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Szafranska K, Kruse LD, Holte CF, McCourt P, Zapotoczny B. The wHole Story About Fenestrations in LSEC. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735573. [PMID: 34588998 PMCID: PMC8473804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The porosity of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) ensures bidirectional passive transport of lipoproteins, drugs and solutes between the liver capillaries and the liver parenchyma. This porosity is realized via fenestrations - transcellular pores with diameters in the range of 50-300 nm - typically grouped together in sieve plates. Aging and several liver disorders severely reduce LSEC porosity, decreasing their filtration properties. Over the years, a variety of drugs, stimulants, and toxins have been investigated in the context of altered diameter or frequency of fenestrations. In fact, any change in the porosity, connected with the change in number and/or size of fenestrations is reflected in the overall liver-vascular system crosstalk. Recently, several commonly used medicines have been proposed to have a beneficial effect on LSEC re-fenestration in aging. These findings may be important for the aging populations of the world. In this review we collate the literature on medicines, recreational drugs, hormones and laboratory tools (including toxins) where the effect LSEC morphology was quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, different experimental models of liver pathology are discussed in the context of fenestrations. The second part of this review covers the cellular mechanisms of action to enable physicians and researchers to predict the effect of newly developed drugs on LSEC porosity. To achieve this, we discuss four existing hypotheses of regulation of fenestrations. Finally, we provide a summary of the cellular mechanisms which are demonstrated to tune the porosity of LSEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Szafranska
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Larissa D Kruse
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher Florian Holte
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter McCourt
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bartlomiej Zapotoczny
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Cortese M, Delporte C, Dufour D, Noyon C, Chaumont M, De Becker B, Reye F, Rousseau A, Eker OF, Nève J, Piagnerelli M, Boudjeltia KZ, Robaye B, Van Antwerpen P. Validation of a LC/MSMS method for simultaneous quantification of 9 nucleotides in biological matrices. Talanta 2018; 193:206-214. [PMID: 30368292 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides play a role in inflammation processes: cAMP and cGMP in the endothelial barrier function, ADP in platelet aggregation, ATP and UTP in vasodilatation and/or vasoconstriction of blood vessels, UDP in macrophages activation. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a LC/MS-MS method able to quantify simultaneously nine nucleotides (AMP, cAMP, ADP, ATP, GMP, cGMP, UMP, UDP and UTP) in biological matrixes (cells and plasma). The method we developed, has lower LOQ's than others and has the main advantage to quantify all nucleotides within one single injection in less than 10 min. The measured nucleotides concentrations obtained with this method are similar to those obtained with assay kits commercially available. Analysis of plasma and red blood cells from healthy donors permits to estimate the physiological concentration of those nucleotides in human plasma and red blood cells, such information being poorly available in the literature. Furthermore, the protocol presented in this paper allowed us to observe that AMP, ADP, ATP concentrations are modified in human red blood cells and plasma after a venous stasis of 4 min compared to physiological blood circulation. Therefore, this specific method enables future studies on nucleotides implications in chronic inflammatory diseases but also in other pathologies where nucleotides are implicated in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cortese
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Damien Dufour
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Caroline Noyon
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Martin Chaumont
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Benjamin De Becker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Florence Reye
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Gozée 706, B-6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Omer Faruk Eker
- Service de neuroradiologie interventionnelle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Jean Nève
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michael Piagnerelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Gozée 706, B-6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Gozée 706, B-6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Bernard Robaye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in human and molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de Charleroi - Gosselies (Biopark), CP300, rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, B-6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3 - Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/05, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Khedr RM, Ahmed AAE, Kamel R, Raafat EM. Sitagliptin attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via cAMP/PKA, PI3K/Akt pathway in a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent manner. Life Sci 2018; 211:31-39. [PMID: 30195035 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the effect of sitagliptin prophylactic treatment on intestinal I/R rat model and explored the possible underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Sham group (operation without clamping), I/R group (operation with clamping) and sitagliptin pretreated group (300 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 2 weeks before I/R insult. Intestinal I/R was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min, followed by 60 min reperfusion after removal of clamping. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were sacrificed for histopathological, biochemical, PCR and western blot assessment. KEY FINDINGS Pretreatment with sitagliptin remarkably alleviated the pathological changes induced by I/R in the jejunum, suppressed upregulated NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1βand MPO caused by I/R. Moreover, sitagliptin decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and accordingly suppressed apoptotic tissue damage as reflected by a caspase-3 level reduction in rat intestine subjected to I/R injury. Interestingly, sitagliptin could obviously increase the active GLP-1 level and GLP-1 receptor mRNA expression in the jejunum of I/R rats. This was associated with the augmentation of the cAMP level and enhancement of PKA activity. Simultaneously, sitagliptin treatment was able to increase the protein expression levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt. SIGNIFICANCE Sitagliptin has shown protective effects against intestinal I/R injury in rats through reduction of intestinal inflammation and apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms may be partially correlated with activation of cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by the GLP-1/GLP-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Khedr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Raafat
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rigor RR, Shen Q, Pivetti CD, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Myosin light chain kinase signaling in endothelial barrier dysfunction. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:911-33. [PMID: 22886693 DOI: 10.1002/med.21270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular barrier dysfunction is a serious problem that occurs in many inflammatory conditions, including sepsis, trauma, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Barrier dysfunction permits extravasation of serum components into the surrounding tissue, leading to edema formation and organ failure. The basis for microvascular barrier dysfunction is hyperpermeability at endothelial cell-cell junctions. Endothelial hyperpermeability is increased by actomyosin contractile activity in response to phosphorylation of myosin light chain by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). MLCK-dependent endothelial hyperpermeability occurs in response to inflammatory mediators (e.g., activated neutrophils, thrombin, histamine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, etc.), through multiple cell signaling pathways and signaling molecules (e.g., Ca(++) , protein kinase C, Src kinase, nitric oxide synthase, etc.). Other signaling molecules protect against MLCK-dependent hyperpermeability (e.g., sphingosine-1-phosphate or cAMP). In addition, individual MLCK isoforms play specific roles in endothelial barrier dysfunction, suggesting that isoform-specific inhibitors could be useful for treating inflammatory disorders and preventing multiple organ failure. Because endothelial barrier dysfunction depends upon signaling through MLCK in many instances, MLCK-dependent signaling comprises multiple potential therapeutic targets for preventing edema formation and multiple organ failure. The following review is a discussion of MLCK-dependent mechanisms and cell signaling events that mediate endothelial hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Rigor
- Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Dozier KC, Cureton EL, Kwan RO, Curran B, Sadjadi J, Victorino GP. Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects mesenteric endothelium from injury during inflammation. Peptides 2009; 30:1735-41. [PMID: 19560500 PMCID: PMC2954434 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived hormone with cellular protective actions. We hypothesized that GLP-1 would protect the endothelium from injury during inflammation. Our aims were to determine the: (1) effect of GLP-1 on basal microvascular permeability, (2) effect of GLP-1 on increased microvascular permeability induced by lipopolysaccaride (LPS), (3) involvement of the GLP-1 receptor in GLP-1 activity, and (4) involvement of the cAMP/PKA pathway in GLP-1 activity. Microvascular permeability (L(p)) of rat mesenteric post-capillary venules was measured in vivo. First, the effect of GLP-1 on basal L(p) was measured. Second, after systemic LPS injection, L(p) was measured after subsequent perfusion with GLP-1. Thirdly, L(p) was measured after LPS injection and perfusion with GLP-1+GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Lastly, L(p) was measured after LPS injection and perfusion with GLP-1+inhibitors of the cAMP/PKA pathway. Results are presented as mean area under the curve (AUC)+/-SEM. GLP-1 had no effect on L(p) (AUC: baseline=27+/-1.4, GLP-1=1+/-0.4, p=0.08). LPS increased L(p) two-fold (AUC: LPS=54+/-1.7, p<0.0001). GLP-1 reduced the LPS increase in L(p) by 75% (AUC: LPS+GLP-1=34+/-1.5, p<0.0001). GLP-1 antagonism reduced the effects of GLP-1 by 60% (AUC: LPS+GLP-1+antagonist=46+/-2.0, p<0.001). The cAMP synthesis inhibitor reduced the effects of GLP-1 by 60% (AUC: LPS+GLP-1+cAMP inhibitor=46+/-1.5, p<0.0001). The PKA inhibitor reduced the effects of GLP-1 by 100% (AUC: LPS+GLP-1+PKA inhibitor=56+/-1.5, p<0.0001). GLP-1 attenuates the increase in microvascular permeability induced by LPS. GLP-1 may protect the endothelium during inflammation, thus decreasing third-space fluid loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher C Dozier
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA
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Schmidt EP, Damarla M, Rentsendorj O, Servinsky LE, Zhu B, Moldobaeva A, Gonzalez A, Hassoun PM, Pearse DB. Soluble guanylyl cyclase contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L1056-65. [PMID: 18849438 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90329.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High tidal volume (HV(T)) ventilation causes pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction. HV(T) ventilation also increases lung nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP. NO contributes to HV(T) lung injury, but the role of cGMP is unknown. In the current study, ventilation of isolated C57BL/6 mouse lungs increased perfusate cGMP as a function of V(T). Ventilation with 20 ml/kg V(T) for 80 min increased the filtration coefficient (K(f)), an index of vascular permeability. The increased cGMP and K(f) caused by HV(T) were attenuated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition and in lungs from endothelial NOS knockout mice. Inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) in wild-type lungs (10 muM ODQ) also blocked cGMP generation and inhibited the increase in K(f), suggesting an injurious role for sGC-derived cGMP. sGC inhibition also attenuated lung Evans blue dye albumin extravasation and wet-to-dry weight ratio in an anesthetized mouse model of HV(T) injury. Additional activation of sGC (1.5 muM BAY 41-2272) in isolated lungs at 40 min increased cGMP production and K(f) in lungs ventilated with 15 ml/kg V(T). HV(T) endothelial barrier dysfunction was attenuated with a nonspecific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor (100 muM IBMX) as well as an inhibitor (10 muM BAY 60-7550) specific for the cGMP-stimulated PDE2A. Concordantly, we found a V(T)-dependent increase in lung cAMP hydrolytic activity and PDE2A protein expression with a decrease in lung cAMP concentration that was blocked by BAY 60-7550. We conclude that HV(T)-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction resulted from a simultaneous increase in NO/sGC-derived cGMP and PDE2A expression causing decreased cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Chong TJ, Sadjadi J, Curran B, Victorino GP. Endothelin-1 reduces mesenteric microvascular hydraulic permeability via cyclic AMP and protein kinase A signal transduction. Peptides 2007; 28:2036-41. [PMID: 17719141 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) decreases microvascular hydraulic permeability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ET-1 exerts its permeability-decreasing effect through cAMP, cGMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) by determining the effect of ET-1 on venular fluid leak during inhibition of cAMP synthesis, inhibition of cGMP degredation, and inhibition of PKA. Rat mesenteric venules were cannulated to measure hydraulic permeability, L(p) (units x 10(-7)cm/(s cmH(2)O)). L(p) was measured during continuous perfusion of 80 pM ET-1 and either (1) an inhibitor of cAMP synthesis (10 microM 2',5'ddA), (2) an inhibitor of cGMP degradation (100 microM Zaprinast), or (3) an inhibitor of PKA (10 microM H-89). Inhibition of cAMP synthesis blocked the permeability decreasing effects of ET-1. The peak L(p) of the cAMP inhibitor alone and with ET-1 was 4.11+/-0.53 and 3.86+/-0.19, respectively (p=0.36, n=6). Inhibition of cGMP degradation did not block the permeability decreasing effects of ET-1. The peak L(p) during inhibition of cGMP degradation alone and with ET-1 was 2.26+/-0.15 and 1.44+/-0.09, respectively (p<0.001, n=6). Inhibition of PKA activation blocked the permeability decreasing effects of ET-1. The peak L(p) of the PKA inhibitor alone and with ET-1 was 2.70+/-0.15 and 2.59+/-0.15, respectively (p=0.38, n=6). The data support the notion that the signal transduction mechanism of ET-1 with regard to decreasing microvascular fluid leak involves cAMP production and PKA activation, but not cGMP degradation. Further understanding of intracellular mechanisms that control microvascular fluid leak could lead to the development of a pharmacologic therapy to control third space fluid loss in severely injured or septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Chong
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco East Bay, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, California 94602, USA
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Ramirez R, Chong T, Curran B, Sadjadi J, Victorino GP. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor decreases ischemia reperfusion induced fluid leak. J Surg Res 2007; 138:175-80. [PMID: 17291529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular volume loss from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major clinical concern. We hypothesize that angiotensin II decreases IR-mediated microvascular fluid leak via the angiotensin II type 2 receptor in a cAMP dependent manner. We therefore sought to determine hydraulic permeability after IR of venules treated with 1) angiotensin II, 2) angiotensin II and cAMP synthesis inhibitor, and 3) angiotensin II and an angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist. METHODS Rat mesenteric post-capillary venules were micro-cannulated to measure hydraulic permeability (L(p)). IR was achieved by placing animals in a 5% oxygen environment and preventing venular flow, after which blood flow was allowed to resume. L(p) was measured after IR and treatment with 1) angiotensin II (20 nm), 2) angiotensin II (20 nm) + cAMP synthesis inhibitor (DDA,10uM), and 3) angiotensin II (20 nm) + type 2 receptor antagonist (PD-123319, 300 mum) (n=6 in each group). RESULTS Compared with the seven-fold increase in L(p) because of IR alone: 1) angiotensin II attenuated the seven-fold increase by 50% (P<0.005), 2) cAMP inhibition did not change the effect of angiotensin II on leak, and the type 2 receptor antagonist completely blocked the effects of angiotensin II on IR mediated leak. CONCLUSION Treatment with angiotensin II attenuated increases in hydraulic permeability because of IR by 50%. Inhibition of cAMP synthesis did not change the effect of angiotensin II on IR mediated leak, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor inhibition completely blocked the effects of angiotensin II. These results indicate that angiotensin II decreases IR induced leak via the angiotensin II type 2 receptor in a cAMP independent manner. A better understanding of mediators that reduce intravascular fluid loss from IR-induced microvascular dysfunction may help clinicians treat uncontrolled fluid extravasation that occurs during shock and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, UCSF-East Bay, Alameda County Medical Center, Alameda, California, USA
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