessels, but 13 lacked hypocellular areas, and 7 had focal diffuse growth with inconspicuous vasculature. Other patterns included corded (8), fascicular (5), trabecular (1), and nested (1). Microcysts (6), myxoid background (8), hyalinization (8), lipomatous differentiation (2), and multinucleated cells (6) were also present, and 10 tumors had necrosis. Vasculature included thin-walled branching "staghorn" (27), thick-walled (7), and hyalinized vessels (5) or dilated anastomosing vascular channels (3). Nuclear atypia ranged from mild (19), moderate (7), to severe (1), and mitoses from 0 to 24/10 HPF (mean=4). STAT6 was positive in all 25 tumors tested. One tumor showed dedifferentiation; the remainder were classified as benign (19) or malignant (7) based on mitotic rate (univariate stratification model) and as low risk (14), intermediate risk (8), or high risk (4) based on the Demicco multivariate risk stratification score. Follow-up (median=23 mo) was available for 16 patients. Six tumors recurred (2 intermediate risk, 3 high risk, and the dedifferentiated tumor), 5 in the abdomen; the dedifferentiated tumor metastasized to the lung. Multivariate risk stratification was superior to univariate classification, as 5 "benign" tumors were reclassified as intermediate risk using the multivariate model; of these, 2 recurred, and 1 patient died of disease. Upper female genital tract tumors occurred in older patients, were larger, and more frequently classified as high risk compared with those of the lower tract. A trend toward increased cellularity was also seen in the upper tract tumors. Only size (P=0.04), necrosis (P=0.04), and Demicco score (P=0.01) independently correlated with recurrence. Female genital tract solitary fibrous tumors demonstrate a wide range of variant morphologies and occur in diverse sites in addition to the vulva. Tumors were often misdiagnosed as other neoplasms; thus, awareness of solitary fibrous tumors occurring at these sites is crucial in prompting staining for STAT6 to establish this diagnosis. The Demicco risk stratification system effectively predicts behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Devins
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert H Young
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabrina Croce
- Department of Pathology, Bergonié Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eike Burandt
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Pesci
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Sacred Heart Hospital, Negrar-Verona
| | - Gian F Zannoni
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip P C Ip
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esther Oliva
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ardighieri L, Palicelli A, Ferrari F, Ragnoli M, Ghini I, Bugatti M, Bercich L, Sartori E, Odicino FE. Risk Assessment in Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Uterine Corpus: Report of a Case and Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:177-183. [PMID: 34180727 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211025759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon fibroblastic tumor occurring preferentially in the pleura, with a variable clinical course. SFT can arise also in numerous extrathoracic sites and very rarely in the female genital tract, with only scarce reports of uterine SFT. We reported a new uterine SFT arising in a 45-year-old woman, and we performed a systematic review of SFT cases of the uterine corpus interrogating the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. We identified only 13 patients diagnosed with SFT of the uterine corpus, including our one. Complete clinical workout at disease presentation showed no evidence of extrauterine spread in all cases, except for 1 patient who presented with metastatic disease. Tumor recurrences/metastases occurred in a minority of the patients and were poorly related to clinicopathological risk factors and patients stratification based on different scoring systems. Since the long-term clinical behavior of uterine SFT is limited and poorly predictable, extended follow-up is recommended also for all cases arising in the uterine corpus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ardighieri
- 18515Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- 9242Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Ragnoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Iacopo Ghini
- 18515Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- 18515Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bercich
- 18515Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco E Odicino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Vulva: Case Report of a Rare Entity and Review of Literature. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2020; 40:234-239. [PMID: 32925444 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor of fibroblastic origin, which shows a prominent hemangiopericytoma-like branching pattern. It may be found at any location and can rarely involve the female genital tract with the vulva being the most common site of involvement. This is a case report of vulvar SFT in a 47-yr-old female who presented with a slow growing vulvar mass for 3 yr. Histologic examination showed a neoplasm composed of ovoid to spindle shaped cells with hypocellular and hypercellular areas in a collagenous background. Prominent hemangiopericytoma-like vessels were identified. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of the tumor cells for CD34, STAT6, ER, PR, and vimentin. Immunoshistochemical staining for desmin, SMA, and S100 was negative. The majority of SFTs have a NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion on chromosome 12, resulting in nuclear STAT6 overexpression, which is a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for its diagnosis. Only 25 cases of vulvar SFT have been reported in the English literature and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions at this site.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chapel DB, Cipriani NA, Bennett JA. Mesenchymal lesions of the vulva. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 38:85-98. [PMID: 32958293 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal lesions of the vulva include site-specific entities limited to the lower genital tract, as well as a range of non-site-specific tumors that are more common at extragenital sites. Site-specific lesions include fibroepithelial stromal polyp, cellular angiofibroma, angiomyofibroblastoma, and aggressive angiomyxoma. Non-site-specific tumors that may occur in the vulva include those of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, vascular, neural, adipocytic, and uncertain differentiation. This review discusses both site-specific and non-site-specific vulvar mesenchymal lesions including non-neoplastic proliferations, benign neoplasms, locally aggressive neoplasms with a predilection for local recurrence, neoplasms of indeterminate biologic potential, and frankly malignant neoplasms with a high risk of distant metastasis and death. Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper management, and is facilitated by correlation with clinical findings and targeted application of immunohistochemical and molecular studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Chapel
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole A Cipriani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer A Bennett
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan J, Qiu J, Wei Q. Extremely rare case of intravascular solitary fibrous tumour in the inferior vena cava with review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:86. [PMID: 31391089 PMCID: PMC6686241 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a mesenchymal tumour of fibroblastic type, and it develops in almost any part of the human body. However, according to previous studies, the occurrence of intravascular SFTs is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a case of intravascular SFT in a 67-year-old woman who has been experiencing swelling and pain in the right leg for 2 months. Computed tomography venography scan revealed a well-defined mass obstructing the inferior vena cava (IVC). Surgical resection was performed, and histopathologic and immunohistochemical results were consistent with SFT. Further, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed, and results revealed two tumour-related gene mutations (deletion of PMS2 and variation of ESR1 [L536P]). The patient did not receive any adjuvant therapy, and no signs of tumour progression were observed during the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study first presented about SFT arising from the IVC and carried out an NGS analysis to validate the molecular mechanism of such condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Fan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Rare Case of a Vaginal Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Presenting as a Cystic Mass, Showing NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2 Fusion and STAT6 Immunostaining. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 38:21-26. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are uncommon mesenchymal neoplasms and are particularly rare in the female genital tract. Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome involving SFT-associated hypoglycemia. We report, for the first time, on a broad ligament SFT with Doege-Potter syndrome; additionally, we review 30 cases of women with SFTs reported in the literature. PATIENT CONCERNS A 37-year-old woman who presented with life-threatening hypoglycemia and a pelvic mass (16 × 15 × 15 cm). DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with broad ligament SFT with Doege-Potter syndrome. INTERVENTIONS Tumor resection, sub-extensive hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed, and 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were administered. OUTCOMES Serum glucose levels returned to normal as soon as the tumor was resected. Forty-3 months after operation, there was recurrence in the posterior peritoneal tissues. She underwent tumor resection and has remained tumor-free 28 months after this excision. CONCLUSION Even though it is extremely rare, SFT should be quickly identified to prevent undue treatment delay and avoid unnecessary examination; surgery and long-term follow-up are recommended. SFT can be considered a highly invasive cancer, and intraoperative bleeding may occur. Although no correlation between adjuvant therapy and improved prognosis was found, further studies are required because of the small number of cases reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Qihua Yi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ronchi A, Cozzolino I, Zito Marino F, Accardo M, Montella M, Panarese I, Roccuzzo G, Toni G, Franco R, De Chiara A. Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: A distinct entity from pleural solitary fibrous tumor. An update on clinical, molecular and diagnostic features. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:142-150. [PMID: 29660566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm that was originally described to be localized in the pleura, but thereafter, this has been reported in several anatomic sites. Although the etiology of the neoplasm remains largely unknown, the pathogenesis seems to be related to an NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene due to paracentric inversion on chromosome 12q13. The diagnosis of extrapleural SFT is challenging, owing to its rarity, and requires an integrated approach that includes specific clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and even molecular findings. Histologically, extrapleural SFT shares morphological features same as those of the pleural SFT because it is characterized by a patternless distribution of both oval- and spindle-shaped cells in a variable collagen stroma. In addition, morphological variants of mixoid, fat-forming, and giant cell-rich tumors are described. A correct diagnosis is mandatory for a proper therapy and management of the patients with extrapleural SFT, as extrapleural SFT is usually more aggressive than pleural form, particularly cases occurring in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, pelvis, and meninges. Although SFT is usually considered as a clinically indolent neoplasm, the prognosis is substantially unpredictable and only partially related to morphological features. In this context, cellularity, neoplastic borders, cellular atypias, and mitotic activity can show a wide range of variability. We review extrapleural SFT by discussing diagnostic clues, differential diagnosis, recent molecular findings, and prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Accardo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roccuzzo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Toni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Luciano Armanni 20, 80100 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarosaria De Chiara
- Pathology Unit, Department in Support of Oncology Paths, Diagnostic Area, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione "Pascale", via Mariano Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin X, Xiang Y, Shi H, Zhang F. Primary intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumours. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3653-3661. [PMID: 29467886 PMCID: PMC5796318 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the extreme rarity of primary intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs), their clinical course, imaging characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are poorly understood. The present study therefore assessed the diagnosis and management of primary intrapulmonary SFTs and systematically reviewed previously reported cases in the literature. A total of 5 patients who underwent resection for primary intrapulmonary SFTs were enrolled in the present study and their clinical course, tumour characteristics, management and survival were assessed in this retrospective study. Relevant studies regarding primary intrapulmonary SFTs were searched using PubMed and tumour characteristics, clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategy and survival outcomes were reviewed. Of the 5 cases, all were males, with a mean age of 57.6 years (range, 37-68 years). All patients were asymptomatic and were identified incidentally on routine computed tomography examination. A total of 3 patients underwent thoracotomy and 2 patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. All tumours were completely resected. Postoperative haemorrhage occurred in 1 patient and he received surgical intervention for haemostasis. The average hospital stay was 15 (4-22) days, and no mortality occurred. The mean length of the postoperative follow-up was 37.6 (1-67) months. One patient was lost to follow-up, and 4 patients were asymptomatic. A total of 19 studies were identified from database searches. They included a total of 45 patients: Twenty-three males and 22 females (mean age, 59.4 years; range, 7-81 years). A total of 12 patients were asymptomatic, and pain and coughing were the major symptoms. Five, one, two, four, and 17 tumours occurred in the right upper lobe, right middle lobe, right lower lobe, left upper lobe and left lower lobe, respectively. A total of 39 patients underwent surgery, 1 patient underwent radiotherapy, and 1 patient underwent radiofrequency ablation. A total of 22 patients were followed up and the mean length of the postoperative follow-up was 48 (1-168) months. One patient was diagnosed with chest wall metastases, and 5 patients succumbed to mortality. To conclude, primary intrapulmonary SFTs are extremely rare and typically identified incidentally. The present findings indicated that the left lower lobe was the most common site location and complete surgical resection is a safe and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui Center Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Yingming Xiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui Center Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hongcan Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Fangbiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui Center Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang EJ, Howitt BE, Fletcher CDM, Nucci MR. Solitary fibrous tumour of the female genital tract: a clinicopathological analysis of 25 cases. Histopathology 2018; 72:749-759. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Yang
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University Medical Center; Stanford CA USA
| | - Brooke E Howitt
- Division of Women's & Perinatal Pathology; Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | | | - Marisa R Nucci
- Division of Women's & Perinatal Pathology; Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pearre DC, Federspiel JJ, Grumbine FC. Solitary fibrous tumor of the vulva resulting in spinal metastasis: A case report. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 22:97-99. [PMID: 29201988 PMCID: PMC5700819 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
•Solitary fibrous tumors are typically indolent tumors of the pleura.•Primary origin in the female reproductive organs is rare, as are aggressive forms.•We report a case of a vulvar solitary fibrous tumor, notable for extensive spinal metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pearre
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerome J Federspiel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francis C Grumbine
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Slimani O, Belghith C, Saoudi S, Tahar M, Temim RB, Mathlouthi N, Attia L. [Parauterine solitary fibrous tumor: about a case]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 25:180. [PMID: 28292142 PMCID: PMC5326071 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.180.8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Les tumeurs fibreuses solitaires du tractus génital féminin sont extrêmement rares. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente âgée de 78 ans qui a présenté une masse pelvienne. L’exploration chirurgicale a montré une tumeur parautérine. L’examen anatomopathologique a conclu à une tumeur fibreuse solitaire avec des signes de malignité. Les suites ont été marquées par le décès de la patiente. Il est important de connaître ces tumeurs dont l’évolution peut être péjorative. Un suivi au long cours doit être recommandé pour les tumeurs résécables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Slimani
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie; Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Cyrine Belghith
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Sarrah Saoudi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Makhlouf Tahar
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Riadh Ben Temim
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie; Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Nabil Mathlouthi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie; Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Leila Attia
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique A, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Guilmette J, Gauthier P, Rahimi K. Lipomatous angiomyofibroblastoma: A 20-year literature review. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
18
|
A rare mesenchymal neoplasm at unusual location: Solitary fibrous tumor of vulva. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2015; 12:52-4. [PMID: 26076159 PMCID: PMC4442658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of solitary fibrous tumor of vulva. The lesion is usually benign. Needs workup for malignant features and other close differentials. Early aggressive resection ensuring clear margins is recommended. Tendency for recurrence warrants long term follow-up.
Collapse
|
19
|
Intraperitoneal solitary fibrous tumor. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014; 2014:906510. [PMID: 25276449 PMCID: PMC4171066 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumors of the pelvis are rare. We report the case of a 32-years-old patient who presented with abdominopelvic mass. The imaging studies showed a right adnexal mass of more than 10 cm. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a 20 cm mass at the Douglas pouch which was adhered to the posterior wall of the uterus. Complete resection of the mass was performed. Histological analysis showed a spindle cell undifferentiated tumor whose morphological and immunohistochemical profile are consistent with solitary fibrous tumor. It is important to know that although these tumors are rare, their evolution can be pejorative. Therefore, long-term followup should be recommended.
Collapse
|
20
|
Burnett LA, Christopherson WA, Olawaiye AB. Vulvar hemangiopericytoma: A case report and literature review. GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2012; 2:146-9. [PMID: 24371649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gynor.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
► Most solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are benign tumors, but some behave more aggressively. ► Correlation between pathologic grading and clinical behavior is poor but immunohistochemical profiles may be of use. ► Most disease is limited to site of origin, but complete surgical resection with follow-up is the standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Burnett
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Mercy Hospital, 1400 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Wayne A Christopherson
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Mercy Hospital, 1400 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexander B Olawaiye
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Mercy Hospital, 1400 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA ; Dept of Obstetrics, Gynecology Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh/Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Taki M, Baba T, Mandai M, Suzuki A, Mikami Y, Matsumura N, Konishi I. Solitary fibrous tumor arising slowly in the vulva over 10 years: Case report and review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:884-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Magro G, Caltabiano R, Kacerovská D, Vecchio GM, Kazakov D, Michal M. Vulvovaginal myofibroblastoma: expanding the morphological and immunohistochemical spectrum. A clinicopathologic study of 10 cases. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:243-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
23
|
Epithelioid solitary fibrous tumor of the central nervous system. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114:72-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Musyoki FN, Nahal A, Powell TI. Solitary fibrous tumor: an update on the spectrum of extrapleural manifestations. Skeletal Radiol 2012; 41:5-13. [PMID: 20953607 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-010-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare tumor initially believed to be a benign localized pleural tumor of mesothelial origin. Over the past few years, the literature on this tumor has grown tremendously. The tumor is now reported in diverse bodily locations, and recognized to have a wider range of clinical and radiological features. The most common extrapleural sites of the tumor are the orbits and the extremities. Tumors are often well-circumscribed masses, and vary in size from 1 cm to over 30 cm. The admixture of histological components in the tumor, namely, fibrous tissue, cellular components, and highly vascularized areas consisting of numerous closely packed small to medium-sized blood vessels, influence the imaging appearances of the tumor. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor is suggested by a well-circumscribed mass that has smooth margins, and focal or diffuse hypointense signal on T2-weighted imaging due to fibrous content in the tumor. SFTs demonstrate strong focal or diffuse contrast enhancement due to the highly vascularized areas in the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis N Musyoki
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Avenue Cedar, C5-118, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging features of solitary fibrous tumors involving the kidney, bladder, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum, or pelvis and other rare locations. CONCLUSION Although clear radiologic differentiation of solitary fibrous tumors from malignancy is not possible, we suggest that familiarity with the manifestations of solitary fibrous tumors can help to avoid unnecessary radical surgery before histopathologic proof of malignancy is obtained.
Collapse
|
27
|
Vaysse C, Escourrou G, Motton S, Garrido I, Hoff J, Leguevaque P. Tumeur fibreuse solitaire de la vulve : à propos d’un cas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:e49-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Vulva: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 13 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:393-400. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181cf7fc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Miscellaneous Pseudotumors and Mesenchymal Tumors of the Female Genital Tract. Surg Pathol Clin 2009; 2:755-83. [PMID: 26838778 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benign and malignant soft tissue tumors and pseudotumors can rarely arise anywhere in the female genital tract. Their pathologic features as well as behavior typically overlap with those described in tumors involving typical locations. However, due to their rarity, not infrequently these tumors represent a diagnostic challenge. Their diagnosis should be based on careful gross examination, thorough sampling, and morphologic evaluation, applying a selected immunohistochemical panel and molecular studies. Accurate classification of these tumors is important because their clinical behavior, prognosis, and therapy differ markedly. This article outlines several mesenchymal lesions reported in the female genital tract, encompassing recent histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings, with special emphasis on problems in the differential diagnosis.
Collapse
|