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Qamar A, Zhao J, Xu L, McLeod P, Huang X, Jiang J, Liu W, Haig A, Zhang ZX. Cyclophilin D Regulates the Nuclear Translocation of AIF, Cardiac Endothelial Cell Necroptosis and Murine Cardiac Transplant Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11038. [PMID: 34681708 PMCID: PMC8540562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable consequence of organ transplant procedure and associated with acute and chronic organ rejection in transplantation. IRI leads to various forms of programmed cell death, which worsens tissue damage and accelerates transplant rejection. We recently demonstrated that necroptosis participates in murine cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) death and murine cardiac transplant rejection. However, MVEC death under a more complex IRI model has not been studied. In this study, we found that simulating IRI conditions in vitro by hypoxia, reoxygenation and treatment with inflammatory cytokines induced necroptosis in MVECs. Interestingly, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocated to the nucleus during MVEC necroptosis, which is regulated by the mitochondrial permeability molecule cyclophilin D (CypD). Furthermore, CypD deficiency in donor cardiac grafts inhibited AIF translocation and mitigated graft IRI and rejection (n = 7; p = 0.002). Our studies indicate that CypD and AIF play significant roles in MVEC necroptosis and cardiac transplant rejection following IRI. Targeting CypD and its downstream AIF may be a plausible approach to inhibit IRI-caused cardiac damage and improve transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Qamar
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3808 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Laura Xu
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick McLeod
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Xuyan Huang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Jifu Jiang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Zhu-Xu Zhang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London Health Sciences Centre, B4-231, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (A.Q.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (P.M.); (X.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (W.L.); (A.H.)
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Krause P, Rave-Fränk M, Wolff HA, Becker H, Christiansen H, Koenig S. Liver sinusoidal endothelial and biliary cell repopulation following irradiation and partial hepatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3928-35. [PMID: 20712054 PMCID: PMC2923767 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether irradiation (IR) and partial hepatectomy (PH) may prepare the host liver for non-parenchymal cell (NPC) transplantation.
METHODS: Livers of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-deficient rats were pre-conditioned with external beam IR (25 Gy) delivered to two-thirds of the right liver lobules followed by a one-third PH of the untreated lobule. DPPIV-positive liver cells (NPC preparations enriched for liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes) were transplanted via the spleen into the recipient livers. The extent and quality of donor cell engraftment and growth was studied over a long-term interval of 16 wk after transplantation.
RESULTS: Host liver staining demonstrated 3 different repopulation types. Well defined clusters of donor-derived hepatocytes with canalicular expression of DPPIV were detectable either adjacent to or in between large areas of donor cells (covering up to 90% of the section plane) co-expressing the endothelial marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. The third type consisted of formations of DPPIV-positive duct-like structures which co-localized with biliary epithelial CD49f.
CONCLUSION: Liver IR and PH as a preconditioning stimulus enables multiple cell liver repopulation by donor hepatocytes, LSECs, and bile duct cells.
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Bolinger B, Engeler D, Krebs P, Miller S, Firner S, Hoffmann M, Palmer DC, Restifo NP, Tian Y, Clavien PA, Ludewig B. IFN-gamma-receptor signaling ameliorates transplant vasculopathy through attenuation of CD8+ T-cell-mediated injury of vascular endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:733-43. [PMID: 20049875 PMCID: PMC3247644 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Occlusive transplant vasculopathy (TV) is the major cause for chronic graft rejection. Since endothelial cells (EC) are the first graft cells encountered by activated host lymphocytes, it is important to delineate the molecular mechanisms that coordinate the interaction of EC with activated T cells. Here, the interaction of CD8(+) T cells with Ag-presenting EC in vivo was examined using a transgenic heart transplantation model with beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) expression exclusively in EC (Tie2-LacZ hearts). We found that priming with beta-gal peptide-loaded DC failed to generate a strong systemic IFN-gamma response, but elicited pronounced TV in both IFN-gamma receptor (IFNGR)-competent, and ifngr(-/-) Tie2-LacZ hearts. In contrast, stimulation of EC-specific CD8(+) T cells with beta-gal-recombinant mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV-LacZ) in recipients of ifngr(+/+) Tie2-LacZ hearts did not precipitate significant TV. However, MCMV-LacZ infection of recipients of ifngr(-/-) Tie2-LacZ hearts led to massive activation of beta-gal-specific CD8 T cells, and led to development of fulminant TV. Further analyses revealed that the strong systemic IFN-gamma "storm" associated with MCMV infection induced upregulation of programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) on EC, and subsequent attenuation of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing EC-specific CD8(+) T cells. Thus, IFNGR signaling in ECs activates a potent peripheral negative feedback circuit that protects vascularized grafts from occlusive TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bolinger
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Engeler
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simone Miller
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Firner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Douglas C. Palmer
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yinghua Tian
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- VetSuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Esposito C, Grosjean F, Torreggiani M, Maggi N, Esposito V, Migotto C, Mangione F, Tinelli C, Dal Canton A. Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine serum levels are associated with acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:1570-3. [PMID: 19545681 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been identified as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in uremic subjects. This study evaluated ADMA plasma levels in kidney transplant recipients. ADMA levels were serially measured during the first year posttransplantation in 41 recipients treated with cyclosporine regimen (CY), sirolimus (SIR), or low-dose cyclosporine plus everolimus (E). Homocysteine, C reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), and standard routine laboratory analyses were determined serially. ADMA significantly increased at 6 months posttransplantation, but was significantly lower among patients on SIR or E. NO was only slightly reduced in patients with increased ADMA levels. Interestingly, ADMA was significantly increased during the first 4 days posttransplantation in patients who experienced acute rejection during the first 6 months after transplantation. The same group of patients demonstrated higher levels of CRP and systolic blood pressure before transplantation. Our results demonstrated that ADMA was increased in patients on CY at 6 months. When increased soon after transplantation ADMA may be associated with episodes of acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients. The presence of elevated systolic blood pressure, as well as CRP and ADMA levels, suggested a role for endothelial dysfunction in the development of acute rejection episodes among deceased donor kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Engraftment of syngeneic and allogeneic endothelial cells, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes into partially hepatectomized rats previously treated with mitomycin C. Transplantation 2009; 88:486-95. [PMID: 19696631 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181b0b98a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment with retrorsine crosslinks host hepatocyte DNA and prevents proliferation after partial hepatectomy (PH), allowing selective expansion of transplanted progenitors. Shortcomings are length of protocol and carcinogenicity of retrorsine. METHODS This report describes a rapid liver repopulation protocol using mitomycin C (MMC) to block proliferation of rat hepatocytes in response to PH. One week post-MMC treatment, dipeptidyl peptidase IV negative host rats were given a PH followed by injection of late gestation, newborn, or adult total liver isolates from dipeptidyl peptidase IV positive rats. For allogeneic transplantation, host rats received injections of anti-CD3 antibody before and after PH. RESULTS Host liver staining 2 to 9 weeks posttransplantation revealed well-defined donor hepatocyte colonies with strong canalicular dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. At the same cell dose, fetal and newborn isolates produced more colonies than adult liver isolates. Hepatocyte colonies also coexpressed marker proteins characteristic of adult hepatocytes and showed polarized localization of plasma membrane proteins. Host livers contained large clusters of sinusoids lined by dipeptidyl peptidase IV positive endothelial cells coexpressing the endothelial cell marker, RECA-1, but lacked the canalicular marker leucine aminopeptidase. Colonies containing donor hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and bile ducts were also observed. Similar levels of engraftment and expansion were achieved with allogeneic liver cell isolates by using anti-CD3 antibody treatment. CONCLUSIONS The MMC transplantation model provides a rapid method for engraftment and expansion of hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and cholangiocytes and should be applicable to investigations centering on the role of endothelial cells in liver regeneration and the identification and characterization of putative endothelial, hepatocyte, and cholangiocyte progenitors.
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Sabbagh F, Lecerf F, Hulin A, Bac P, German-Fattal M. Effect of hypomagnesemia on allogeneic activation in mice. Transpl Immunol 2008; 20:83-7. [PMID: 18707001 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnesium (Mg) plays an essential role in a wide range of fundamental cellular reactions. It has been reported that in rodents Mg-deficient diet-induced hypomagnesemia results in an early inflammation. We have previously shown that chronic severe hypomagnesemia was associated neither with endothelial cell activation nor with an inflammatory process which are crucial in the allograft rejection process. T cell allogeneic stimulation activates the phosphatase calcineurin which triggers the signaling pathways leading to IL-2 synthesis and lymphocyte proliferation. Full activation of calcineurin requires Mg. Surveys suggest that a significant number of people consume less Mg than the international dietary reference intakes leading to hypomagnesemia in 2.5% to 15% of the general population. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hypomagnesemia on lymphocyte allogeneic activation and proliferation in a murine model of dietary-induced hypomagnesemia. METHODS C57BL/6J (H-2(b), Mls(b)) mice were given normal Mg-containing diet (1400 ppm Mg, control mice), or synthetic Mg-deficient diets containing either 50 ppm Mg or 150 ppm Mg for 28 days. Serum Mg levels were determined at days 5, 14 and 28. In parallel, complete urine and faeces were collected by using metabolic cages during a 24 h period for Mg determinations. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice fed either normal diet or 50 ppm Mg-diet were used as responder cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) performed with splenocytes from C3H/He mice (H-2(k), Mls(IIa)) and C57BL/6 mice fed normal diet as stimulators for allogeneic and isogeneic conditions, respectively. TGF-beta and IL-2 productions were quantified in the supernates of mixed splenocytes cultures. 3x10(6) splenocytes from mice fed 50 ppm Mg-diet were used for calcineurin activity determination at day 28. RESULTS In mice fed 150 ppm Mg-diet, moderate hypomagnesemia was observed from day 5 to day 28. Oral supplementation with Mg pidolate (5 or 20 mg Mg/kg/day) could not restore normal serum Mg levels. Serum Mg concentration early decreased in mice fed 50 ppm Mg-diet to achieve stabilized severe hypomagnesemia at days 14 and 28. Urine Mg concentration early dramatically fell down then stabilized in mice fed Mg-deficient diets. In MLR performed at day 28 with splenocytes from mice fed 50 ppm Mg-diet, proliferation and IL-2 production in allogeneic conditions were similar to control mice. No TGF-beta production was detected in any group. Lastly, calcineurin activity measured at day 28 was significantly lower in splenocyes from mice fed 50 ppm Mg-diet than in mice fed control diet. CONCLUSION Mg-deficiency does not alter splenocyte allogeneic activation and proliferation and IL-2 production in vitro, although it partially inhibits calcineurin activity. We hypothesize that the remaining activity is sufficient for IL-2 gene normal activation. Alternatively, Mg-deficiency may trigger other signaling pathways leading to IL-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Sabbagh
- Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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Dishop MK, Mallory GB, White FV. Pediatric lung transplantation: perspectives for the pathologist. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2008; 11:85-105. [PMID: 18229970 DOI: 10.2350/07-09-0347.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation offers life-saving and life-extending treatment for children and adolescents with congenital and acquired forms of pulmonary and pulmonary vascular disease, for whom medical therapy is ineffective or insufficient for sustained response. This review summarizes the pathology related to lung transplantation for the practicing pediatric pathologist and also highlights aspects of lung transplantation unique to the pediatric population. Clinical issues related to availability of organs, candidate eligibility, surgical technique, and postoperative monitoring are discussed. Pathologic evaluation of routine surveillance transbronchial biopsies requires attention to acute cellular rejection, opportunistic infection, and other forms of acute and resolving lung injury. These findings are correlated in some cases with endobronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage as adjunctive tools in surveillance. Open or thoracoscopic biopsies also have diagnostic utility in cases with acute or chronic graft deterioration of uncertain etiology. Future challenges in pediatric lung transplantation are similar to those in the adult population, with continued efforts focused on prolonging graft survival, prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome due to chronic cellular rejection, and evaluation of humoral rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Dishop
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wavamunno MD, O'Connell PJ, Vitalone M, Fung CLS, Allen RDM, Chapman JR, Nankivell BJ. Transplant glomerulopathy: ultrastructural abnormalities occur early in longitudinal analysis of protocol biopsies. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:2757-68. [PMID: 17924997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplant glomerulopathy (TXG) presents a distinctive pattern of glomerular abnormalities. The aim of this study was to describe its sequential ultrastructural pathology. A paired cohort study of 228 protocol biopsies, from our longitudinal database (n = 1345), compared TXG (7 patients, 95 biopsies) and controls (8 patients, 133 biopsies). Ultrastructural morphometry and C4d immunoperoxidase were evaluated from implantation to 5 years after transplantation against sequential histology and functional changes. TXG was predated by early glomerular endothelial cell activation; typified by vacuolation, hypertrophy, serration and expansion of lamina rara interna from 39 +/- 23 days after transplantation. Endothelial cells were transformed into an activated phenotype, containing numerous mitochondria, Golgi and ribosomes. Transition from fenestrated to continuous endothelium, mesangial matrix expansion and podocyte fusion occurred late. Endothelial cell activation also occurred in peritubular capillaries (PTC) followed by basement membrane multi-lamination (p < 0.05-0.001). Light microscopy changes of TXG occurred at 2.3 years. PTC C4d deposition was intermittently expressed over time, correlating with endothelial abnormalities, glomerular C4d and donor-specific antibodies (DSA) (p < 0.05-0.001). In summary, endothelial and subendothelial ultrastructural abnormalities in glomerular and peritubular capillaries are sensitive, early markers of TXG, likely due to stimulation of endothelial cells into an activated phenotype by antibody-mediated sub-lytic complement deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Wavamunno
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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