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Gunes D, Oksuz S, Koseoglu RD, Gokce E. Comparison of the Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) and Fat Graft on Autologous Bone Grafting in a Randomized-controlled Experimental Skull Model. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:1298-1304. [PMID: 38710066 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold standard method for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects is the autogenous bone grafting procedure. A number of new and potentially useful adjuncts currently are being investigated to enhance the success of bone grafting. We propose to evaluate the effect of the most known and easily obtained 2 biological materials, fat graft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), on bone graft healing. Twenty-seven New Zealand male rabbits were included in this randomized, controlled study. Two-sided 15-mm diameter bone defects were created in the parietal bones and the bones taken were replaced right-to-left and vice versa with 1 control group, 1 fat graft applied group, and the last one PRP applied group. Histologic evaluation and 3-dimensional maxillofacial computerized tomography were performed and bone density was calculated. In radiologic analysis, bone density was significantly different in the PRP group compared with the control and fat graft group in the 12th week ( P <0.05). In histologic scoring analysis, the PRP group had a better score than the control and fat graft group, while the fat graft group was worse than the control group in the 6th week ( P <0.05). The addition of PRP had a positive effect whereas fat graft had a negative effect on bone graft healing compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gunes
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Aydin State Hospital, Aydin
| | - Sinan Oksuz
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara
| | | | - Erkan Gokce
- Department of Radiology, Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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Słota D, Piętak K, Jampilek J, Sobczak-Kupiec A. Polymeric and Composite Carriers of Protein and Non-Protein Biomolecules for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2235. [PMID: 36984115 PMCID: PMC10059071 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional intake of drugs and active substances is most often based on oral intake of an appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect in the affected area or source of pain. In this case, controlling their distribution in the body is difficult, as the substance also reaches other tissues. This phenomenon results in the occurrence of side effects and the need to increase the concentration of the therapeutic substance to ensure it has the desired effect. The scientific field of tissue engineering proposes a solution to this problem, which creates the possibility of designing intelligent systems for delivering active substances precisely to the site of disease conversion. The following review discusses significant current research strategies as well as examples of polymeric and composite carriers for protein and non-protein biomolecules designed for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Słota
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karina Piętak
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
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Hoshi M, Taira M, Sawada T, Hachinohe Y, Hatakeyama W, Takafuji K, Tekemoto S, Kondo H. Preparation of Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composites Using the Alternate Immersion Method and Evaluation of the Cranial Bone-Forming Capability of Composites Complexed with Acidic Gelatin and b-FGF. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8802. [PMID: 36556608 PMCID: PMC9787395 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone-substitute materials are essential in dental implantology. We prepared collagen (Col)/hydroxyapatite (Hap)/acidic gelatin (AG)/basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) constructs with enhanced bone-forming capability. The Col/Hap apatite composites were prepared by immersing Col sponges alternately in calcium and phosphate ion solutions five times, for 20 and 60 min, respectively. Then, the sponges were heated to 56 °C for 48 h. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the Col/Hap composites contained poorly crystalline Hap precipitates on the Col matrix. Col/Hap composite granules were infiltrated by AG, freeze-dried, and immersed in b-FGF solution. The wet quaternary constructs were implanted in rat cranial bone defects for 8 weeks, followed by soft X-ray measurements and histological analysis. Animal studies have shown that the constructs moderately increase bone formation in cranial bone defects. We found that an alternate immersion time of 20 min led to the greatest bone formation (p < 0.05). Constructs placed inside defects slightly extend the preexisting bone from the defect edges and lead to the formation of small island-like bones inside the defect, followed by disappearance of the constructs. The combined use of Col, Hap, AG, and b-FGF might bring about novel bone-forming biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hoshi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Taira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Sawada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yuki Hachinohe
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Wataru Hatakeyama
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takafuji
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shinji Tekemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Kondo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
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Sordi MB, da Cruz ACC, Aragones Á, Cordeiro MMR, de Souza Magini R. PLGA+HA/βTCP Scaffold Incorporating Simvastatin: A Promising Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:93-101. [PMID: 32699891 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate degradation and biocompatibility of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA/βTCP) scaffolds incorporating simvastatin (SIM) to verify if this biomaterial might be promising for bone tissue engineering. Samples were obtained by the solvent evaporation technique. Biphasic ceramic particles (70% HA, 30% βTCP) were added to PLGA in a ratio of 1:1. Samples with SIM received 1% (m/m) of this medication. Scaffolds were synthesized in a cylindric shape and sterilized by ethylene oxide. For degradation analysis, samples were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C under constant stirring for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Nondegraded samples were taken as reference. Mass variation, scanning electron microscopy, porosity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were performed to evaluate physico-chemical properties. Wettability and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility. Microscopic images revealed the presence of macro-, meso-, and micropores in the polymer structure with HA/βTCP particles homogeneously dispersed. Chemical and thermal analyses presented similar results for both PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM. The incorporation of simvastatin improved the hydrophilicity of scaffolds. Additionally, PLGA+HA/βTCP and PLGA+HA/βTCP+SIM scaffolds were biocompatible for osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, PLGA+HA/βTCP scaffolds incorporating simvastatin presented adequate structural, chemical, thermal, and biological properties for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Beatriz Sordi
- Center for Research on Dental Implants, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Águedo Aragones
- Ceramic & Composite Materials Research Laboratories, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Liang W, Chen X, Dong Y, Zhou P, Xu F. Recent advances in biomaterials as instructive scaffolds for stem cells in tissue repair and regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1848832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, P. R. China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
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Abdulghani S, Mitchell GR. Biomaterials for In Situ Tissue Regeneration: A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E750. [PMID: 31752393 PMCID: PMC6920773 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on a somewhat unexplored strand of regenerative medicine, that is in situ tissue engineering. In this approach manufactured scaffolds are implanted in the injured region for regeneration within the patient. The scaffold is designed to attract cells to the required volume of regeneration to subsequently proliferate, differentiate, and as a consequence develop tissue within the scaffold which in time will degrade leaving just the regenerated tissue. This review highlights the wealth of information available from studies of ex-situ tissue engineering about the selection of materials for scaffolds. It is clear that there are great opportunities for the use of additive manufacturing to prepare complex personalized scaffolds and we speculate that by building on this knowledge and technology, the development of in situ tissue engineering could rapidly increase. Ex-situ tissue engineering is handicapped by the need to develop the tissue in a bioreactor where the conditions, however optimized, may not be optimum for accelerated growth and maintenance of the cell function. We identify that in both methodologies the prospect of tissue regeneration has created much promise but delivered little outside the scope of laboratory-based experiments. We propose that the design of the scaffolds and the materials selected remain at the heart of developments in this field and there is a clear need for predictive modelling which can be used in the design and optimization of materials and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Abdulghani
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-080 Marinha Grande, Portugal;
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Abstract
This review focuses on a somewhat unexplored strand of regenerative medicine, that is in situ tissue engineering. In this approach manufactured scaffolds are implanted in the injured region for regeneration within the patient. The scaffold is designed to attract cells to the required volume of regeneration to subsequently proliferate, differentiate, and as a consequence develop tissue within the scaffold which in time will degrade leaving just the regenerated tissue. This review highlights the wealth of information available from studies of ex-situ tissue engineering about the selection of materials for scaffolds. It is clear that there are great opportunities for the use of additive manufacturing to prepare complex personalized scaffolds and we speculate that by building on this knowledge and technology, the development of in situ tissue engineering could rapidly increase. Ex-situ tissue engineering is handicapped by the need to develop the tissue in a bioreactor where the conditions, however optimized, may not be optimum for accelerated growth and maintenance of the cell function. We identify that in both methodologies the prospect of tissue regeneration has created much promise but delivered little outside the scope of laboratory-based experiments. We propose that the design of the scaffolds and the materials selected remain at the heart of developments in this field and there is a clear need for predictive modelling which can be used in the design and optimization of materials and scaffolds.
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Abstract
Nanoparticulate materials displaying enzyme-like properties, so-called nanozymes, are explored as substitutes for natural enzymes in several industrial, energy-related, and biomedical applications. Outstanding high stability, enhanced catalytic activities, low cost, and availability at industrial scale are some of the fascinating features of nanozymes. Furthermore, nanozymes can also be equipped with the unique attributes of nanomaterials such as magnetic or optical properties. Due to the impressive development of nanozymes during the last decade, their potential in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine also started to be explored. To highlight the progress, in this review, we discuss the two most representative nanozymes, namely, cerium- and iron-oxide nanomaterials, since they are the most widely studied. Special focus is placed on their applications ranging from cardioprotection to therapeutic angiogenesis, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.
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Donos N, Dereka X, Calciolari E. The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration: A narrative review. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:124-161. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Xanthippi Dereka
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
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Caliaperoumal G, Souyet M, Bensidhoum M, Petite H, Anagnostou F. Type 2 diabetes impairs angiogenesis and osteogenesis in calvarial defects: MicroCT study in ZDF rats. Bone 2018; 112:161-172. [PMID: 29702250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was motivated by the fact that bone regeneration in the compromised vascular microenvironment of T2DM is challenging and the factors that determine the adverse bone regeneration outcomes are poorly understood. For this purpose the effect of T2DM on osteogenic and angiogenic healing potential of calvarial bone, was evaluated in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an established rat model for obese T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used 16-week-old ZDF rats and their age-matched controls, Zucker Lean (ZL). Circular defects of different sizes were created on the animal calvaria, either a single 8-mm-diameter (n = 6) defect, or 6-4-2-mm-diameter multidefects (n = 6). Bone regeneration was evaluated at 0, 4, 6 and 8 weeks post surgery using in vivo micro-CT and after animal sacrifice using ex vivo micro-CT. Vascular network parameters within the defects, were quantified by perfusing the animal vasculature with microfil® and scanning it after decalcification. RESULTS Compared to results obtained from the ZL rats, defects of 8-mm-diameter in ZDF rats displayed impaired healing kinetics and significantly reduced newly formed bone volume (p < 0.01) and surface area (p < 0.01), 8 weeks post surgery. Defects of 6-4-2-mm-diameter exhibited bone formation, which was independent of either the size or the diabetic condition. Compared to results from the ZL, in the ZDF rats, vasculature volume and surface area were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in all size-defects. CONCLUSION The present study provided evidence that T2DM impairs bone formation in critical-size calvarial defects and markedly reduces angiogenesis in all defects regardless of the defect size tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guavri Caliaperoumal
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaires, UMR CNRS 7052, CNRS INSIS, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maité Souyet
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaires, UMR CNRS 7052, CNRS INSIS, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaires, UMR CNRS 7052, CNRS INSIS, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Herve Petite
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaires, UMR CNRS 7052, CNRS INSIS, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Biomécanique Ostéo-articulaires, UMR CNRS 7052, CNRS INSIS, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, U.F.R. of Odontology Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France.
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Ridge Preservation After Maxillary Third Molar Extraction Using 30% Porosity PLGA/HA/β-TCP Scaffolds With and Without Simvastatin. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 26:832-840. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Analysis of Bone Repair and Inflammatory Process Caused by Simvastatin Combined With PLGA+HA+βTCP Scaffold. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 25:140-8. [PMID: 26606285 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the tissue and inflammatory responses to the use of simvastatin and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) + hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA+HA+βTCP) scaffold for bone repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two defects of 5 mm in diameter were made in the calvaria of rats, which were shared into the following 6 groups: naive, sham, vehicle, PLGA+HA+βTCP scaffold, simvastatin (4 mg/mL), and simvastatin with the scaffold. Tissue samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. Inflammation was evaluated by interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha quantification and by a hemogram, whereas bone repair was evaluated using densitometry and scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS There was an increased cytokine expression in the scaffold and simvastatin groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) 1 day after surgery but no alterations on the hemogram were observed. It was found on bone tissue samples that 60 days after surgery all groups presented similar densitometry values and morphology characteristics, despite the occurrence of bone formation delay in the simvastatin group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The use of simvastatin and PLGA+HA+βTCP scaffold, associated or not, did not lead to improvement in bone repair.
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Aibibu D, Hild M, Wöltje M, Cherif C. Textile cell-free scaffolds for in situ tissue engineering applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:63. [PMID: 26800694 PMCID: PMC4723636 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the benefits offered by micro-fibrous scaffold architectures fabricated by textile manufacturing techniques are discussed: How can established and novel fiber-processing techniques be exploited in order to generate templates matching the demands of the target cell niche? The problems related to the development of biomaterial fibers (especially from nature-derived materials) ready for textile manufacturing are addressed. Attention is also paid on how biological cues may be incorporated into micro-fibrous scaffold architectures by hybrid manufacturing approaches (e.g. nanofiber or hydrogel functionalization). After a critical review of exemplary recent research works on cell-free fiber based scaffolds for in situ TE, including clinical studies, we conclude that in order to make use of the whole range of favors which may be provided by engineered fibrous scaffold systems, there are four main issues which need to be addressed: (1) Logical combination of manufacturing techniques and materials. (2) Biomaterial fiber development. (3) Adaption of textile manufacturing techniques to the demands of scaffolds for regenerative medicine. (4) Incorporation of biological cues (e.g. stem cell homing factors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilbar Aibibu
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martin Hild
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Wöltje
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chokri Cherif
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, Institut für Textilmaschinen und Textile Hochleistungswerkstofftechnik, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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Kim BS, Kim JS, Yang SS, Kim HW, Lim HJ, Lee J. Angiogenin-loaded fibrin/bone powder composite scaffold for vascularized bone regeneration. Biomater Res 2015; 19:18. [PMID: 26331087 PMCID: PMC4552407 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-015-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenin (ANG) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to fabricate an ANG-loaded scaffold and to evaluate its angiogenic and osteogenic effects. In this study, we fabricated an ANG-loaded scaffold using bovine bone powder and fibrin glue. We then evaluated the structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of the scaffold and the in vitro release profile of ANG. Cell proliferation, viability, and adhesion were evaluated using endothelial cells in vitro, and angiogenesis and new bone formation were evaluated using a rabbit calvarial defect model in vivo. Results Micro-computed tomography imaging showed that the bone powder was uniformly distributed in the scaffold, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the bone powder was bridged by polymerized fibrin. The porosity and compressive strength of the scaffolds were ~60 % and ~0.9 MPa, respectively, and were not significantly altered by ANG loading. In vitro, at 7 days, approximately 0.4 μg and 1.3 μg of the ANG were released from the FB/ANG 0.5 and FB/ANG 2.0, respectively and sustained slow release was observed until 25 days. The released ANG stimulated cell proliferation and adherence and was not cytotoxic. Furthermore, in vivo implantation resulted in enhanced angiogenesis, and new bone formation depended on the amount of loaded ANG. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that a fibrin and bone powder scaffold loaded with ANG might be useful to promote bone regeneration by enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Su Kim
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Korea ; Bonecell Biotech Inc., Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 302-830 Korea
| | - Jin-Seong Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA, Eumseong, 369-873 Korea
| | - Sun-Sik Yang
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Korea
| | - Hyung-Woo Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Korea
| | - Hun Jun Lim
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Korea ; Bonecell Biotech Inc., Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 302-830 Korea ; Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749 Korea
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The Effects of Nonvascularized Versus Vascularized Bone Grafting on Calvarial Defect Healing. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:290-5. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Das A, Barker DA, Wang T, Lau CM, Lin Y, Botchwey EA. Delivery of bioactive lipids from composite microgel-microsphere injectable scaffolds enhances stem cell recruitment and skeletal repair. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101276. [PMID: 25077607 PMCID: PMC4117484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a microgel composed of chitosan and inorganic phosphates was used to deliver poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLAGA) microspheres loaded with sphingolipid growth factor FTY720 to critical size cranial defects in Sprague Dawley rats. We show that sustained release of FTY720 from injected microspheres used alone or in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP2) improves defect vascularization and bone formation in the presence and absence of rhBMP2 as evaluated by quantitative microCT and histological measurements. Moreover, sustained delivery of FTY720 from PLAGA and local targeting of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors reduces CD45+ inflammatory cell infiltration, promotes endogenous recruitment of CD29+CD90+ bone progenitor cells and enhances the efficacy of rhBMP2 from chitosan microgels. Companion in vitro studies suggest that selective activation of sphingosine receptor subtype-3 (S1P3) via FTY720 treatment induces smad-1 phosphorylation in bone-marrow stromal cells. Additionally, FTY720 enhances stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) mediated chemotaxis of CD90+CD11B-CD45- bone progenitor cells in vitro after stimulation with rhBMP2. We believe that use of such small molecule delivery formulations to recruit endogenous bone progenitors may be an attractive alternative to exogenous cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Das
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Barker
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Influence of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Bone Regeneration in Experimental Cranial Defects Using Spongostan and Bio-Oss as Protein Carriers. J Craniofac Surg 2013; 24:1507-14. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31828f2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fabiilli ML, Wilson CG, Padilla F, Martín-Saavedra FM, Fowlkes JB, Franceschi RT. Acoustic droplet-hydrogel composites for spatial and temporal control of growth factor delivery and scaffold stiffness. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7399-409. [PMID: 23535233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by temporally and spatially restricted patterns of growth factor signaling, but there are few delivery vehicles capable of the "on-demand" release necessary for recapitulating these patterns. Recently we described a perfluorocarbon double emulsion that selectively releases a protein payload upon exposure to ultrasound through a process known as acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). In this study, we describe a delivery system composed of fibrin hydrogels doped with growth factor-loaded double emulsion for applications in tissue regeneration. Release of immunoreactive basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from the composites increased up to 5-fold following ADV and delayed release was achieved by delaying exposure to ultrasound. Releasates of ultrasound-treated materials significantly increased the proliferation of endothelial cells compared to sham controls, indicating that the released bFGF was bioactive. ADV also triggered changes in the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the fibrin as bubble formation and consolidation of the fibrin in ultrasound-treated composites were accompanied by up to a 22-fold increase in shear stiffness. ADV did not reduce the viability of cells suspended in composite scaffolds. These results demonstrate that an acoustic droplet-hydrogel composite could have broad utility in promoting wound healing through on-demand control of growth factor release and/or scaffold architecture.
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Vajgel A, Mardas N, Farias BC, Petrie A, Cimões R, Donos N. A systematic review on the critical size defect model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:879-93. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Vajgel
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department; University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE); Recife Brazil
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília Brazil
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Nikos Mardas
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Bruna Carvalho Farias
- CAPES Foundation; Ministry of Education of Brazil; Brasília Brazil
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
- Postgraduate Department; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Brazil
| | - Aviva Petrie
- Biostatistics Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | - Renata Cimões
- Department of Prosthesis and Oral and Facial Surgery; Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE); Recife Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Periodontology Unit; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
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Van den Vreken NMF, Dubruel P, Verbeeck RMH. The effect of a photopolymerizable poly(ε-caprolactone-co-glycolide) matrix on the cement reactions of tetracalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate–monocalcium phosphate monohydrate mixtures. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1584-1594. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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In vivo osteoinductivity of gelatin β-tri-calcium phosphate sponge and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on an equine third metacarpal bone defect. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1021-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Yun YR, Jang JH, Jeon E, Kang W, Lee S, Won JE, Kim HW, Wall I. Administration of growth factors for bone regeneration. Regen Med 2012; 7:369-85. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) such as BMPs, FGFs, VEGFs and IGFs have significant impacts on osteoblast behavior, and thus have been widely utilized for bone tissue regeneration. Recently, securing biological stability for a sustainable and controllable release to the target tissue has been a challenge to practical applications. This challenge has been addressed to some degree with the development of appropriate carrier materials and delivery systems. This review highlights the importance and roles of those GFs, as well as their proper administration for targeting bone regeneration. Additionally, the in vitro and in vivo performance of those GFs with or without the use of carrier systems in the repair and regeneration of bone tissue is systematically addressed. Moreover, some recent advances in the utility of the GFs, such as using fusion technology, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Rang Yun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Eunyi Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Wonmo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Won
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Ivan Wall
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Draenert FG, Nonnenmacher AL, Kämmerer PW, Goldschmitt J, Wagner W. BMP-2 and bFGF release and in vitro effect on human osteoblasts after adsorption to bone grafts and biomaterials. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:750-7. [PMID: 22524399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combination of scaffolds and growth factors is a promising option for several clinical problems in bone biomaterials. Simplified growth factor loading by adsorption from aqueous solution is one important option for this technology. We evaluated the adsorption followed by PBS rinsing, release and biological effect of transient loading with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) on fresh frozen bone, processed bone matrix, collagen, and a ceramic material with immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of three in vitro experiments (immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qRT-PCR) in human osteoblasts (HOB). The first evaluated the adsorption of the growth factors bFGF and BMP-2 to the biomaterials, analyzed by immunofluorescence assays. The second experiment used ELISA to analyze the release of the growth factors from the matrix. The biological effect of the growth factors on HOB was then studied with qRT-PCR experiments as the third step. RESULTS Strongest sustained release peaks in ELISA were observed in bFGF loading on processed bone matrix (steam-resistant mineralized bone matrix, SMBM) with up to 553 pg/ml medium. BMP-2 loading was less effective in ELISA peak release experiments with up to 257 pg/ml medium in processed bone matrix (SMBM). bFGF showed also higher release peaks in collagen material (192 pg/ml) compared with BMP-2 (101 pg/ml). Cumulative release values 0-72 h were estimated. The expression of runX2, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase as markers for osteoblast activity was correlating. CONCLUSION The results showed sustained release of BMP-2 and bFGF after transient loading on bone biomaterials with a stronger effect in biological scaffolds. This is interesting for therapeutic growth factor loading as well as insights in natural growth factor matrix deposition during bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian G Draenert
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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24
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Takaoka R, Hikasa Y, Hayashi K, Tabata Y. Bone Regeneration by Lactoferrin Released from a Gelatin Hydrogel. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1581-9. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x517095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Takaoka
- a Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-cho, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hikasa
- b Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-cho, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- c Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- d Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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25
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Zou GK, Song YL, Zhou W, Yu M, Liang LH, Sun DC, Li DH, Deng ZX, Zhu WZ. Effects of local delivery of bFGF from PLGA microspheres on osseointegration around implants in diabetic rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:284-9. [PMID: 22883977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus may impair bone healing after dental implant placement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres on osseointegration around titanium implants in diabetic rats. STUDY DESIGN The bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by the W/O/W double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. A total of 20 rats were used to create diabetic animal models by giving them a high-fat and high-sugar diet and a low-dose streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. Titanium implants were planted into the tibias of the diabetic rats and into 10 normal rats. Microspheres were loaded on the surfaces of the implants in the bFGF intervention group before they were placed into the rats. After 4 or 8 weeks, the tibias containing the implants were removed and embedded with resin. Uncalcified tissue slices were prepared to compare osseointegration. RESULTS At 4 weeks, the bone-implant contact rate in the diabetic control group was less than that in the control group and the bFGF intervention group (P < .05). At 8 weeks, the results among the 3 groups were similar to those at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The local delivery of bFGF from PLGA microspheres into areas around titanium implants may improve osseointegration in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ke Zou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Costa-Pinto AR, Reis RL, Neves NM. Scaffolds based bone tissue engineering: the role of chitosan. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 17:331-47. [PMID: 21810029 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, malfunction or loss of tissue caused by injury or disease leads to reduced quality of life in many patients at significant socioeconomic cost. Even though major progress has been made in the field of bone tissue engineering, present therapies, such as bone grafts, still have limitations. Current research on biodegradable polymers is emerging, combining these structures with osteogenic cells, as an alternative to autologous bone grafts. Different types of biodegradable materials have been proposed for the preparation of three-dimensional porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Among them, natural polymers are one of the most attractive options, mainly due to their similarities with extracellular matrix, chemical versatility, good biological performance, and inherent cellular interactions. In this review, special attention is given to chitosan as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. An extensive literature survey was performed on the preparation of chitosan scaffolds and their in vitro biological performance as well as their potential to facilitate in vivo bone regeneration. The present review also aims to offer the reader a general overview of all components needed to engineer new bone tissue. It gives a brief background on bone biology, followed by an explanation of all components in bone tissue engineering, as well as describing different tissue engineering strategies. Moreover, also discussed are the typical models used to evaluate in vitro functionality of a tissue-engineered construct and in vivo models to assess the potential to regenerate bone tissue are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Costa-Pinto
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Meng J, Zhang Y, Qi X, Kong H, Wang C, Xu Z, Xie S, Gu N, Xu H. Paramagnetic nanofibrous composite films enhance the osteogenic responses of pre-osteoblast cells. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2565-9. [PMID: 20949222 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a paramagnetic nanofibrous composite film was fabricated with poly lactide, hydroxyapatite and γ-Fe(2)0(3) nanoparticles using the electrospinning technique. The composite film significantly enhanced the proliferation, differentiation and ECM secretion of the osteoblast cells under a static magnetic field, which offers promising application potentials in bone tissue engineering and bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Wang X, Nyman J, Dong X, Leng H, Reyes M. Fundamental Biomechanics in Bone Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2200/s00246ed1v01y200912tis004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Kwan MD, Slater BJ, Wan DC, Longaker MT. Cell-based therapies for skeletal regenerative medicine. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:R93-8. [PMID: 18632703 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal deficits represent a substantial biomedical burden on the US healthcare system. Current strategies for reconstructing bony defects are fraught with inadequacies. Cell-based therapies for skeletal regeneration offer a paradigm shift that may provide alternative solutions. Substantial work has identified a host of cellular sources that possess the potential for osteogenic differentiation. Significant efforts have been devoted toward characterizing the role of postnatal cellular sources that are relatively abundant and easily accessible. Among these, the potential of using adipose-derived stromal cells for skeletal regeneration has garnered much interest. Integral to these efforts directed at characterizing cellular sources are studies that seek to understand the factors that initiate and regulate osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Specifically, focus has been directed on elucidating the role of bone morphogenetic protein and fibroblast growth factor signaling in regulating osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Concurrent studies in the field of scaffold design have also helped to advance the potential for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Kwan
- Department of Surgery, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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