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Goss JA, Maclellan RA, Greene AK. Primary Lymphedema of the Upper Extremities: Clinical and Lymphoscintigraphic Features in 23 Patients. Lymphat Res Biol 2019; 17:40-44. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2017.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Goss
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Lymphedema Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reid A. Maclellan
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Lymphedema Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arin K. Greene
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Lymphedema Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Janssens P, Dekeuleneer V, Van Damme A, Brouillard P, Revencu N, Clapuyt P, Ferreira I, Ballieux F, Vikkula M, Marot L, Baeck M, Boon LM. Angiosarcoma arising from congenital primary lymphedema. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:e382-e388. [PMID: 30216524 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the case of a 3-year-old girl with atypical congenital right upper limb lymphedema who developed an angiosarcoma. Only a few cases have been reported following congenital form of lymphedema and only 4 in such a young child. We also summarize all cases of angiosarcoma associated with congenital lymphedema reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Janssens
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Dekeuleneer
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Van Damme
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Brouillard
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Clapuyt
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Department of Anatomopathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fanny Ballieux
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liliane Marot
- Department of Anatomopathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Baeck
- Department of Dermatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence M Boon
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Center for Vascular Anomalies, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Felmerer G, Dowlatshahi AS, Stark GB, Földi E, Földi M, Ahls MG, Ströbel P, Aung T. Lymphangiosarcoma: Is Stewart-Treves Syndrome a Preventable Condition? Lymphat Res Biol 2015; 14:35-9. [PMID: 26584023 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stewart-Treves syndrome is a rare complication of breast cancer treatment, representing a lymphangiosarcoma commonly associated with lymphedema and severely impacting patient's outcome. The tumor typically develops in the atrophic, pachydermatous, hyperkeratotic skin of limbs affected by long-standing lymphedema. Clinical data associated with Stewart-Treves syndrome and lymphedema management have rarely been published. METHODS AND RESULTS In the period between 1980 and 2009, ten patients with Stewart-Treves syndrome were diagnosed and treated at the Foeldiklinik, Hinterzarten, Germany. Nine of the ten patients were female. Five patients had previously suffered from breast cancer (and were treated with mastectomy); two from other malignancies; two patients had primary lymphedema, and one had undergone lower extremity lymphadenectomy. All cancer patients had undergone radiation treatment. In all cases, the sarcoma developed in non-irradiated areas 6-48 years (average 16.3 years) after the onset of lymphedema. None of the patients had received complex decongestive physical therapy (CDT). Two patients had above-elbow amputation, one had shoulder exarticulation, two patients had wide excision and skin grafting, two patients had above-knee amputation procedure, two patients had a below-knee amputation procedure, and one patient had no surgical treatment at all. The time to recurrence after surgery, time to metastasis, patient survival and CDT were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Patients with lymphedema should be closely examined starting 5 years from the time of lymphedema onset, paying special attention to those with associated malignancies. Only early diagnosis and treatment by radical ablative surgery confers a reasonable prognosis with this rare but aggressive disease. A potential effect of CDT on lymphangiosarcoma has to be studied in a greater patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Felmerer
- 1 Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre , Göttingen, Germany
| | - A S Dowlatshahi
- 2 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Bjoern Stark
- 3 Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ethelka Földi
- 4 Lymphologische Fachklinik , Földiklinik, Hinterzarten, Germany, Competence Network for Lymphology, Freiburg-Hinterzarten, Germany
| | - Martha Földi
- 4 Lymphologische Fachklinik , Földiklinik, Hinterzarten, Germany, Competence Network for Lymphology, Freiburg-Hinterzarten, Germany
| | - Maria G Ahls
- 5 Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- 5 Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- 1 Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre , Göttingen, Germany
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Almond MH, Jones RL, Thway K, Fisher C, Moskovic E, Judson IR. Atypical metastatic profile in Stewart-Treves syndrome. Acta Oncol 2010; 49:1388-90. [PMID: 20524777 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.491089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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McHaffie DR, Kozak KR, Warner TF, Cho CS, Heiner JP, Attia S. Stewart-Treves Syndrome of the Lower Extremity. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:e351-2. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. McHaffie
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Kevin R. Kozak
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Thomas F. Warner
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Clifford S. Cho
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - John P. Heiner
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Steven Attia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Abstract
Introduction Lymphoedema (LE) is a disorder characterized by persistent swelling caused by impaired lymphatic drainage because of various aetiologies, including lymphatic injury and congenital functional or anatomical defects. Objective Literature review and expert opinion about diagnosis and treatment of LE in children. Results LE is rare in children, with a prevalence of about 1.15/100,000 persons, 20 years old. The management of LE in children differs considerably from adults in terms of origin, co-morbidity and therapeutic approach. The objective of this presentation is to discuss practical issues related to clinically relevant information on the diagnosis, aetiology, work-up and treatment of LE in children. In contrast to adults, who usually experience secondary LE because of acquired lymphatic failure, most cases in children have a primary origin. The diagnosis can be made mainly on the basis of careful personal and family history, and physical examination. LE in children can be part of a syndrome if there are other concomitant phenotypic abnormalities and if a genetic defect is recognizable. Treatment of LE is mostly conservative utilizing decongestive LE therapy including compression therapy, directed exercises, massage and skincare. In the neonate, initial observation alone may be sufficient, as delayed lymphatic development and maturation can result in spontaneous improvement. The role of parents is crucial in providing the necessary input. Conclusion We present a review emphasizing a practical approach to treating a child with LE according to current publications and our own experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Damstra
- Department of Dermatology, Phlebology and Lymphology, Nij Smellinghe Hospital Drachten, The Netherlands
| | - P S Mortimer
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Sciences (Dermatology), St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London, UK
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