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Yao X, Yan Z, Wang X, Jiang H, Qian Y, Fan C. The influence of reduced graphene oxide on stem cells: a perspective in peripheral nerve regeneration. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab032. [PMID: 34188955 PMCID: PMC8226110 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are fascinating materials for their extraordinary electrochemical and mechanical properties. In recent decades, many researchers explored their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possesses remarkable structural and functional resemblance to graphene, although some residual oxygen-containing groups and defects exist in the structure. Such structure holds great potential since the remnant-oxygenated groups can further be functionalized or modified. Moreover, oxygen-containing groups can improve the dispersion of rGO in organic or aqueous media. Therefore, it is preferable to utilize rGO in the production of composite materials. The rGO composite scaffolds provide favorable extracellular microenvironment and affect the cellular behavior of cultured cells in the peripheral nerve regeneration. On the one hand, rGO impacts on Schwann cells and neurons which are major components of peripheral nerves. On the other hand, rGO-incorporated composite scaffolds promote the neurogenic differentiation of several stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and neural stem cells. This review will briefly introduce the production and major properties of rGO, and its potential in modulating the cellular behaviors of specific stem cells. Finally, we present its emerging roles in the production of composite scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huiquan Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Metro loop Road Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Jang S, Cho HH, Kim SH, Lee KH, Cho YB, Park JS, Jeong HS. Transplantation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells for repair of injured spiral ganglion neurons in deaf guinea pigs. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:994-1000. [PMID: 27482231 PMCID: PMC4962600 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive noise, ototoxic drugs, infections, autoimmune diseases, and aging can cause loss of spiral ganglion neurons, leading to permanent sensorineural hearing loss in mammals. Stem cells have been confirmed to be able to differentiate into spiral ganglion neurons. Little has been reported on adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for repair of injured spiral ganglion neurons. In this study, we hypothesized that transplantation of neural induced-human ADSCs (NI-hADSCs) can repair the injured spiral ganglion neurons in guinea pigs with neomycin-induced sensorineural hearing loss. NI-hADSCs were induced with culture medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor and forskolin and then injected to the injured cochleae. Guinea pigs that received injection of Hanks' balanced salt solution into the cochleae were used as controls. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that at 8 weeks after cell transplantation, the number of surviving spiral ganglion neurons in the cell transplantation group was significantly increased than that in the control group. Also at 8 weeks after cell transplantation, immunohistochemical staining showed that a greater number of NI-hADSCs in the spiral ganglions were detected in the cell transplantation group than in the control group, and these NI-hADSCs expressed neuronal markers neurofilament protein and microtubule-associated protein 2. Within 8 weeks after cell transplantation, the guinea pigs in the cell transplantation group had a gradually decreased auditory brainstem response threshold, while those in the control group had almost no response to 80 dB of clicks or pure tone burst. These findings suggest that a large amount of NI-hADSCs migrated to the spiral ganglions, survived for a period of time, repaired the injured spiral ganglion cells, and thereby contributed to the recovery of sensorineural hearing loss in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong-Ho Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Park
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Xu Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Li R, Li D, Feng S. A Silk Fibroin/Collagen Nerve Scaffold Seeded with a Co-Culture of Schwann Cells and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Sciatic Nerve Regeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147184. [PMID: 26799619 PMCID: PMC4723261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising alternative to autologous nerve grafts, tissue-engineered nerve grafts have been extensively studied as a way to bridge peripheral nerve defects and guide nerve regeneration. The main difference between autogenous nerve grafts and tissue-engineered nerve grafts is the regenerative microenvironment formed by the grafts. If an appropriate regenerative microenvironment is provided, the repair of a peripheral nerve is feasible. In this study, to mimic the body's natural regenerative microenvironment closely, we co-cultured Schwann cells (SCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as seed cells and introduced them into a silk fibroin (SF)/collagen scaffold to construct a tissue-engineered nerve conduit (TENC). Twelve weeks after the three different grafts (plain SF/collagen scaffold, TENC, and autograft) were transplanted to bridge 1-cm long sciatic nerve defects in rats, a series of electrophysiological examinations and morphological analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of the tissue-engineered nerve grafts on peripheral nerve regeneration. The regenerative outcomes showed that the effect of treatment with TENCs was similar to that with autologous nerve grafts but superior to that with plain SF/collagen scaffolds. Meanwhile, no experimental animals had inflammation around the grafts. Based on this evidence, our findings suggest that the TENC we developed could improve the regenerative microenvironment and accelerate nerve regeneration compared to plain SF/collagen and may serve as a promising strategy for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhenhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Armed Logistics, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military and Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Davy PM, Lye KD, Mathews J, Owens JB, Chow AY, Wong L, Moisyadi S, Allsopp RC. Human adipose stem cell and ASC-derived cardiac progenitor cellular therapy improves outcomes in a murine model of myocardial infarction. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:135-48. [PMID: 26604802 PMCID: PMC4631407 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s86925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is an abundant and potent source of adult stem cells for transplant therapy. In this study, we present our findings on the potential application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as well as induced cardiac-like progenitors (iCPs) derived from ASCs for the treatment of myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Human bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells, ASCs, and iCPs generated from ASCs using three defined cardiac lineage transcription factors were assessed in an immune-compromised mouse myocardial infarction model. Analysis of iCP prior to transplant confirmed changes in gene and protein expression consistent with a cardiac phenotype. Endpoint analysis was performed 1 month posttransplant. Significantly increased endpoint fractional shortening, as well as reduction in the infarct area at risk, was observed in recipients of iCPs as compared to the other recipient cohorts. Both recipients of iCPs and ASCs presented higher myocardial capillary densities than either recipients of BM-derived stem cells or the control cohort. Furthermore, mice receiving iCPs had a significantly higher cardiac retention of transplanted cells than all other groups. CONCLUSION Overall, iCPs generated from ASCs outperform BM-derived stem cells and ASCs in facilitating recovery from induced myocardial infarction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Mc Davy
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kevin D Lye
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA ; Tissue Genesis, Inc., Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Juanita Mathews
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jesse B Owens
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Alice Y Chow
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Livingston Wong
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Grimm WD, Giesenhagen B, Hakki S, Schau I, Sirak S, Sletov A, Varga G, Vukovic MA, Widera D. Translational Research and Therapeutic Applications of Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Periodontology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-015-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Generation of neurospheres from human adipose-derived stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:743714. [PMID: 25815334 PMCID: PMC4357140 DOI: 10.1155/2015/743714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to treat neurodegenerative disease shows promise; however, the clinical application of NSCs is limited by the invasive procurement and ethical concerns. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a source of multipotent stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate into various kinds of cells; this study intends to generate neurospheres from human ADSCs by culturing ADSCs on uncoated culture flasks in serum-free neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF); the ADSCs-derived neurospheres were terminally differentiated after growth factor withdrawal. Expression of Nestin, NeuN, MAP2, and GFAP in ADSCs and terminally differentiated neurospheres was shown by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunocytochemistry; cell proliferation in neurospheres was evaluated by cell cycle analyses, immunostaining, and flow cytometry. These data strongly support the conclusion that human ADSCs can successfully differentiate into neurospheres efficiently on uncoated culture flasks, which present similar molecular marker pattern and proliferative ability with NSCs derived from embryonic and adult brain tissues. Therefore, human ADSCs may be an ideal alternative source of stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Recovery of fertility in azoospermia rats after injection of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: the sperm generation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:529589. [PMID: 23509736 PMCID: PMC3590610 DOI: 10.1155/2013/529589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent reports on the treatment of azoospermia patients, in which spermatozoa could not be traced in their testes, are focused more on the potential use of adult stem cells, like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential use of MSCs derived from adipose tissue in the treatment of azoospermia using rat disease models. After busulfan application, the rats (n = 20) were injected with the GFP+ MSCs into left rete testes. After 12 weeks, the testes with cell injection (right testes) were compared to control (left testes) after dimensional and immunohistochemical analyses. Testes treated with MSCs appeared morphologically normal, but they were atrophic in rats without stem cell treatment, in which the seminiferous tubules were empty. Spermatogenesis was detected, not in every but in some tubules of cell-treated testes. GFP+/VASA+ and GFP+/SCP1+ cells in testes indicated the transdifferentiation of MSCs into spermatogenetic cells in the appropriate microenvironment. Rats with cell treatment were mated to show the full recovery of spermatogenesis, and continuous generations were obtained. The expression of GFP was detected in the mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow and also in the sperms of offspring. In conclusion, MSCs might be studied for the same purpose in humans in future.
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Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Widera D. Adult craniofacial stem cells: sources and relation to the neural crest. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:658-71. [PMID: 22170630 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the process of development, neural crest cells migrate out from their niche between the newly formed ectoderm and the neural tube. Thereafter, they give rise not only to ectodermal cell types, but also to mesodermal cell types. Cell types with neural crest ancestry consequently comprise a number of specialized varieties, such as ectodermal neurons, melanocytes and Schwann cells, as well as mesodermal osteoblasts, adipocytes and smooth muscle cells. Numerous recent studies suggest that stem cells with a neural crest origin persist into adulthood, especially within the mammalian craniofacial compartment. This review discusses the sources of adult neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) derived from the cranium, as well as their differentiation potential and expression of key stem cell markers. Furthermore, the expression of marker genes associated with embryonic stem cells and the issue of multi- versus pluripotency of adult NCSCs is reviewed. Stringent tests are proposed, which, if performed, are anticipated to clarify the issue of adult NCSC potency. Finally, current pre-clinical and clinical data are discussed in light of the clinical impact of adult NCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Widera D, Hauser S, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Origin and regenerative potential of vertebrate mechanoreceptor-associated stem cells. ANATOMY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:837626. [PMID: 23082250 PMCID: PMC3467754 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell neurite complexes are highly specialized mechanoreceptors present in the hairy and glabrous skin, as well as in different types of mucosa. Several reports suggest that after injury, such as after nerve crush, freeze injury, or dissection of the nerve, they are able to regenerate, particularly including reinnervation and repopulation of the mechanoreceptors by Schwann cells. However, little is known about mammalian cells responsible for these regenerative processes. Here we review cellular origin of this plasticity in the light of newly described adult neural crest-derived stem cell populations. We also discuss further potential multipotent stem cell populations with the ability to regenerate disrupted innervation and to functionally recover the mechanoreceptors. These capabilities are discussed as in context to cellularly reprogrammed Schwann cells and tissue resident adult mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Widera
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Hsueh YY, Chiang YL, Wu CC, Lin SC. Spheroid formation and neural induction in human adipose-derived stem cells on a chitosan-coated surface. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:117-28. [PMID: 22327282 DOI: 10.1159/000332045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of stem cells appears to have great therapeutic potential to facilitate nerve regeneration in patients with neurodegenerative disease or spinal cord injury. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), a subset of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, possess the great advantages of an abundant amount of cells, less ethical conflict and minimal invasive surgical procedures to obtain the cells. Chitosan, a naturally derived polysaccharide from chitin, has been widely studied to facilitate and guide the direction of nerve regeneration as a biomaterial for the neural tube. Chitosan also serves as a three-dimensional culture substrate to facilitate cellular sphere formation among various cells but is as yet unexplored in hADSCs. In this study, the ability of hADSCs to transdifferentiate from the mesenchymal into the neural lineage by seeding hADSCs on a chitosan-coated surface to form therapeutic cell spheres was investigated. The optimal seeding density (2 × 10(4) cells/cm(2)) and harvesting time (72 h) to obtain sphere formation were determined by cell viability on a chitosan-coated surface. Expression of neural lineage markers was observed by immunofluorescent staining of nestin, neurofilament heavy chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The neural induction potentials were also provoked by replating spheres from primary to tertiary passages. The effect of neural induction in hADSCs on a chitosan-coated surface may help to provide cell sources for facilitating nerve regeneration in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Neurogenic transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells? A critical protocol reevaluation with special emphasis on cell proliferation and cell cycle alterations. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:453-68. [PMID: 20945072 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are reported to display multilineage differentiation potential, including neuroectodermal pathways. The aim of the present study was to critically re-evaluate the potential neurogenic (trans-)differentiation capacity of ASCs using a neurogenic induction protocol based on the combination of isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), indomethacin and insulin. ASCs isolated from lipo-aspirate samples of five healthy female donors were characterized and potential neurogenic (trans-)differentiation was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses. Cell proliferation and cell cycle alterations were studied, and the expression of CREB/ATF transcription factors was analyzed. ASCs expressed CD59, CD90 and CD105, and were tested negative for CD34 and CD45. Under neurogenic induction, ASCs adopted a characteristic morphology comparable to neur(on)al progenitors and expressed musashi1, β-III-tubulin and nestin. Gene expression analyses revealed an increased expression of β-III-tubulin, GFAP, vimentin and BDNF, as well as SOX4 in induced ASCs. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced under neurogenic induction; cell cycle analyses showed a G2-cell cycle arrest accompanied by differential expression of key regulators of cell cycle progression. Differential expression of CREB/ATF transcription factors could be observed on neurogenic induction, pointing to a decisive role of the cAMP-CREB/ATF system. Our findings may point to a potential neurogenic (trans-)differentiation of ASCs into early neur(on)al progenitors, but do not present definite evidence for it. Especially, the adoption of a neural progenitor cell-like morphology must not automatically be misinterpreted as a specific characteristic of a respective (trans-)differentiation process, as this may as well be caused by alterations of cell cycle progression.
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Widera D, Zander C, Heidbreder M, Kasperek Y, Noll T, Seitz O, Saldamli B, Sudhoff H, Sader R, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Adult palatum as a novel source of neural crest-related stem cells. Stem Cells 2010; 27:1899-910. [PMID: 19544446 PMCID: PMC2798069 DOI: 10.1002/stem.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Somatic neural and neural crest stem cells are promising sources for cellular therapy of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, because of practical considerations such as inadequate accessibility of the source material, the application of neural crest stem cells is strictly limited. The secondary palate is a highly regenerative and heavily innervated tissue, which develops embryonically under direct contribution of neural crest cells. Here, we describe for the first time the presence of nestin-positive neural crest-related stem cells within Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell-neurite complexes located in the hard palate of adult Wistar rats. After isolation, palatal neural crest-related stem cells (pNC-SCs) were cultivated in the presence of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor under serum-free conditions, resulting in large amounts of neurospheres. We used immunocytochemical techniques and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression profile of pNC-SCs. In addition to the expression of neural crest stem cell markers such as Nestin, Sox2, and p75, we detected the expression of Klf4, Oct4, and c-Myc. pNC-SCs differentiated efficiently into neuronal and glial cells. Finally, we investigated the potential expression of stemness markers within the human palate. We identified expression of stem cell markers nestin and CD133 and the transcription factors needed for reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent cells: Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc. These data show that cells isolated from palatal rugae form neurospheres, are highly plastic, and express neural crest stem cell markers. In addition, pNC-SCs may have the ability to differentiate into functional neurons and glial cells, serving as a starting point for therapeutic studies. Stem Cells2009;27:1899–1910
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Widera
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Nagase T, Sanada H, Nakagami G, Sari Y, Minematsu T, Sugama J. Clinical and Molecular Perspectives of Deep Tissue Injury: Changes in Molecular Markers in a Rat Model. BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH OF CHRONIC WOUNDS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00534-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Xu Y, Liu Z, Liu L, Zhao C, Xiong F, Zhou C, Li Y, Shan Y, Peng F, Zhang C. Neurospheres from rat adipose-derived stem cells could be induced into functional Schwann cell-like cells in vitro. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9:21. [PMID: 18269732 PMCID: PMC2257969 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schwann cells (SC) which are myelin-forming cells in peripheral nervous system are very useful for the treatment of diseases of peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficient large number of SC for clinical use, so alternative cell systems are desired. Results Using a procedure similar to the one used for propagation of neural stem cells, we could induce rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) into floating neurospheres. In addition to being able to differentiate into neuronal- and glial-like cells, neurospheres could be induced to differentiate into SC-like cells. SC-like cells were bi- or tri-polar in shape and immunopositive for nestin and SC markers p75, GFAP and S-100, identical to genuine SC. We also found that SC-like cells could induce the differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells efficiently, perhaps through secretion of soluble substances. We showed further that SC-like cells could form myelin structures with PC12 cell neurites in vitro. Conclusion These findings indicated that ADSC could differentiate into SC-like cells in terms of morphology, phenotype and functional capacities. SC-like cells induced from ADSC may be useful for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. .
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