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Edalati S, Slobin J, Harsinay A, Vasan V, Taha MA, Del Signore A, Govindaraj S, Iloreta AM. Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications in Rhinology: A Scoping Review. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38924127 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are innovative technologies that have a wide range of potential applications in the health care industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the body of research on AR and VR applications in rhinology by performing a scoping review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. REVIEW METHODS According to PRISM-ScR guidelines, a scoping review of literature on the application of AR and/or VR in the context of Rhinology was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. RESULTS Forty-nine articles from 1996 to 2023 met the criteria for review. Five broad types of AR and/or VR applications were found: preoperative, intraoperative, training/education, feasibility, and technical. The subsequent clinical domains were recognized: craniovertebral surgery, nasal endoscopy, transsphenoidal surgery, skull base surgery, endoscopic sinus surgery, and sinonasal malignancies. CONCLUSION AR and VR have comprehensive applications in Rhinology. AR for surgical navigation may have the most emerging potential in skull base surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery. VR can be utilized as an engaging training tool for surgeons and residents and as a distraction analgesia for patients undergoing office-based procedures. Additional research is essential to further understand the tangible effects of these technologies on measurable clinical results. Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Edalati
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacqueline Slobin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ariel Harsinay
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vikram Vasan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed A Taha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Del Signore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satish Govindaraj
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alfred Marc Iloreta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Chuan A, Bogdanovych A, Moran B, Chowdhury S, Lim YC, Tran MT, Lee TY, Duong J, Qian J, Bui T, Chua AMH, Jeyaratnam B, Siu S, Tiong C, McKendrick M, McLeod GA. Using Virtual Reality to teach ultrasound-guided needling skills for regional anaesthesia: A randomised controlled trial. J Clin Anesth 2024; 97:111535. [PMID: 38889487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE We previously designed and validated a virtual reality-based simulator to help train novices in ultrasound-guided needling skills necessary for safe and competent ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia. This study was designed to compare the performance and error rates of novices trained by a human faculty aided with the assistance of this virtual reality simulator (virtual reality-assisted training), versus novices trained wholly by humans (conventional training). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this single centre, randomised controlled study, we used a standardised teaching protocol, rigorous blinding, iterative training of assessors, and validated global rating scale and composite error score checklists to assess skills learning of novice participants. MAIN RESULTS We recruited 45 novices and scored 270 assessments of performance and error rates. Inter-rater correlation coefficient of reliability of scoring between assessors for the global rating scale was 0.84 (95%CI 0.68-0.92) and for the composite error score checklist was 0.87 (95%CI 0.73-0.93). After adjustment for age, sex, Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21, and baseline score, there was no statistical difference for virtual reality-assisted training compared to conventional training in final global rating score (average treatment effect -3.30 (95%CI-13.07-6.48), p = 0.51) or in the final composite error score (average treatment effect 1.14 (95%CI -0.60-2.88), p = 0.20). Realism in the virtual reality simulator was similar to real-life when measured by the Presence Questionnaire, all components p > 0.79; and task workload assessed by the NASA-Task Load Index was not statistically different between groups, average treatment effect 5.02 (95%CI -3.51-13.54), p = 0.25. Results were achieved in the virtual reality-assisted group with half the human faculty involvement. CONCLUSION Novices trained using a hybrid, virtual reality-assisted teaching program showed no superiority to novices trained using a conventional teaching program, but with less burden on teaching resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin Chuan
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anton Bogdanovych
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Moran
- Department of Anaesthesia, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, Australia
| | - Supriya Chowdhury
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yean Chin Lim
- Department of Anaesthesia & Surgical Intensive Care, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Minh T Tran
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tsz Yui Lee
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jayden Duong
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Qian
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tung Bui
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alex M H Chua
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Steven Siu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clement Tiong
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mel McKendrick
- School of Social Sciences, Hariot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Lucius C, Koch JBH, Jenssen C, Karlas T, Sänger SL, Dietrich CF. [State of the art: Simulation in US]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:723-736. [PMID: 38417809 DOI: 10.1055/a-2183-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Technical simulation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is of growing relevance for student education and advanced medical training and has already been introduced in the field of ultrasound. This review gives a broad overview on different levels of simulation for ultrasound diagnostics and highlights the technical background of the methodology. A critical review of the literature reveals recommendations for implementing simulation techniques in medical studies and professional ultrasound training. An analysis of strengths and weaknesses shows the advantages of simulation especially in the context of individual learning situations and COVID-19-related restrictions for personal interaction. However, simulation techniques cannot replace the experiences of complex clinical examinations with direct interaction to real patients. Therefore, future applications may focus on repetition and assessment of achieved competencies by using standardized feedback mechanisms in order to preserve the limited resources for practical medical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lucius
- CED-Zentrum Berlin-Nord, Poliklinik Gastroenterologie, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas B H Koch
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland GmbH, Strausberg, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound at Medical University Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophie Luise Sänger
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
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Coviello A, Iacovazzo C, Piccione I, Posillipo C, Barone MS, Ianniello M, de Siena AU, Cirillo D, Vargas M. Impact of Ultrasound-Assisted Method on Success Rate of Spinal Anesthesia Performed by Novice Trainees: A Retrospective Comparative Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1515. [PMID: 37888126 PMCID: PMC10608531 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In current practice, single-shot spinal anesthesia has traditionally been performed using the conventional surface-anatomic-Landmark-Guided technique. This "blind" technique has significant critical issues such as a high risk of complications due to the numerous attempts at spinal needle placement and the negative impact on the learning curve of the trainees. Ultrasound-Assisted spinal anesthesia could reduce these critical issues and allow trainees to perform the procedure more easily and with fewer complications for the patient. We performed a before-and-after monocentric retrospective comparative study at the University of Naples "Federico II" (Naples, Italy). Inclusion criteria were as follows: patients aged 18 years or older; ASA physical status between I and IV; and elective orthopedic surgery under single-shot spinal anesthesia performed by supervised trainees between January 2022 and December 2022. In the selected cohort, 88 patients were included in group A (Landmark-Guided spinal anesthesia) and 91 in group B (Ultrasound-Assisted spinal anesthesia). The number of attempts by trainees (p-value < 0.005), procedure performing time (<0.001), and patient discomfort (<0.001) were significantly lower in group B than in group A. Ultrasound-Assisted single-shot spinal anesthesia performed by novice trainees reduces the number of attempts, complication rate, periprocedural pain, and patient discomfort.
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Dietrich CF, Lucius C, Nielsen MB, Burmester E, Westerway SC, Chu CY, Condous G, Cui XW, Dong Y, Harrison G, Koch J, Kraus B, Nolsøe CP, Nayahangan LJ, Pedersen MRV, Saftoiu A, Savitsky E, Blaivas M. The ultrasound use of simulators, current view, and perspectives: Requirements and technical aspects (WFUMB state of the art paper). Endosc Ultrasound 2023; 12:38-49. [PMID: 36629173 PMCID: PMC10134935 DOI: 10.4103/eus-d-22-00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulation has been shown to improve clinical learning outcomes, speed up the learning process and improve learner confidence, whilst initially taking pressure off busy clinical lists. The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) state of the art paper on the use of simulators in ultrasound education introduces ultrasound simulation, its advantages and challenges. It describes different simulator types, including low and high-fidelity simulators, the requirements and technical aspects of simulators, followed by the clinical applications of ultrasound simulation. The paper discusses the role of ultrasound simulation in ultrasound clinical training, referencing established literature. Requirements for successful ultrasound simulation acceptance into educational structures are explored. Despite being in its infancy, ultrasound simulation already offers a wide range of training opportunities and likely holds the key to a broader point of care ultrasound education for medical students, practicing doctors, and other health care professionals. Despite the drawbacks of simulation, there are also many advantages, which are expanding rapidly as the technology evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), Hirslanden Private Hospital Bern, Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lucius
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Centre, Poliklinik Helios Klinikum Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eike Burmester
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), Sana Hospital, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Susan Campbell Westerway
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia
| | - Chit Yan Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy and Advanced Endosurgery Unit, Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Condous
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy and Advanced Endosurgery Unit, Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jonas Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), Hirslanden Private Hospital Bern, Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kraus
- Department of Internal Medicine (DAIM), University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Health Sciences, Radiological Technology, Sonography, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pállson Nolsøe
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Surgical Ultrasound, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Adrian Saftoiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eric Savitsky
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, UCLA Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Blaivas
- Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Ramlogan RR, Chuan A, Mariano ER. Contemporary training methods in regional anaesthesia: fundamentals and innovations. Anaesthesia 2021; 76 Suppl 1:53-64. [PMID: 33426656 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, regional anaesthesia and medical education as a whole have undergone a renaissance. Significant changes in our teaching methods and clinical practice have been influenced by improvements in our theoretical understanding as well as by technological innovations. More recently, there has been a focus on using foundational education principles to teach regional anaesthesia, and the evidence on how to best teach and assess trainees is growing. This narrative review will discuss fundamentals and innovations in regional anaesthesia training. We present the fundamentals in regional anaesthesia training, specifically the current state of simulation-based education, deliberate practice and curriculum design based on competency-based progression. Moving into the future, we present the latest innovations in web-based learning, emerging technologies for teaching and assessment and new developments in alternate reality learning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Ramlogan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Chuan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E R Mariano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Weiss TL, Bailenson JN, Bullock K, Greenleaf W. Reality, from virtual to augmented. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Sutherland J, Belec J, Sheikh A, Chepelev L, Althobaity W, Chow BJW, Mitsouras D, Christensen A, Rybicki FJ, La Russa DJ. Applying Modern Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies to Medical Images and Models. J Digit Imaging 2019; 32:38-53. [PMID: 30215180 PMCID: PMC6382635 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-018-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological innovations have created new opportunities for the increased adoption of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications in medicine. While medical applications of VR have historically seen greater adoption from patient-as-user applications, the new era of VR/AR technology has created the conditions for wider adoption of clinician-as-user applications. Historically, adoption to clinical use has been limited in part by the ability of the technology to achieve a sufficient quality of experience. This article reviews the definitions of virtual and augmented reality and briefly covers the history of their development. Currently available options for consumer-level virtual and augmented reality systems are presented, along with a discussion of technical considerations for their adoption in the clinical environment. Finally, a brief review of the literature of medical VR/AR applications is presented prior to introducing a comprehensive conceptual framework for the viewing and manipulation of medical images in virtual and augmented reality. Using this framework, we outline considerations for placing these methods directly into a radiology-based workflow and show how it can be applied to a variety of clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Sutherland
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Jason Belec
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adnan Sheikh
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Leonid Chepelev
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Waleed Althobaity
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Benjamin J W Chow
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Mitsouras
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Andy Christensen
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Frank J Rybicki
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Daniel J La Russa
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 232, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
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Kim TE, Tsui BCH. Simulation-based ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia curriculum for anesthesiology residents. Korean J Anesthesiol 2018; 72:13-23. [PMID: 30481945 PMCID: PMC6369343 DOI: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proficiency in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia (UGRA) requires the practitioner to acquire cognitive and technical skills. For anesthesiology residents, an assortment of challenges has been identified in learning UGRA skills. Currently, a validated UGRA curriculum for residents does not exist, and the level of UGRA proficiency achieved during residency training can vary considerably. Simulated practice has been shown to enhance proficiency in UGRA, and a competency-based education with simulation training has been endorsed for anesthesiology residents. The objective of this review is to outline simulation-based training that can be implemented in a UGRA curriculum and to explore educational tools like gamification to facilitate competency in regional anesthesiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Edward Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ban C H Tsui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Sevak S, Lurvey B, Woodfin AA, Hothem Z, Callahan RE, Robbins J, Ziegler K. Solid, Cystic, and Tubular: Novice Ultrasound Skills Training Using a Versatile, Affordable Practice Model. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2018; 75:1403-1409. [PMID: 29650483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In spite of the recognized benefits of ultrasound, many physicians have little experience with using ultrasound to perform procedures. Many medical schools and residency programs lack a formal ultrasound training curriculum. We describe an affordable ultrasound training curriculum and versatile, inexpensive practice model. DESIGN Participants underwent a didactic session to teach the theory required to perform ultrasound-guided procedures. Motor skills were taught using a practice model incorporating analogs of common anatomic and pathologic structures into an opacified gelatin substrate. SETTING The Marcia and Eugene Applebaum Simulation Learning Institute, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI; a private nonprofit tertiary care hospital associated with the OUWB School of Medicine, Rochester, MI. PARTICIPANTS The model was tested in a cohort of 50 medical students and general surgery residents. RESULTS The gelatin model can be constructed for $1.03 per learner. The solid, cystic, and vascular structural analogs were readily identifiable on ultrasound and easily differentiated based on their echotextures. Eighty-four percent of participants successfully aspirated the cystic structure, 88% successfully biopsied a portion of the solid structure, and 76% successfully cannulated the tubular structure. Overall, 82% of participants achieved a passing score for the exercise based on a validated Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill instrument. There were no significant differences between the medical students and residents. CONCLUSION This model can be used to teach basic ultrasound skills such as aspiration, biopsy, and vessel cannulation, providing a foundation for the use of ultrasound in a broad range of clinical procedures, as well as providing practice opportunities for medical students and residents to gain increased ultrasound competency and confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sevak
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Lurvey
- OUWB School of Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | | | - Zachary Hothem
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | | | - James Robbins
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan; OUWB School of Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan; Section of Trauma Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kathryn Ziegler
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan; OUWB School of Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan; Marcia and Eugene Applebaum Surgical Learning Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan.
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