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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1218-1227. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Clark C, Drummond RA. The Hidden Cost of Modern Medical Interventions: How Medical Advances Have Shaped the Prevalence of Human Fungal Disease. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020045. [PMID: 30987351 PMCID: PMC6631793 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy in the West is the highest it has ever been, due to the introduction of better hygiene practices and sophisticated medical interventions for cancer, autoimmunity and infectious disease. With these modern advances, a rise in the prevalence of opportunistic infections has also been observed. These include several fungal infections, which present a particular clinical challenge due to the lack of fungal vaccines, limited diagnostics and increasing antifungal drug resistance. This mini-review outlines how modern-day clinical practices have shaped the recent increase in fungal diseases observed in the last few decades. We discuss new research that has implicated the use of immune-modulating drugs in the enhanced susceptibility of vulnerable patients to life-threatening fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Clark
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Rebecca A Drummond
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology & Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Pomorska-Mól M, Czyżewska-Dors E, Kwit K, Rachubik J, Lipowski A, Pejsak Z. Immune response in pigs treated with therapeutic doses of enrofloxacin at the time of vaccination against Aujeszky's disease. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jensen JUS, Hein L, Lundgren B, Bestle MH, Mohr T, Andersen MH, Løken J, Tousi H, Søe-Jensen P, Lauritsen AØ, Strange D, Petersen JA, Thormar K, Larsen KM, Drenck NE, Helweg-Larsen J, Johansen ME, Reinholdt K, Møller JK, Olesen B, Arendrup MC, Østergaard C, Cozzi-Lepri A, Grarup J, Lundgren JD. Invasive Candida infections and the harm from antibacterial drugs in critically ill patients: data from a randomized, controlled trial to determine the role of ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, and cefuroxime. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:594-602. [PMID: 25493970 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of antibiotics in critically ill patients may increase the risk of invasive Candida infection. The objective of this study was to determine whether increased exposure to antibiotics is associated with increased prevalence of invasive Candida infection. DESIGN Substudy using data from a randomized controlled trial, the Procalcitonin And Survival Study 2006-2010. SETTING Nine multidisciplinary ICUs across Denmark. PATIENTS A total of 1,200 critically ill patients. INTERVENTION Patients were randomly allocated to either a "high exposure" antibiotic therapy (intervention arm, n = 604) or a "standard exposure" guided by current guidelines (n = 596). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Seventy-four patients met the endpoint, "invasive Candida infection," 40 in the high exposure arm and 34 in standard exposure arm (relative risk = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-1.8; p = 0.52). Among medical patients in the high exposure arm, the use of ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam was 51% and 75% higher than in the standard exposure arm; no difference in antibiotic exposure was observed between the randomized arms in surgical patients. Among medical intensive care patients, invasive Candida infection was more frequent in the high exposure arm (6.2%; 27/437) than in standard exposure arm (3.3%; 14/424) (hazard ratio = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.6; p = 0.05). Ciprofloxacin used at study entry independently predicted invasive Candida infection (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.1 [1.1-4.1]); the risk gradually increased with duration of ciprofloxacin therapy: six of 384 in patients not exposed (1.6%), eight of 212 (3.8%) when used for 1-2 days (hazard ratio = 2.5; 95% CI, 0.9-7.3), and 31 of 493 (6.3%) when used for 3 days (hazard ratio = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.6-9.3; p = 0.002). Patients with any ciprofloxacin-containing antibiotic regimen the first 3 days in the trial had a higher risk of invasive Candida infection than did patients on any antibiotic regimen not containing ciprofloxacin (unadjusted hazard ratio = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.6-8.7; p = 0.003; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4-8.0; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS High exposure to antibiotics is associated to increased risk of invasive Candida infection in medical intensive care patients. Patients with ciprofloxacin-containing regimens had higher risk of invasive Candida infection. Other antibiotics, such as meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, and cefuroxime, were not associated with such a risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Ulrik S Jensen
- 1CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rigshospitalet - and the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. 3Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark. 4Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. 5Diagnostic Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark. 7Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark. 8Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark. 9Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. 10Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. 11Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Roskilde University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark. 12Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark. 13Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark. 14Mycology Unit, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. 15Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. 16Royal Free University College, London, United Kingdom
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Sakamoto K, Kuno K, Takemoto M, He P, Ishikawa T, Onishi S, Ishibashi R, Okabe E, Shoji M, Hattori A, Yamaga M, Kobayashi K, Kawamura H, Tokuyama H, Maezawa Y, Yokote K. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide protects glomerular podocytes from inflammatory injuries. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:727152. [PMID: 25821833 PMCID: PMC4363873 DOI: 10.1155/2015/727152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease; however, there are few treatment options. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation and/or progression of DN. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide, which was originally isolated from the ovine hypothalamus and reportedly has diverse biological functions. It has been reported that PACAP has renoprotective effects in different models of kidney pathology. However, the specific cell types within the kidney that are protected by PACAP have not yet been reported. In this study, we localized VPAC1, one of the PACAP receptors, to glomerular podocytes, which also reportedly has crucial roles not only in glomerular physiology but also in pathology. PACAP was effective in the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6, which had been induced by the activation of toll-like receptor (TLR) with lipopolysaccharide. PACAP also had downregulated the expression of MCP-1 through the protein kinase A signaling pathway; this led to the attenuation of the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Our results suggested that PACAP could be a possible treatment option for DN through the use of anti-inflammation effects on glomerular podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kuno
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
- *Minoru Takemoto:
| | - Peng He
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Onishi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishibashi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Emiko Okabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Akiko Hattori
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamaga
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Harukiyo Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Japan
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Sarker P, Mily A, Mamun AA, Jalal S, Bergman P, Raqib R, Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B. Ciprofloxacin Affects Host Cells by Suppressing Expression of the Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides Cathelicidins and Beta-Defensin-3 in Colon Epithelia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 3:353-74. [PMID: 27025750 PMCID: PMC4790365 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics exert several effects on host cells including regulation of immune components. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), e.g., cathelicidins and defensins display multiple functions in innate immunity. In colonic mucosa, cathelicidins are induced by butyrate, a bacterial fermentation product. Here, we investigated the effect of antibiotics on butyrate-induced expression of cathelicidins and beta-defensins in colon epithelial cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that ciprofloxacin and clindamycin reduce butyrate-induced transcription of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in the colonic epithelial cell line HT-29. Suppression of LL-37 peptide/protein by ciprofloxacin was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that ciprofloxacin suppresses the rabbit cathelicidin CAP-18 in rectal epithelia of healthy and butyrate-treated Shigella-infected rabbits. Ciprofloxacin also down-regulated butyrate-induced transcription of the human beta-defensin-3 in HT-29 cells. Microarray analysis of HT-29 cells revealed upregulation by butyrate with subsequent down-regulation by ciprofloxacin of additional genes encoding immune factors. Dephosphorylation of histone H3, an epigenetic event provided a possible mechanism of the suppressive effect of ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, LL-37 peptide inhibited Clostridium difficile growth in vitro. In conclusion, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin exert immunomodulatory function by down-regulating AMPs and other immune components in colonic epithelial cells. Suppression of AMPs may contribute to the overgrowth of C. difficile, causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protim Sarker
- Centre for Vaccine Science, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Akhirunnesa Mily
- Centre for Vaccine Science, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Centre for Vaccine Science, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Shah Jalal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology (F68), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology (F68), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Centre for Vaccine Science, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology (F68), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Panigrahi M, Sharma A, Bhushan B. Molecular Characterization and Expression Profile of Partial TLR4 Gene in Association to Mastitis in Crossbred Cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2014; 25:188-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2013.856797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Du B, Luo W, Li R, Tan B, Han H, Lu X, Li D, Qian M, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Liu M. Lgr4/Gpr48 negatively regulates TLR2/4-associated pattern recognition and innate immunity by targeting CD14 expression. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15131-41. [PMID: 23589304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is pivotal in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we demonstrate that deletion of Lgr4/Gpr48 (G-protein-coupled receptor 48), a seven-transmembrane glycoprotein hormone receptor, potentiates TLR2/4-associated cytokine production and attenuates mouse resistance to septic shock. The expression of CD14, a co-receptor for TLR2/4-associated pathogen-associated molecular patterns, is increased significantly in Lgr4-deficient macrophages, which is consistent with the increased immune response, whereas the binding activity of cAMP-response element-binding protein is decreased significantly in Lgr4-deficient macrophages, which up-regulate the expression of CD14 at the transcriptional level. Together, our data demonstrate that Lgr4/Gpr48 plays a critical role in modulating the TLR2/4 signaling pathway and represents a useful therapeutic approach of targeting Lgr4/Gpr48 in TLR2/4-associated septic shock and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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Arslan N, Tepe D, Taştan E, Demirci M, Caydere M, Ustun H, Oguz H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of topical ciprofloxacin and prednisolone in the prevention of myringosclerosis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:2335-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of minocycline in experimental colitis involves both its immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. Pharmacol Res 2010; 63:308-19. [PMID: 21193045 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Some antibiotics, including minocycline, have recently been reported to display immunomodulatory properties in addition to their antimicrobial activity. The use of a compound with both immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties could be very interesting in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), so the aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of minocycline in several experimental models of IBD. Firstly, the immunomodulatory activity of the antibiotic was tested in vitro using Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages; minocycline was able to inhibit IL-8 and nitrite production, respectively. In vivo studies were performed in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis. The results revealed that minocycline exerted an intestinal anti-inflammatory effect when administered as a curative treatment in the TNBS model, modulating both immune and microbiological parameters, being confirmed in the DSS model; whereas none of the other antibiotics tested (tetracycline and metronidazole) showed anti-inflammatory effect. However, minocycline administration before the colitis induction was not able to prevent the development of the intestinal inflammation, thus showing that only its antimicrobial activity is not enough for the anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, minocycline displays an anti-inflammatory effect on different models of rodent colitis which could be attributed to the association of its antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.
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Loron G, Olivier P, See H, Le Saché N, Angulo L, Biran V, Brunelle N, Besson-Lescure B, Kitzis MD, Pansiot J, Bingen E, Gressens P, Bonacorsi S, Baud O. Ciprofloxacin prevents myelination delay in neonatal rats subjected to E. coli sepsis. Ann Neurol 2010; 69:341-51. [PMID: 21387379 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perinatal infections and the systemic inflammatory response to them are critical contributors to white matter disease (WMD) in the developing brain despite the use of highly active antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin (CIP) have intrinsic anti-inflammatory effects. We hypothesized that CIP, in addition to its antibacterial activity, could exert a neuroprotective effect by modulating white matter inflammation in response to sepsis. METHODS We adapted an Escherichia coli sepsis model to 5-day-old rat pups (P5), to induce white matter inflammation without bacterial meningitis. We then compared the ability of CIP to modulate inflammatory-induced brain damage compared with cefotaxime (CTX) (treatment of reference). RESULTS Compared with CTX, CIP was associated with reduced microglial activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the developing white matter in rat pups subjected to E. coli sepsis. In addition to reducing microglial activation, CIP was able to prevent myelination delay induced by E. coli sepsis and to promote oligodendroglial survival and maturation. We found that E. coli sepsis altered the transcription of the guidance molecules semaphorin 3A and 3F; CIP treatment was capable of reducing semaphorin 3A and 3F transcription levels to those seen in uninfected controls. Finally, in a noninfectious white matter inflammation model, CIP was associated with significantly reduced microglial activation and prevented WMD when compared to CTX. INTERPRETATION These data strongly suggest that CIP exerts a beneficial effect in a model of E. coli sepsis-induced WMD in rat pups that is independent of its antibacterial activity but likely related to iNOS expression modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Loron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale AVENIR, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
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An N, Song Y, Zhang X, Ci X, Li H, Cao Y, Zhang M, Cui J, Deng X. Pretreatment of mice with rifampicin prolongs survival of endotoxic shock by modulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 30:437-46. [PMID: 18618311 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802135146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of rifampicin in a mouse model of endotoxin shock, mice were pretreated with rifampicin for at different times before and after challenging with a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that rifampicin had a significant preventive effect and reduced the mortality of mice at early stages. To further understand the mechanism, plasma cytokine levels were examined. Mice treated with LPS alone showed markedly increased plasma levels of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10, while mice pretreated with rifampicin showed significantly lower plasma levels of these cytokines compared to the LPS alone. Our results suggest that rifampicin has a beneficial effect on septic shock caused by LPS through modulation of cytokines. This suggests that rifampicin could be a candidate for treatment of septicemia caused by gram-negative bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Hamano R, Takahashi HK, Iwagaki H, Kanke T, Liu K, Yoshino T, Sendo T, Nishibori M, Tanaka N. Stimulation of adenosine A2A receptor inhibits LPS-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and production of TNF-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Shock 2008; 29:154-9. [PMID: 17693933 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31812385da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
LPS stimulates CD14/Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, leading to induce TNF-alpha production. Cell-to-cell interaction through the engagement between intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1 on monocytes and its ligand on T cells has been suggested to play a role in the TNF-alpha production by LPS-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Adenosine is reported to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production. However, little is known about the mechanism of the inhibitory effects induced by adenosine on the LPS-induced immune responses. We found that adenosine inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha by human PBMC via adenosine A2A receptor in the presence of LPS. However, the stimulation of A1R or A3R enhanced the actions of adenosine. Adenosine had no effect on the expression of CD14 and TLR-4, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of adenosine on the LPS actions might be independent of the expression of CD14 and TLR-4. Thus, adenosine differentially regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and the production of TNF-alpha through plural subtypes of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hamano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
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Zhang X, Song Y, Ci X, An N, Fan J, Cui J, Deng X. Effects of florfenicol on early cytokine responses and survival in murine endotoxemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:982-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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HUANG HC, SHIEH CC, YU WL, CHENG KC, CHEN CC, CHANG ST, CHUANG YC. Comparing the protective effects of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injuries. Respirology 2008; 13:47-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaji M, Tanaka J, Sugita J, Kato N, Ibata M, Shono Y, Ohta S, Kondo T, Asaka M, Imamura M. Ciprofloxacin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced toll-like receptor-4 and 8 expression on human monocytes derived from adult and cord blood. Ann Hematol 2007; 87:229-31. [PMID: 17724596 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Spachidou MP, Bourazopoulou E, Maratheftis CI, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG, Manoussakis MN. Expression of functional Toll-like receptors by salivary gland epithelial cells: increased mRNA expression in cells derived from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 147:497-503. [PMID: 17302899 PMCID: PMC1810489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) play an essential role in the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) may participate in the development of glandular inflammatory reactions that characterize primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). In this study we sought to assess the expression and function of several TLR molecules in cultured non-neoplastic SGEC obtained from pSS patients and disease controls. Long-term cultured non-neoplastic SGEC derived from pSS patients (SS-SGEC) and disease controls (control-SGEC), as well as the monocytic cell line THP-1 (positive control cell line), were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA expression of TLR1, -2, -3 and -4 molecules. TLR function was assessed by the induction of the expression (flow cytometry) of the immunoregulatory molecules CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), CD40, CD86/B7 x 2, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II following treatment with the TLR ligands: Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (TLR2), the synthetic dsRNA analogue polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (TLR3) and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (TLR4). SGEC were found to express functional TLR2, -3 and -4 molecules, as attested by dose-dependent up-regulation of surface ICAM-1, CD40 and MHC-I expression (as well as of reciprocal TLR mRNA) following treatment with the respective TLR-ligands. SS-SGEC lines displayed significantly higher constitutive expression of TLR1 (P=0 x 0027), TLR2 (P=0 x 01) and TLR4 (P=0 x 03) mRNA compared to control-SGEC. This study demonstrates that cultured SGEC express functional TLR molecules; the high constitutive TLR expression by SS-SGEC is probably suggestive of the intrinsic activation of epithelial cells in pSS and further supports the role of this type of tissue in pathogenesis of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Spachidou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National University of Athens, Greece
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Burvall K, Palmberg L, Larsson K. Organic dust-induced activation, adhesion to substrate and expression of intercellular adhesion molecules in THP-1 monocytes. Life Sci 2007; 80:1598-607. [PMID: 17320911 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of organic dust in a swine confinement building induces systemic reactions, increased bronchial responsiveness and intense airway inflammation in previously unexposed, healthy subjects. These effects are self-limiting, but chronic respiratory symptoms are frequently observed in swine confinement workers. The present study was aimed at investigating organic dust-induced activation of the monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. Unstimulated THP-1 cells proliferate in suspension but cultivation for several days in medium with complete dust or 0.22-mu-filtered suspension, caused a subset of the THP-1 cells to adhere to the substratum. As assessed by transmission light- and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, dust-stimulated adherent THP-1 cells adopted macrophage-like morphology and expressed vimentin. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was expressed in all dust-activated adherent cells, but only in 1% of the unstimulated cells in suspension. Sialoadhesin, a macrophage marker, was detected in dust-stimulated adherent THP-1 cells but not in the parental monocytes. Serum factors were required for the dust-induced expression of sialoadhesin, but not for adhesion to substrate or expression of ICAM-1. In addition, morphology and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of dust-stimulated adherent cells equalled that of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells, but the PMA-differentiated cells exhibited weak sialoadhesin labelling. In conclusion, exposure to organic dust from a swine confinement building activated a subset of THP-1 monocytes inducing expression of intercellular adhesion molecules, which are important in inflammation. The sustained adhesion to substrate indicates that organic dust from a swine confinement building may contain agents that prevent deactivation and detachment of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Burvall
- The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Lung and Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Box 287, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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WHAT'S NEW IN SHOCK, MARCH 2006? Shock 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000208807.44946.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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