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Guarneri A, Perrone E, Bosello SL, D'Agostino MA, Leccisotti L. The role of PET/CT in connective tissue disorders: systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2022; 66:194-205. [PMID: 36066111 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.22.03463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques are needed to help clinicians in the diagnosis, in the choice of the right time for therapeutic interventions or for modifications and monitoring of treatment response in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Nuclear medicine imaging, especially PET/CT and PET/MRI, may play an important role in detecting disease activity, assessing early treatment response as well as in clarifying the complex mechanisms underlying systemic sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, [18F]FDG PET/CT may help in excluding or detecting coexisting malignancies. Other more specific radiopharmaceuticals are being developed and investigated, targeting specific cells and molecules involved in connective tissue diseases. Further larger studies with standardized imaging protocol and image interpretation are strongly required before including PET/CT in the diagnostic work-up of subsets of patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guarneri
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Perrone
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences and Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia L Bosello
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria A D'Agostino
- Unit of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leccisotti
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy -
- Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences and Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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van Ginkel MS, Glaudemans AW, van der Vegt B, Mossel E, Kroese FG, Bootsma H, Vissink A. Imaging in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2492. [PMID: 32756395 PMCID: PMC7463854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction and lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Besides the characteristic sicca complaints, pSS patients can present a spectrum of signs and symptoms, which challenges the diagnostic process. Various imaging techniques can be used to assist in the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of pSS patients. Developments in imaging techniques provide new opportunities and perspectives. In this descriptive review, we discuss imaging techniques that are used in pSS with a focus on the salivary glands. The emphasis is on the contribution of these techniques to the diagnosis of pSS, their potential in assessing disease activity and disease progression in pSS, and their contribution to diagnosing and staging of pSS-associated lymphomas. Imaging findings of the salivary glands will be linked to histopathological changes in the salivary glands of pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S. van Ginkel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.); (F.G.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Esther Mossel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.); (F.G.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Frans G.M. Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.); (F.G.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.M.); (F.G.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rahman WT, Wale DJ, Viglianti BL, Townsend DM, Manganaro MS, Gross MD, Wong KK, Rubello D. The impact of infection and inflammation in oncologic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109168. [PMID: 31334700 PMCID: PMC7104808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sites of infection and inflammation can be misleading in oncology PET/CT imaging because these areas commonly show 18F-FDG activity. Caution in the interpretation must be taken to avoid the misdiagnosis of malignancy. Utilization of both CT findings as well as patient history can help differentiate benign infectious and inflammatory processes from malignancy, although occasionally additional work-up may be required. This article discusses the mechanism of 18F-FDG uptake in infection and inflammation with illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tania Rahman
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Wale
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Benjamin L Viglianti
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Division of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew S Manganaro
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Milton D Gross
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ka Kit Wong
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Interventional Radiology, Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
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Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease affecting exocrine glands, mostly lacrimal and salivary glands. Rarely, extraglandular sites such as skin, lung, kidneys, and nervous system may be involved. F-FDG PET/CT can be employed in SS for assessment of disease activity and for exclusion of lymphoma. We here present the case of a 61-year-old woman with SS where multisystem involvement was demonstrated on F-FDG PET/CT.
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Kong E, Chun K, Cho I. Incidentally Detected Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of Parotid Gland by F-18 FDG PET/CT. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 50:95-7. [PMID: 26941868 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-015-0346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- EunJung Kong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Namgu Daemyung 5-dong 317-1, 705-717 Daegu, Korea
| | - KyungAh Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Namgu Daemyung 5-dong 317-1, 705-717 Daegu, Korea
| | - IhnHo Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Namgu Daemyung 5-dong 317-1, 705-717 Daegu, Korea
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Ziakas PD, Poulou LS, Thanos L. Towards integrating positron emission tomography for work-up of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and associated lymphomas. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:327-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cohen C, Mekinian A, Uzunhan Y, Fauchais AL, Dhote R, Pop G, Eder V, Nunes H, Brillet PY, Valeyre D, Fain O, Soussan M. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography as an objective tool for assessing disease activity in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:1109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Oh JR, Song HC, Kang SR, Yoo SW, Kim J, Chong A, Min JJ, Bom HS, Lee SS, Park YW. The Clinical Usefulness of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Disease. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 45:177-84. [PMID: 24900001 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-011-0094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with systemic autoimmune disease have an increased susceptibility to both inflammation and malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in patients with systemic autoimmune disease. METHODS Forty patients diagnosed with systemic autoimmune disease were enrolled. Diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT for detecting malignancy was assessed. FDG PET/CT findings, including maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) of lymphadenopathy (LAP), liver, bone marrow, spleen, joint and muscles, were considered for the characterization of LAPs. RESULTS FDG PET/CT could detect metabolically activated lesions in 36 out of 40 patients (90%) including inflammatory lesions in 28 out of 32 patients (88%). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FDG PET/CT for the detection of malignancy were 100, 67, 70, 25, and 100%, respectively. Multiple LAPs were found in 25 of 40 patients (63%), and comprised three malignancies, four cases of tuberculosis, and 18 reactive changes. A SUVmax ratio of bone marrow to liver below 0.78 could distinguish malignancy from tuberculosis + reactive change (AUC = 1.000, sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 100%). The SUVmax ratio of spleen to liver in the reactive group was also significantly higher than that in the malignancy group (P = 0.014). SUVmax of LAP in the TB group was significantly higher than that in the reactive group (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS PET/CT is useful in detecting and differentiating inflammation and malignancy in patients with systemic autoimmune disease. Frequent false-positive interpretations can be minimized by consideration of FDG uptake in bone marrow and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ryool Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Ho-Chun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Sae-Ryung Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Su-Woong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Jahae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 8 Hakdong, Dongku, Gwangju 501-757 South Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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Role of Nuclear Scintigraphy in the Characterization and Management of the Salivary Component of Sjögren's Syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2008; 34:973-86, ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Significance of incidental fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the parotid glands and its impact on patient management. Nucl Med Commun 2008; 29:367-73. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e3282f8147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bar-Shalom R. Normal and Abnormal Patterns of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in Lymphoma. Radiol Clin North Am 2007; 45:677-88, vi-vii. [PMID: 17706532 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the high performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET for the evaluation of lymphoma, inherent limitations of this modality underscore the additional value of PET/CT as an important tool in the assessment of this disease. Accumulating data on the use of PET/CT in lymphoma indicate the contribution of hybrid imaging to improved interpretation accuracy of PET using FDG and CT. Knowledge of the normal and abnormal patterns of FDG-PET/CT imaging and their variability in patients with lymphoma is important to provide a comprehensive clinically significant interpretation that has an impact on patient management and potentially on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bar-Shalom
- Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 35254 Israel.
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Raynaud FR, Huglo D, Steinling M. La tomographie d'émission de positons en médecine interne : applications actuelles et perspectives d'avenir. Rev Med Interne 2006; 27:932-45. [PMID: 16870308 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a promising imaging technique that has already proven effective in modifying patient care in oncology. Fluorodeoxyglucose still remains the main radiopharmaceutical agent routinely used for PET imaging. A growing interest has recently lead to broaden PET research on benign disorders. The field of inflammatory or immune diseases and globally the field of internal medicine could also be impacted by FDG-PET. MAIN POINTS Great vessels vasculitides and fever of unknown origin have both been studied by several teams and could become indications for PET. In addition, current indications now extend to paraneoplastic syndromes. It is thus possible to foresee that the clinical applications for PET will continue to expand in these patients. PERSPECTIVES AND PROJECTS In the future, inflammatory arthritis, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic erythematous lupus, histiocytosis, or pulmonary and retroperitoneal fibrosis might benefit from PET even if, available data remains scarce to this day. Although PET will probably alter the landscape of patient management in internal medicine in the near future, additional clinical research is still needed to ascertain the exact role of PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-R Raynaud
- Service de médecine nucléaire et d'imagerie fonctionnelle, hôpital Claude-Huriez, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
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Bar-Shalom R. Normal and Abnormal Patterns of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in Lymphoma. PET Clin 2006; 1:231-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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