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Katsimpoulas M, Morticelli L, Gontika I, Kouvaka A, Mallis P, Dipresa D, Böer U, Soudah B, Haverich A, Michalopoulos E, Korossis S. Biocompatibility and Immunogenicity of Decellularized Allogeneic Aorta in the Orthotopic Rat Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:399-415. [PMID: 30582419 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of a small-caliber arterial graft, utilizing a large vessel of a small animal, such as the aorta of the rat or rabbit, for clinical use in the peripheral arterial tree, can widen the options for arterial prostheses. This in vivo study demonstrated the ability of the decellularization protocol that was used to produce a noncytotoxic acellular small-caliber arterial graft, with sufficient biomechanical and biological integrity to withstand the demanding flow and pressure environment of the rat aorta. This work also demonstrated the superiority of the decellularized homograft over its intact counterpart, in terms of lower immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Katsimpoulas
- 1 Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 2 Attikon Animal Hospital, Paiania, Greece
| | - Lucrezia Morticelli
- 3 Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ioanna Gontika
- 4 Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Kouvaka
- 3 Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Mallis
- 4 Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniele Dipresa
- 3 Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- 3 Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bisharah Soudah
- 5 Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- 3 Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- 6 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sotirios Korossis
- 3 Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- 6 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- 7 Cardiopulmonary Regenerative (CARE) Group, Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Zhang X, Ji R, Sun H, Peng J, Ma X, Wang C, Fu Y, Bao L, Jin Y. Scutellarin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the PPARγ/PGC-1α-Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:198-211. [PMID: 29400110 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1422602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterised by excessive accumulation of hepatic lipids and oxidative injury of hepatocytes. Scutellarin is a flavonoid glycoside having antioxidative stress activity. Our current study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of scutellarin ameliorating NAFLD. Scutellarin treatment was applied to male C57BL/6 mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) and HepG2 cells challenged with oleic acid. The antioxidation biochemical indicators and lipid levels in the liver and cells were detected by kits. Liver pathology was observed by light microscope, Oil Red O staining, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays were employed to detect the mRNA and protein levels of various antioxidative-related genes in the presence or absence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ); inhibitor GW9662. Our results showed that scutellarin could significantly reduce blood lipid levels and enhance antioxidative capacities in both the models. In addition, scutellarin treatment conspicuously activated PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase one (NQO1), while it significantly inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) at both the mRNA and protein levels. However, after interfered by GW9662, scutellarin effect was significantly decreased. The experimental data demonstrated that scutellarin showed strong hypolipidaemic, antioxidative, and liver protective activity which could be attributed to its regulating activity in the PPARγ/PGC-1α-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Renpeng Ji
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Huijun Sun
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - ChangYuan Wang
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Liuchi Bao
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Yue Jin
- a College of Pharmacy , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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Lycopene Ameliorates Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Vascular Allograft Transplantation by Regulating the NO/cGMP Pathways and Rho-Associated Kinases Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3128280. [PMID: 28050227 PMCID: PMC5165158 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Transplant arteriosclerosis is considered one of the major factors affecting the survival time of grafts after organ transplantation. In this study, we proposed a hypothesis of whether lycopene can protect grafted vessels through regulating key proteins expression involved in arteriosclerosis. Methods. Allogeneic aortic transplantation was performed using Brow-Norway rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients. After transplantation, the recipients were divided into two groups: the allograft group and the lycopene group. Negative control rats (isograft group) were also established. Histopathological staining was performed to observe the pathological changes, and the expression levels of Ki-67, caspase-3, Rho-associated kinases, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), and eNOS were assessed. Western blotting analysis and real-time PCR were also performed for quantitative analysis. Results. The histopathological staining showed that vascular stenosis and intimal thickening were not evident after lycopene treatment. The Ki-67, ROCK1, ROCK2, and ICAM-1 expression levels were significantly decreased. However, eNOS expression in grafted arteries and plasma cGMP concentration were increased after lycopene treatment. Conclusions. Lycopene could alleviate vascular arteriosclerosis in allograft transplantation via downregulating Rho-associated kinases and regulating key factor expression through the NO/cGMP pathways, which may provide a potentially effective method for transplant arteriosclerosis in clinical organ transplantation.
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Freitag CM, Miller RJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists modulate neuropathic pain: a link to chemokines? Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:238. [PMID: 25191225 PMCID: PMC4138931 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain presents a widespread and intractable medical problem. While numerous pharmaceuticals are used to treat chronic pain, drugs that are safe for extended use and highly effective at treating the most severe pain do not yet exist. Chronic pain resulting from nervous system injury (neuropathic pain) is common in conditions ranging from multiple sclerosis to HIV-1 infection to type II diabetes. Inflammation caused by neuropathy is believed to contribute to the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Chemokines are key inflammatory mediators, several of which (MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1α, fractalkine, SDF-1 among others) have been linked to chronic, neuropathic pain in both human conditions and animal models. The important roles chemokines play in inflammation and pain make them an attractive therapeutic target. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors known for their roles in metabolism. Recent research has revealed that PPARs also play a role in inflammatory gene repression. PPAR agonists have wide-ranging effects including inhibition of chemokine expression and pain behavior reduction in animal models. Experimental evidence suggests a connection between the pain ameliorating effects of PPAR agonists and suppression of inflammatory gene expression, including chemokines. In early clinical research, one PPARα agonist, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), shows promise in relieving chronic pain. If this link can be better established, PPAR agonists may represent a new drug therapy for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Freitag
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Richard J. Miller Laboratory, Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Richard J. Miller Laboratory, Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA
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Zhang HF, Wang L, Yuan HJ, Ma YH, Wang YF, Hu ZY, Su Y, Zhao ZG. PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone prevents apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells from rat bone marrow. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:430-5. [PMID: 23504801 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist affects the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). This study explores the effect of selective PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone, on EPC apoptosis. The cells were cultured and identified via the double staining method in a medium containing different concentrations of pioglitazone. EPC apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. On Day 7, EPCs engulfed DiL-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-1, and showed yellow fluorescence in a laser-scanning confocal microscope. EPC apoptosis inhibition was maximal at 50 µmol/L. The ability of pioglitazone to prevent EPC apoptosis may be mediated by the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. The use of thiazolidine two ketone (TZD) to reduce EPC apoptosis may have some potential in treating vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Zhang
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Henan Province, China
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Tobiasova Z, Zhang L, Yi T, Qin L, Manes TD, Kulkarni S, Lorber MI, Rodriguez FC, Choi JM, Tellides G, Pober JS, Kawikova I, Bothwell ALM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists prevent in vivo remodeling of human artery induced by alloreactive T cells. Circulation 2011; 124:196-205. [PMID: 21690493 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.015396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligands activating the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) have antiinflammatory effects. Vascular rejection induced by allogeneic T cells can be responsible for acute and chronic graft loss. Studies in rodents suggest that PPARγ agonists may inhibit graft vascular rejection, but human T-cell responses to allogeneic vascular cells differ from those in rodents, and the effects of PPARγ in human transplantation are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested the effects of PPARγ agonists on human vascular graft rejection using a model in which human artery is interposed into the abdominal aorta of immunodeficient mice, followed by adoptive transfer of allogeneic (to the artery donor) human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interferon-γ-dependent rejection ensues within 4 weeks, characterized by intimal thickening, T-cell infiltrates, and vascular cell activation, a response resembling clinical intimal arteritis. The PPARγ agonists 15-deoxy-prostaglandin-J(2), ciglitazone, and pioglitazone reduced intimal expansion, intimal infiltration of CD45RO(+) memory T cells, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 reversed the protective effects of PPARγ agonists, confirming the involvement of PPARγ-mediated pathways. In vitro, pioglitazone inhibited both alloantigen-induced proliferation and superantigen-induced transendothelial migration of memory T cells, indicating the potential mechanisms of PPARγ effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PPARγ agonists inhibit allogeneic human memory T cell responses and may be useful for the treatment of vascular graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tobiasova
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Gao S, Li P, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. A new carotid artery transplantation model of rats. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2009; 29:131-3. [PMID: 19224180 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To establish a murine carotid artery transplantation model for the study of the chronic rejection, 80 rats were divided into two groups, an allotransplant (ACI-Lewis) group and an isotransplant (Lewis-Lewis) group (control group). The donor carotid artery and the recipient carotid artery were anastomosed by using a polyethylene cuff (internal diameter: 0.7 mm, length: 3 mm).The pathological changes of carotid artery transplant were observed 14, 28 and 56 days after the transplantation. The results showed that the model was successfully established in 95% of the animals. The chronic rejection-associated arteriosclerosis was induced 28 days after the transplantation. The new chronic rejection model of carotid artery by using cuff technique caused fewer traumas and was easy to make. The pathological changes of the transplant mimicked the chronic rejection-associated arteriosclerosis found in human transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihai Gao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Farah R, Shurtz-Swirski R, Lapin O. Intensification of oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes despite antihyperglycemic treatment. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2008; 7:20. [PMID: 18570678 PMCID: PMC2441608 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolic deregulation associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems. Endothelial injury is induced by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. We have previously shown that DM type 2 patients are exposed to increased OS and inflammation contributed in part by primed peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). AIMS To characterize the effect of oral medication on PMNL priming, on PMNL-related and on systemic inflammation, in correlation to changed diabetes parameters in patient with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. METHODS PMNLs were separated from DM patient's prior and following treatment with either metformin (Glucophage), or Thiazolidinedione (rosiglitazone) and from healthy control subjects (HC). Rate of superoxide release from phorbol ester-stimulated PMNLs and CD11b on PMNLs assessed PMNL priming. White blood cells (WBC) and PMNL counts and apoptosis reflected PMNL-related inflammation. CRP, fibrinogen, transferrin and albumin blood levels reflected systemic inflammation. RESULTS Both metformin and rosiglitazone treatments reduced significantly the high levels of glucose and HbA1c, and slightly improved lipid profile during 2 months. PMNL priming parameters, higher compared to HC, increased after 2 months of metformin treatment. Rosiglitazone treatment decreased PMNL priming. ALP, higher in DM, significantly decreased following 2 months of both treatments. Systemic inflammation markers (fibrinogen, CRP), higher in DM, decreased following both treatments. Transferrin and albumin were similar to HC. PMNL-related inflammation markers were higher in DM; however, only PMNL apoptosis decreased after both treatments. Monocyte counts, higher in DM compared to HC, decreased following both treatments. Serum insulin levels, higher in DM compared to HC, decreased following both treatments. PMNL-related priming and inflammation parameters positively correlated with HbA1c. CONCLUSION The present research adds new facet in evaluating anti-hyperglycemic treatment in type 2 DM patients. Despite sufficient glycemic control using both treatments, some PMNL-related parameters deteriorated. Thus, anti hyperglycemic treatment should be favored due to its combined anti-PMNL priming and anti-inflammatory effect, in addition to its anti-hyperglycemic characteristics, according to the correlation among these parameters. Such combined treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality common in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Farah
- Departement of Internal Medicine B, Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel.
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Dichotomous effects of rosiglitazone in transplantation-induced systemic vasodilator dysfunction in rats. Transplantation 2008; 85:582-8. [PMID: 18347538 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181639c83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction causes severe cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Interventions that improve systemic endothelial function after transplantation and furthermore reduce intragraft vascular dysfunction might improve graft and patient survival. Treatment with the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone is an intervention that potentially fulfills these criteria. In this study, we determined the effect of rosiglitazone treatment on transplantation-induced endothelial dysfunction and vasomotor activity in an experimental model for chronic transplant dysfunction in rats. METHODS Lewis abdominal aortic allografts were orthotopically transplanted into Brown Norway recipients that received either regular chow or chow containing rosiglitazone (approximately 4.2 mg/day). Endothelium-dependent (response to metacholine) and total (response to sodium nitrite) vasodilatory responses were determined in autologous thoracic aortic rings using an ex vivo organ bath setup. Measurements were performed 8 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS Aortic allografting induced systemic endothelial dysfunction as measured by reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the recipient's vascular system. Rosiglitazone treatment restored endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses to pretransplantation levels. However, rosiglitazone treatment reduced the total dilatory response despite normalized endothelial function, indicating impairment of vascular smooth muscle cell vasomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Rosiglitazone treatment after allogeneic transplantation restores endothelial function but impairs vascular smooth muscle cell vasomotor activity. This dichotomous effect of rosiglitazone might impede use of rosiglitazone after organ transplantation since this potentially increases cardiovascular risk despite improved endothelial cell function.
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